Preparatory Test for As Level

Subject : Chemistry
Unit : 1.3 1.7
Section - A
1.

2.

Which of these compounds is a secondary halogenoalkane?

A

CH3CH(OH)CH3

CH3CCl(CH3)CH3

CH3CHClCH3

CH3CH2CH2Cl

Which of these isomers has the highest boiling temperature?

(Total 1 mark)
3.

How many isomers are there of C5H12?

A

Two

Three

Four

Five
(Total 1 mark)

4.

In a molecule of ethene, C2H4, how many (pi) bonds are present?

A

One

Two

Three

Four
(Total 1 mark)

5.

The sketch graph below shows the trend in first ionization energies for some elements in Periods
two and three.

Select, from the elements A to D, the one that

(a)

has atoms with five p electrons.

A
B
C
D
(1)

(b)

is a member of Group 3.
A
B
C
D
(1)

(c)

is likely to be very unreactive.

A
B
C
D
(1)

(d)

normally forms four covalent bonds per atom.

A
B
C
D
(1)
(Total 4 marks)

6.

Which of these ions has the greatest ability to polarize an anion?

A

Ba2+

Ca2+

Cs+

K+
(Total 1 mark)

7.

Which of these electron density maps best represents the bonding in the compound lithium iodide,
LiI?

(Total 1 mark)
8.

Which of the following compounds shows hydrogen bonding in the liquid state?
A

Hydrogen bromide, HBr

Hydrogen sulfide, H2S

Silane, SiH4

Ammonia, NH3
(Total 1 mark)

9.

Which of the following molecules is polar?

A

Carbon dioxide, CO2

Beryllium chloride, BeCl2

Ammonia, NH3

Boron trifluoride, BF3

(Total 1 mark)

10.

The electronegativities of four pairs of elements are given below. Which pair would form the
compound with the greatest ionic character?
A

0.7 and 4.0

0.7 and 3.5

1.0 and 4.0

0.8 and 2.8

(Total 1 mark)

11.

Which of the following successive ionization energies (values in kJ mol1) could have come from a
transition element?
A

496 4563 6913 9544 13352 16611 20115 25941

590 1145 4912 6474 8144 10496 12320 14207

717 1509 3249 4940 6985 9200

2081 3952 6122 9370 12177 15239 19999 23069

11508 18956
(Total 1 mark)

12.

The mechanism of the reaction represented by the equation

C2H4 + Br2 CH2BrCH2Br
is an example of
A

Free radical substitution

Free radical addition

Electrophilic substitution

Electrophilic addition
(Total 1 mark)

13.

Which of the following successive ionization energies (values in kJ mol1) could have come from a
transition element?
A

496 4563 6913 9544 13352 16611 20115 25941

590 1145 4912 6474 8144 10496 12320 14207

717 1509 3249 4940 6985 9200

2081 3952 6122 9370 12177 15239 19999 23069

11508 18956
(Total 1 mark)

14. The first ionization energies, in kJ mol1, of four elements with consecutive atomic numbers are
shown below.
A

1680

2080

496

738

(a)

Which element could be an inert gas?

A
B
C
D
(1)

(b)

Which element could be X in a covalent compound with formula HX?

A
B
C
D
(1)

(c)

Which element could be Y in an ionic compound with formula YH2?

A
B
C
D
(1)
(Total 3 marks)

15.

The graph below shows the second ionization energy of a series of elements with consecutive
atomic numbers.

Which element could be lithium?

A
B
C
D
(Total 1 mark)
16.

Going across Group 1 from sodium to aluminium

A

the melting temperature increases.

the radius of the atom increases.

the radius of the metal ion increases.

the bonding in the element changes from metallic to covalent.

(Total 1 mark)
Section - B

1.

Consider the following data for the hydrides of the Group 4 elements.
element

formula of
hydride

boiling
temperature
/K

relative
molecular
mass

carbon

CH4

109

16

silicon

SiH4

161

32

(a)

germanium

GeH4

185

77

tin

SnH4

221

123

lead

PbH4

Represent the trend in the boiling temperature with relative molecular mass for these
hydrides.
350

Boiling
temperature
/K
300

250

200

150

100

50

0
0

50

100

150

200

250

Relative molecular mass

(2)

(b)

(i)

Account for the increase in boiling temperature as the relative molecular mass
increases.
............................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................
(2)
(ii)

Use your diagram in (a) to suggest a likely value for the boiling temperature of PbH4.
............................................................................................................................
(1)

(iii) PbH4 is actually thermally unstable and unlikely to have the boiling temperature you
have suggested. Suggest why PbH4 is thermally unstable
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
(2)

(c)

Predict the shape of a molecule of SiH4 and justify your prediction.

.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(3)

(d)

(i)

Define the term first ionisation energy.

............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
(2)

(ii)

The successive ionisation energies of silicon are given in the table below.
number of ionisation

ionisation energy/kJ mol1

789

1580

3230

4360

16100

19800

23800

29200

33900

10

38800

11

45900

12

505000

13

235000

14

258000

Use these data to deduce the electronic structure of silicon.

............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 14 marks)

2.

(a)

(i)

Define the terms:

atomic number ...............................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
mass number .................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
(2)

(ii)

Identify the particle which contains 11 protons, 12 neutrons and 10 electrons.

......................................................................................................................
(1)

(b)

Bromine consists of two isotopes, mass numbers 79 and 81. A sample of bromine gas, Br2,
was examined in a mass spectrometer. The mass spectrum showing the molecular ions is
given below.

100
Relative
intensity

50

158

(i)

160
m/e

162

Identify the species responsible for the peak at m/e = 160.

......................................................................................................................
(1)

(ii)

Deduce the relative abundances of the two isotopes,

(2)

(c)

Define the term first electron affinity for bromine atoms, illustrating your answer with an
equation.
................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
(3)
(d)

The graph showing the variation of the first ionisation energies of the elements neon to
potassium is given below.
2500
2000
First
ionisation
1500
energy/kJ mol1
1000
500
0

(i)

Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K

Define the term first ionisation energy with reference to neon.

......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
(2)

(ii)

Explain the general trend in the first ionisation energies of the elements sodium to
argon.
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
(2)

(iii) Explain why the first ionisation energy of neon is greater than the first ionisation
energy of argon.
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

(2)
(Total 15 marks)

3.

(a)

Define the term covalent bond.

.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(2)

(b)

Nitrogen forms an oxide called nitrous oxide, N2O. The bonding in nitrous oxide can be
represented as:
N N O
Complete the diagram below for the N2O molecule using dots or crosses to represent
electrons. Just show all of the outer shell electrons.

4.

(a)

(i)

Complete the electronic configuration of the magnesium atom.

1s2......................................................................................................................
(1)

(ii)

Complete the electronic configuration of the chlorine atom.

1s2......................................................................................................................
(1)

(b)

(i)

Write the equation, including state symbols, for the reaction of magnesium with
chlorine.
(2)

(ii)

Name the type of bonding present in magnesium chloride.

...........................................................................................................................
(1)

(iii) Draw a diagram (using dots or crosses) to show the bonding in magnesium chloride.
Include ALL the electrons in each species and the charges present.
(3)

(c)

State the type of bonding that exists in solid magnesium.

Type.............................................................................................................................
(1)

(d)

Explain fully why the melting temperature of magnesium is higher than that of sodium.
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(3)
(Total 12 marks)

5.

(a)

The molecule isoprene has the displayed formula

H
H

C C
H

(i)

Give the systematic name of isoprene.

...........................................................................................................................
(2)

(ii)

What colour change occurs when aqueous bromine solution is added to isoprene?
From ..................................................... to .......................................................
(1)

(iii) State the type and mechanism of this reaction.

Type ................................................ Mechanism .............................................
(2)

(iv) Suggest the displayed formula of the product formed when excess bromine reacts with
isoprene in the dark.

(1)

(b)

Compound Q, an isomer of isoprene, has the structural formula

CH2 =CHCH2CH=CH2.
(i)

Give the name of the intermolecular force present in both isomers.

...........................................................................................................................
(1)

(ii)

Which isomer would you expect to have the higher boiling point? Justify your answer.
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 9 marks)

6.

(a)

(i)

State TWO features that members of a homologous series have in common.

...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(2)

(ii)

Name the homologous series to which propene belongs.

...........................................................................................................................
(1)

(iii) Propene can be converted into a mixture of 2-chloropropane (as the major product) and
1-chloropropane.
Classify the reaction involved and identify the reagent required.
Classification ....................................................................................................
Reagent .............................................................................................................
(2)
(b)

Define the term structural isomers.

.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(2)

(c)

1-chloropropane and 1-bromopropane both react with ammonia to give 1-propylamine.

State and explain, in terms of bonding and kinetics, which of 1-chloropropane and 1bromopropane would react faster with ammonia.
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(3)

(d)

1-chloropropene, CH3CH

CHCl, can be polymerised to form poly(1-chloropropene).

Draw the repeat unit of poly(1-chloropropene).

(2)
(e)

Explain why 1-chloropropene exists as two different geometric isomers, but propene does not.
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 14 marks)