11/29/2014

Swinburnes Test of DC Machine | Electrical4u

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Swinburnes Test of DC
Machine
miniature electric motor

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Electrical Objective Questions MCQs

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Commutation in DC Machine
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Characteristics of DC Series Generator

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engineering
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Armature Reaction in DC Machine
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Applications of DC Generators
Testing of DC Machine
Swinburnes Test of DC Machine
Hopkinsons Test
Calculation of Efficiency
Calculation of Efficiency When the Machine is Motoring on Load
Calculation of Efficiency When the Machine is Generating on Load
Advantages of Swinburnes Test
Disadvantages
This method is an indirect method of testing a dc machine. It is named after Sir James
Swinburne. Swinburnes test is the most commonly used and simplest method of testing
of shunt and compound wound dc machines which have constant flux. In this test the
efficiency of the machine at any load is pre-determined. We can run the machine as a
motor or as a generator. In this method of testing no load losses are measured
separately and eventually we can determine the efficiency.
The circuit connection for Swinburnes test is shown in figure below. The speed of the
machine is adjusted to the rated speed with the help of the shunt regulator R as shown
in figure.

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Calculation of
Efficiency
Let, I0 is the no load current (
it can be measured by
ammeter A1 )
Ish is the shunt field current (
it can be measured by
ammeter A2 )
Then, no load armature
current = (I0 Ish)
Also let, V is the supply
voltage. Therefore, No load
power input = VI0 watts.

Connection Diagram of Swinburnes Test

In Swinburnes test no load power input is only required to supply the losses. The
losses occur in the machine mainly are:
Iron losses in the core
Friction and windings losses
Armature copper loss.
Since the no load mechanical output of the machine is zero in Swinburnes test, the no
load input power is only used to supply the losses.
The value of armature copper loss = (I0 Ish)2 Ra
Here, Ra is the armature resistance.
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Now, no to get the constant losses we have to subtract the armature copper loss from
the no load power input.
Then, Constant losses WC = VI0 -(I0 Ish)2 Ra
After calculating the no load constant losses now we can determine the efficiency at any
load.
Let, I is the load current at which we have to calculate the efficiency of the machine.
Then, armature current (Ia) will be (I Ish), when the machine is motoring.
And Ia = (I + Ish), when the machine is generating.

miniature electric motor

stator/rotor production equipment slotless motor prod. equipment

Calculation of Efficiency When the Machine is

Motoring on Load
Power input = VI
Armature copper loss, PCU = I2 Ra = (I Ish)2Ra
Constant losses, WC = VI0 -(I0 Ish)2 Ra
Total losses = PCU + WC
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Efficiency of the motor:

Calculation of Efficiency When the Machine is

Generating on Load
Power input = VI
Armature copper loss, PCU = I2 Ra = (I + Ish)2 Ra
Constant losses, WC = VI0 (I0 Ish)2 Ra
Total losses = PCU + WC
Efficiency of the generator:

Advantages of Swinburnes Test

The main advantages of this test are :
1. This test is very convenient and economical as it is required very less power
from supply to perform the test.
2. Since constant losses are known, efficiency of Swinburnes test can be predetermined at any load.

Disadvantages of Swinburnes Test

The main disadvantages of this test are :

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Swinburnes Test of DC Machine | Electrical4u

1.Iron loss is neglected though there is change in iron loss from no load to full
load due to armature reaction.
2.We cannot be sure about the satisfactory commutation on loaded condition
because the test is done on no-load.
3.We cant measure the temperature rise when the machine is loaded. Power
losses can vary with the temperature.
4.In dc series motors, the Swinburnes test cannot be done to find its efficiency
as it is a no load test.
Objective Questions on DC Generator (MCQs)

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