2.

VALVES
GLOBE VALVE
A globe valve, different from ball valve, is a type of valve used for
regulating flow in a pipeline, consisting of a movable disk-type element and a stationary ring
seat in a generally spherical body. Globe valves are named for their spherical body shape with
the two halves of the body being separated by an internal baffle. This has an opening that forms
a seat onto which a movable plug can be screwed in to close (or shut) the valve. The plug is
[
also called a disc or disk. In globe valves, the plug is connected to a stem which is operated by
screw action using a hand wheel in manual valves. Globe valves are suitable for throttling as
well as shut-off. They are customarily installed so that the media pressure and preferred flow
direction is under the disc. Flow above the disc is also acceptable
APPLICATIONS: Water Treatment, Desalination, Cooling Water Metals, Caustic and ChlorAlkali, Acid Transfer.

BUTTERFLY VALVE
A butterfly

valve is

a valve which

can

be

used

for

isolating

or

regulating flow. A Butterfly Valve is used to control the flow of material through a circular
pipe or tube. Typically the material is air, gas, steam, or liquid. Certain dry materials may
also be handled through a butterfly valve. The closing mechanism takes the form of a disk.

Operation is similar to that of a ball valve, which allows for quick shut off. Butterfly valves are
generally favored because they are lower in cost to other valve designs as well as being lighter
in weight, meaning less support is required. The disc is positioned in the center of the pipe,
passing through the disc is a rod connected to an actuator on the outside of the valve. Rotating
the actuator turns the disc either parallel or perpendicular to the flow. Unlike a ball valve, the
disc is always present within the flow, therefore a pressure drop is always induced in the flow,
regardless of valve position. A butterfly valve is from a family of valves called quarter-turn
valves. In operation, the valve is fully open or closed when the disc is rotated a quarter turn.
The "butterfly" is a metal disc mounted on a rod. When the valve is closed, the disc is turned so
that it completely blocks off the passageway. When the valve is fully open, the disc is rotated a
quarter turn so that it allows an almost unrestricted passage of the fluid. The valve may also be
opened incrementally to throttle flow.
Seat
Resilient seated valves are the most commonly used types. The interior of the valve body is
lined with an elastomer seat. Seats may be made of EPDM, buna, viton, Teflon, natural rubber,
carbox, chlorbutyl, white buna, or white neoprene as well as other materials. Choice of seat
material
depends
on
temperatures,
pressures
and
material
handled.
The seats of some inexpensive butterfly valves are typically molded into the body and cannot be

repaired or replaced. Precision butterfly valves typically contain removable seats that are
repairable .

Disc
The valve disc (controlled by the actuator) regulates the flow of material within the conveying
line. Disc materials are available to meet a variety of application demands: stainless steel,
aluminum/bronze, ductile iron, ductile/epoxy coated, ductile/nickel plated, ductile/nylon II coated
as well as others. As the disc is directly in the material flow stream, care must be taken in
specifying the proper material of construction and disc shape. Some discs are designed to allow
increased
The stem passes through the center of the valve, attaches to the actuator, and positions the
disc for material flow control and shut off. Depending on the application and valve size, stems
may be one or two-piece construction. Typical materials of construction include carbon steel
Actuator
A variety of actuators are available for butterfly valves: manual handle, gear, pneumatic, electric
and electro-hydraulic. Also, actuators that may be enclosed in special housings and buried are
available for certain underground applications.
APPLICATIONS: Butterfly Valves are generally specified for most air, gas, steam, and liquid
applications. They offer an excellent, economically priced, positive shut-off valve for
handling materials (e.g. gases and liquids) that are easily displaced by the valve disc as it
closes.

BALL VALVE
A ball valve is a valve with a spherical disc, the part of the valve
which controls the flow through it. The sphere has a hole, or port, through the middle so that
when the port is in line with both ends of the valve, flow will occur. When the valve is closed, the
hole is perpendicular to the ends of the valve, and flow is blocked. The handle or lever will be
inline with the port position letting you "see" the valve's position. The ball valve, along with
the butterfly valve and plug valve, are part of the family of quarter turn valves. Ball valves are
used extensively in industrial applications because they are very versatile,
supporting pressures up to 1000bar and temperatures up to 752F (500C) depending on the
ball valve design and material.Ball valves are used extensively in industrial applications
because they are very versatile, supporting pressures up to 1000bar and temperatures up to
752F (500C) depending on the ball valve design and material.

DIAGHPHRAM VALVE
Diaphragm valves (or membrane valves) consists of a valve body with two or more ports, a
diaphragm, and a "weir or saddle" or seat upon which the diaphragm closes the valve. The
valve is constructed from either plastic or metal.
Originally, the diaphragm valve was developed for use in industrial applications. Later on the
design was adapted for use in the bio-pharmaceutical industry by using compliant materials that
can withstand sanitizing and sterilizing methods.
There are two main categories of diaphragm valves: one type seals over a "weir" (saddle) and
the other (sometimes called a "full bore or straight-way" valve) seals over a seat. The weir or
saddle type is the most common in process applications and the seat-type is more commonly
used in slurry applications to reduce blocking issues but exists also as a process valve.
Diaphragm valves can be manual or automated. Their application is generally as shut-off valves
in
process
systems
within
the
industrial,
food
and
beverage, pharmaceutical and biotech industries. The older generation of these valves is not
suited for regulating and controlling process flows, however newer developments in this area
have successfully tackled this problem.
Diaphragm valves can be controlled by various types of actuators e.g. manual, pneumatic,
hydraulic, electric etc. The most common diaphragm valves use pneumatic actuators; in this
type of valve, air pressure is applied through a pilot valve into the actuator which in turn raises
the diaphragm and opens the valve.