Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
GRAMMAR
NOUN 1
Countable Noun
Singular
><
Plural
Uncountable Noun
without a/an/ -s
a /an/the
Regular
Irregular
Noun s/ es
Note 1
a means/series/species means ..
a child children
a foot feet
a tooth teeth
a louse lice
a person people
a goose geese
a mouse mice
a man men
a woman women
on ox - oxen
a fish - fish
a carp carp
a cod cod
a salmon salmon
a deer deer
a sheep - sheep
a crisis crises
a thesis theses
a diagnosis - diagnoses
a hypothesis hypotheses
a parenthesis - parentheses
an axis - axes
an oasis - oases
a phenomenon phenomena
a criterion - criteria
a memorandum memoranda
a curriculum curricula
a bacterium - bacteria
a syllabus syllabi
a cactus cacti
a fungus fungi
a stimulus stimuli
a radius radii
an appendix appendices
an index indices
a life lives
a shelf - shelves
a half - halves
a loaf - loaves
a thief - thieves
a knife - knives
-self - -selves
a wife - wives
a leaf - leaves
a sheaf - sheaves
a wolf wolves
a hoof hooves/hoofs
a roof roofs
a cliff cliffs
a safe safes
a handkerchief handkerchiefs
a belief- beliefs
But:
city streets
college
travel agents
corner shops
libraries
shop windows
street markets
driving
hitch-hikers
spring flowers
licenses
traffic wardens
November fogs
river banks
church bells
2. But when man and woman is prefixed both parts are made plural
men drivers
women drivers
3. The first word is made plural with compounds formed of verb + er or compounds
composed of noun + preposition + noun
lookers-on
runners-up
sisters-in-law
NOUN 3: Quantifiers
1. Many/several/various/numerous/diverse
><
Much
2. A number of/numbers of
><
An amount of/amounts of
3. (A) few
><
(A) little
><
NOUN 4: Numbers
1. a /two/three hundred/thousand/million/billion/trillion + Noun
2. hundreds/thousands/millions/billions + OF + Noun
3. Compound adjectives
A three-year-old boy
A 16,000-page book
4. one/two/three percent (no s) of Noun ; but a/the percentage of Noun
VERB
(1) Subject _ Verb Agreement
(2) Tenses
(3) Active
><
Passive
Transitive V + Obj
(4) Form
a. After modal verb + Bare inf (can, could, may, might, shall, should, must, will,
would, would rather, had better, have to, ought to, be to, be supposed to)
V- ing ( active/ continuous tenses)
b. After be
P. P (passive)
c. After have + P. P (perfect tenses)
d. Gerund >< Infinitive
e. Finite Verb >< Participle ( Present Participle >< Past participle)
PARALLEL STRUCTURE
1. ,
2. and
3. but
4. or
5. either or
6. neither nor
7. not only but also
8. both and
9. rather than
10.
whether or
11.
as well as
PRONOUN
1. Pronoun/Noun Agreement
2. Which type?
a. Subjective Pronouns (I/You/He/She/It/ We/You/They)
-
Subject of a Verb
After Be
Object of a Verb
Object of a Preposition
Before a Noun
(myself/yourself/himself/herself/itself/ourselves/yourselves/themselves)
5. Double subject/object
6
Ex: Black Island in Long Island Sound it is surrounded by cold, dangerous waters.
WORD FORM
1. Adjectives
a. Before nouns
Ex: an important meeting
Modify verbs:
b.
Modify adjectives
c.
Modify participles
d.
Modify prepositions/ clause markers: soon after / immediately after/ long before/
shortly before
e.
Modify adverbs:
f.
><
generally
- possible
><
possibly
- basic
><
basically
- probable
><
probably
- particular
><
particularly
- usual
><
usually
- original
><
originally
- innate
><
Ex:
innately
3. Note
a. fast (adj) fast (adv)
b. long (adj) long (adv)
c. hard (adj) hard >< hardly
d. high (adj) high >< highly (figurative meaning)
e. early (adj) early (adv)
f. good (adj) well (adv)
VERB
Differ
Invent
Compete
Fertilize
Decide
Prohibit
Prevent
Beautify
Originate
Emphasize
Glorify
Mystify
Socialize
Generalize
Simplify
Free
Construct
Live
NOUN
Difference
Invention
Competition
Fertilizer/fertility
Decision
Prohibition
Prevention
Beauty
Origin
Emphasis
Glory
Mystery
Society
Generalization
Simplicity
Freedom
Construction
Life
ADJECTIVE
Different
Inventive
Competitive
Fertile
Decisive
Prohibitive
Preventive
Beautiful
Original
Emphatic
Glorious
Mysterious
Social
General
Simple
Free
Constructive
Live/living
VERB
Restrict
Cultivate
Empower
Analyze
Familiarize
Popularize
Classify
Categorize
Absent
Interest
Bore
Fascinate
Produce
Necessitate
Collect
NOUN
Restriction
Culture
Agriculture
Power
Importance
Significance
Analysis
Familiarity
Popularity
Classification
category
Absence
Interest
Boredom
Fascination
Production
Necessity
Collection
ADJECTIVE
Restrictive
Cultural
Agricultural
Powerful
Important
Significant
Analytical
Familiar
Popular
Classifiable
Categorical
Absent
Interesting
Boring
Fascinating
Productive
Necessary
Collective
FIELD
PERSON
FIELD
Music
Poetry
Administration
Photography
Athletics
Philosophy
Creation
Musician
Poet
Administrator
Photographer
Athlete
Philosopher
Creator
Surgery
Architecture
Farming
Biology
Theory
Chemistry
Politics
Surgeon
Architect
Farmer
Biologist
Theorist
Chemist
Politician
Dentistry
Engineering
Finance
Physics
Science
Invention
Crime/criminolog
Dentist
Engineer
Financier
Physicist
Scientist
Inventor
Criminal
Law
History
Editing
Magic
Lawyer
Historian
Editor
Magician
Humor
Biography
Writing
Geography
Humorist
Biographer
Writer
Geographe
y
Mathematics
Manufacture
Acting
Collection
mathematician
Manufacturer
Actor/actress
Collector
Hunting
Dance
Beauty
Carpentry
r
Hunter
Dancer
Beautician
Carpenter
Employment
Competition
Labor
Employee/er
Competitor
Laborer
Forecast
Training
Contest
Discovery
NOUN
Forecaster
Trainer
Contestant
Discoverer
VERB
ADJECTIVE
Strength
Strengthen Strong
Hardness
Harden
Hard
Softness
Soften
Soft
Depth
Deepen
Deep
Ripeness
Ripen
Ripe
Solidity
Solidify
Solid
Length
Lengthen
Long
Shortness Shorten
Short
Weight
Weigh
Weighty/weightless
Blackness Blacken
Black
Fat
Fatten
Fat
Nouns: hearing/sight/smell/taste/touch
Verbs: hear/see/smell/taste/touch
PERSON
FIELD
PERSON
NOUN
VERB
ADJECTIVE
Heat
Light
Brightness
Thickness
Richness
Humidity
Flatness/flat
Height
Darkness/dark
White/whiteness
Largeness
Heat
Lighten
Brighten
Thicken
Enrich
Humidify
Flatten
Heighten
Darken
Whiten
Enlarge
Hot
Light
Bright/brilliant
Thick
Rich
Humid
Flat
High
Dark
White
Large
WORD CHOICE
1. Wrong choice of MAKE or DO
1) MAKE
6) As + Subject +Verb
10
Preposition + Noun/NP
because
although/though/even though
when/while/as
during
11
Other
other + Noun (plural)
Determiner (the, some, any,
every, one, no) + other + Noun
Pronoun
(sing)
the other/the others
Ex: Of the two teachers, one is
experienced, and the other is not.
Note:
to another
12
13) and/but/or
14) be alive >< live + Noun
15) old > < of age
16) near (=close to) >< nearly (=almost)
17) some + Noun >< somewhat + adjective
18) affect so/sth >< effect of sth on so/sth
19) already (adv) >< be all ready ( adjective)
20) among (3 or more) >< between ( 2)
21) and (conjunction) >< also (adverb)
22) beside (=next to) >< besides (= in addition)
23) costume (=clothing) >< custom (traditional practice)
24) farther/further (distance) >< further (= more)
25) formally (=officially) >< formerly (=previously)
26) hard >< hardly
27) imaginary (= not real/fictional) >< imaginative (=creative)
28) later >< latter
29) lay
laid
laid
lie
lay
lain
lying (= be situated/located)
lie
lied
lied
13
7. Redundancy
Inversion
connect together
important significant
repeat again
carefully cautiously
join together
established founded
proceed forward
protect guard
advance forward
original first
only unique
rarely seldom
new innovations
reread again
single only
return back
around
same identical
sufficient enough
chief main
incorrect mistake
necessary needed
progress forward
approximately
14
Hardly ever
On no account
Hardly when
In no circumstances
Neither/nor
Rarely
Never
Seldom
No sooner than
Scarcely ever
Not only
Scarcely when
Nowhere
Ex:
b) The subject and verb of the second clause ( not the first clause) are inverted
when the following expressions occur at the beginning of a sentence
Not until
Only if
Only until
Only when
Only because
Only after
Ex:
Not until he got home did he realize that he had lost it.
Only if you study hard can you pass the final exam.
15
c) In written English adverb phrases introduced by preposition (down, from, in, on,
over, off, out of, round, up .etc.) can be followed by verbs indicating position
(crouch, hang, lie sit, stand, be etc.), by verbs of motion.
Ex:
Across the United States, the general movement of air masses is from west to east.
Ex:
If he had known
Had he known
16
Double Comparison
The + comparative + S + (V), the +comparative + S + (V)
Note: the worse (not the worst), the less (not the least), the better (not the best)
><
Ex:
an
a/an
><
a/an
><
the
Ex:
Rose Bird was a first woman in the history of California to serve on the State Supreme
Court
a/an/the
Ex:
><
without a/an/the
Slag consists of waste material and impurities which rise to top of melted metals.
The most asteroids are beyond the orbit of the planet Mars.
the
><
Ex:
possessive adjectives
The Ozark Mountains of Arkansas are known for the rugged beauty
Note:
- a university/ a European/ a one-parent family/a union/a unicorn/ a unique character
- an hour/ an honest man/ an honor/ an heir/ an heiress/ an MP/ an FBI
17
1.
, S+V
(c) Past P
(d) Adjective
Common clause markers:
a. Time: after , as, as long as, as soon as, before, by the time, now that,
once, since, until, when, while, whenever
b. Concessions/Contrast: although, even though, though, even if,
whereas, while, despite the fact that, in spite of the fact that, except
that/however
c. Reason: as, because, since, in that, in case
d. Results: so that, so that, such that
e. Manner: as if, as though
f. Place: wherever
g. Conditions: if, even if, only if, provided, unless
2. S + V + (Object)
Conjunctions:
Conjunctive advs -
(2) Conjunction
S + V + (Object)
otherwise
then, meanwhile
of
18
-
ARTICLES
A/AN
1. Before singular countable nouns
Ex: Australia is a continent
2. To introduce a subject that has not mentioned before
Ex: I saw a tiger.
3. With certain expressions
a dozen
a/one half
a couple
a/one third
a/one hundred/thousand/million
a/one quarter
a great many
a great deal
a lot of
She is a doctor.
THE
1. Only one example of the thing/person or the identity of the person or thing is clear
Ex:
19
Ex:
4. Before ordinal number (Note: No article is used before expressions with cardinal
numbers.)
Ex:
the 1930s
the fifties
the sixties
the 1800s
Many books
Some water
a few pictures
20
Rice is a staple in many countries.(general)
The trees in this park are mostly evergreens. (specific)
Trees provide shade. (general)
But:
I major in literature
I study American history.
12. Before names of countries, states, cities, universities, colleges, and schools that
contain the word "of" or before countries that have a plural name or an adjective in the
name, except for Great Britain
Ex:
13. Before
a. oceans:
Ex:
b. seas
Ex:
c. gulfs
Ex:
d. rivers
Ex:
The Nile
Ex:
Ex:
Ex:
14. Before the names of ships, planes, trains and people's family names
Ex:
The Titanic
21
The Orient Express
The Browns
Ex:
beg
care
consent
decide
desire
deserve
expect
fail
forget
hesitate
hope
learn
manage
mean
need
offer
plan
prepare
pretend
promise
refuse
seem
struggle
swear
threaten
want
wish
try
intend
challenge
convince
dare
encourage
expect
forbid
force
hire
instruct
invite
order
permit
persuade
remind
require
teach
tell
urge
want
warn
invite
recommend
enable
lead
motivate
use
delay
deny
discuss
dislike
enjoy
finish
cant help
keep
mention
mind
postpone
practice
quit
recall
recollect
resent
resist
risk
stop
suggest
miss
tolerate
involve
understand
include
22
Ex:
continue
cant stand
hate
love
prefer
like
difficult
hard
dangerous
ready
willing
able
pleased
prepared
boring
interesting
VI.
PREPOSITION + V-ING
1. VERB + PREPOSITION + V-ING
approve of
give up
rely on
insist on
succeed in
count on
keep on
think about
think of
depend on
put off
dream about
look forward to
object to
confess to
devote to
dedicate to
commit to
23
I am looking forward to going back to school.
capable of
successful in
VII.
SPECIAL CASES
1. STOP
He stopped smoking (He gave up smoking; he is not going to smoke any more.)
He stopped to smoke (He stopped doing something in order to smoke)
2. TRY
TRY + TO INF: make an effort to do something
Ex: I was very tire. I tried to keep my eyes open, but I couldnt.
3. REMEMBER
REMEMBER + TO INF: You remember to do something before you do it
Ex: Please remember to post the letter. (= Dont forget to post the letter)
4. NEED
NEED + TO INF (ACTIVE)
Ex: John needs to paint the door.
My friend needed to learn Spanish
look at
observe
hear
listen to
smell
feel
7. GO + V-ING
24
GO
boating
bowling
camping
canoeing
dancing
fishing
hiking
hunting
jogging
climbing
running
sailing
shopping
sightseeing
skating
skiing
swimming
8. TO INFINITIVE can be used after the first, the second, the last, the only and
sometimes after superlatives.
Ex: She loves parties. She is always the first to come and the last to leave.
He is the second man to be killed in this way.
demand
desire
determination
eagerness
effort
failure
offer
plan
promise
refusal
request
scheme
willingness
wish
readiness
+
+
+
+
+
V-ing
V-ing
V-ing
V-ing
V-ing
25
WORD ENDINGS
A. COMMON NOUN (THING) ENDINGS
1. ism
: baptism, criticism, organism, heroism, patriotism, alcoholism,
barbarism, dwarfism, parallelism
2. nce
3. ness
4. ion
5. ment
6. (i)ty
7. age
8. ship
9. th
: bath, birth, death, oath, growth, stealth, filth, health, length, strength,
26
truth, depth, breadth, wealth.
10. dom
11. hood
12. ure
13. cy
14. (t)ry
15. logy
: archaeology, geology, sociology, theology, zoology
16. graphy : bibliography, biography
2. er
3. ee
4. ist
5. ician
2. ant
3. ful
4. ic
27
5. less
6. ive
7. ous
8. able
9. ible
10. al
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
2. ate
3. ize
4. ify
2. wise
3. ways
4. ward
28
B. SPECIAL CASES
1.
Ex:
29
Note: However, phrases connected by and can be followed by singular verbs if we think of them as
making up a single item.
Ex:
2.
Subject 1 +
Ex:
of
in addition to
with
together with + Subject 2 + Verb
along with
as well as
no less than
like/ unlike
Either
3.
Neither
Ex:
4.
or
+ Subject 1 +
+ Subject 2 + Verb
nor
There + be +
Ex:
Noun
5.
There/ Here
Ex:
+ Verb
Noun
30
6.
Every
Each
Either
Neither
Ex:
Noun (singular)
+
+ Singular Verb
of the Noun (plural)
7.
Something
Anyone
Anybody
Anything
No one
Nobody
Nothing
+
Singular Verb
8.
a.
A/the majority of
A number of
A lot of
+
Plenty of
Some of
None of
Half of
No
Ex:
Plural Noun +
Plural Verb
b.
The number of +
Plural Noun
+ Singular Verb
31
Ex:
c.
Any of
None of
The majority of
A lot of
Plenty of
All (of)
Some (of)
Ex:
9.
The number of books in the library has risen to over five million.
council
association
audience
class
club
college
committee
community
Ex:
+ Uncountable Noun +
Singular Verb
government
group
jury
orchestra
population
press
public
school
staff
team
university
faculty
choir
gang
couple
cabinet
belongings
clothes
congratulations
earnings
goods
outskirts
particulars
premises
10.
Ex:
riches
glasses
savings
pliers
stairs
pants
surroundings
+ Plural Verb
thanks
scissors
shorts
jeans
32
11.
police
people
cattle
poultry
Plural Verb
Ex:
news
physics
politics
mumps
economics
12.
Ex:
measles
statistics
mathematics
physics
phonetics
rabies
diabetes
gymnastics
athletics
linguistics
Singular Verb
Physics is difficult.
The news is alarming.
13.
Uncountable Noun +
Singular Verb
The titles of books, plays, movies, etc., always take a singular verb
clothing
food
fruit
furniture
Thebaggage
Los Angeles Times
is on the equipment
desk.
garbage
hardware
jewelry
junk
luggage
machinery
Gullivers
a well-knownmoney
childrens book.
mail Travels is
makeup
cash
change
postage
Nouns stating an amount of time, money or measurement always take a singular verb
water
coffee
tea
milk
oil
soup
Ex:
Five
minutes is not
enough to do this exercise.
gasoline
blood
Ex:
14.
15.
The +
Ex:
16.
Fluids
steam
Adjective
air
+
meat
wood
gold
wool
nitrogen
smoke
pollution
corn
salt
dust
sand
grass
flour
hair
wheat
oxygen
Plural Verb
rice
chalk
pepper
dirt
The poor need help.
beauty
happiness
intelligence
patience
truth
confidence
health
justice
peace
violence
courage
help
knowledge
pride
wealth
education
honesty
laughter
progress
enjoyment
hospitality
music
recreation
fun
importance
luck
sleep
advice
space
vocabulary
information
energy
news
homework
evidence
work
proof
grammar
time
slang
driving
swimming
traveling
working
baseball
soccer
tennis
chess
weather
lightning
darkness
dew
rain
light
fog
sleet
sunshine
hail
snow
electricity
heat
thunder
fire
humidity
wind
gravity
33
Solids
Gases
Particles
Abstraction
Activities
Natural
phenomena
Ex:
PREPOSITIONS
1. PREPOSITIONS OF TIME
34
A. In
month ( in July)
B. On
C. At
D. During
During is used with periods of time
E. Until
Until is used with points of time to indicate that an action continues up to that point
From 1990 to/until 1993, Mr. Nolan was in charge of the sales division.
Between 1990 and 1993, Mr. Nolan was in charge of the sales division.
35
G. Since/ For
Since and for are generally used with a perfect tense
2. PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE
A. In
the world
country ( in China)
in city ( in Munich)
B. On
C. At
home/school/college/work
36
magazine ( in Times)
part (The failure of the project was due in part to his lack of leadership.
the back of (Two men were sitting in the back of the car.)
line (The kids were standing in line waiting for their teacher.)
B. On
37
time (Jack was worried about whether he'd be able to get there on time.)
the other hand (I'd like to eat out, but on the other hand I want to save money.)
C. BY
By is used before a point of time to indicate the latest time. By, in this case, means no
later than.
by car/plane/e-mail
D. With
With is used to express the idea of accompaniment or ownership
With is also used to indicate the tool or instrument used to complete something
E. Without
38
Without means not having, experiencing or showing something; not in the company
of someone or not doing the action mentioned
F. Within
Within can mean during a particular period of time
Within the space of a year, three of the town's factories have closed down.
Within can mean less than a certain distance from a particular place
Adjust the driver's seat so that all the controls are within reach (=close enough to
touch)
You can go anywhere you want within reason (=within reasonable limits)
G. Beyond
39
Beyond can mean more or greater than a particular amount, level, or limit
Such tasks are far beyond the scope of the average school kid.
Due to circumstances beyond our control the performance has had to be cancelled.
Why Joan ever married such an idiot in the first place is beyond me.
READING COMPREHENSION
STRATEGIES
40
READING STRATEGIES
1.
OVERVIEW QUESTIONS
The most common overview question asks about the purpose or main topic of the passage. Other
overview questions ask about the writer of the passage or the reader of the passage.
What does this article/the memo mainly discuss?
What is this form?
What is the purpose of this letter/announcement/notice?
Why was this notice/letter written?
In what business is the writer of the passage?
What kind of business is Mr. ________ probably in?
Who issued/wrote this notice?
What is the authors opinion of ______?
Who were these instructions written for?
Who would be most interested in the information in this announcement?
For whom is this advertisement/notice intended?
-
Dont answer the initial overview questions until you have answered the other
questions
41
-
Usually focus on the title and the first sentence(s) of each paragraph for the
topic and main idea; also focus on the last sentence for the conclusion and a
possible restatement of the topic and main idea.
Skim (read very quickly) the rest of the passage for the key words that will
confirm the topic and main idea.
Read the answer choices and eliminate the distractors which may have one of
these characteristics:
a. too general
b. too specific (detailed)
c.
incorrect
II.
DETAIL QUESTIONS
1. Information/Factual Questions often begin with the phrases According to the
passage/the author, wh- questions...
2. Negative Questions contain the words NOT, EXCEPT, or LEAST
-
Scan the passage looking for the key words or related words (synonyms, word
family)
Carefully read the sentence in which the key words occur. (You may have to read
the sentence preceding or following that sentence as well.)
Initial position ---> usually read the previous sentence and find the noun that the
referent replaces
2. ---------------------------------------------------------- A----------------------.
42
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- A.
-
Middle/Final Position ---> usually read the whole sentence in which the referent
occurs
3. This/ That usually refer to the whole previous sentence or phrase. So, read the previous
sentence or phrase and summarize it.
4. Another ---> Look for One + Noun
5. Others ----> Look for Some/Many + Noun
6. The former/the later/ respectively
same word.
2.
3.
43
4.
Focus on the general context and see if context clues in the sentence or in the
sentences before or after can help you guess the meaning
-
V.
INFERENCE QUESTIONS
Inference Questions usually include such words as infer, imply, suggest, guess, probably, or
likely or such phrases as Why mention? What . to do next? Which of these .. is
probably true? and What ..probably do?
Answer choices to inference questions require students to
1. understand what the question is asking and know where to find the answer
in the
passage
2. relate the information in the answer choice to a synonym or paraphrase of information in
the passage; and
3. determine what is true and not true in the answer choices
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LISTENING STRATEGIES
45
What do the peoples expressions tell you? (Do they look happy? Unhappy? Excited?
Bored? Upset?)
3. If you are previewing a photograph of an object, ask yourself these questions
What is it?
What is it made of?
What is it used for?
Where is it?
4. I If you are previewing a photograph of a scene, ask yourself these questions
Where is it?
What is in the foreground (the front of the picture)?
What if anything is happening?
What is in the background (the distant part of the picture)?
5. Dont mark an answer until you have heard all four choices. When you hear a choice that
you think is correct, rest your pencil on that oval on your answer sheet. If you change
your mind and hear a sentence that you think is better, move your pencil to that choice. Once
you have heard all four sentences, mark the oval that your pencil is resting on. (This technique
helps you remember which choice you think is best.)
6. Try to eliminate choices with problems in
Sound
Meaning
Sound & Meaning
7. Never leave any blanks. Always guess before going on to the next item.
8. As soon as you have finished marking the answer, stop looking at and thinking about the
photograph and move on to the next item.
When did .
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On March 3.
In 1953.
In about two hours.
In about a month.
At 7:30.
Its on at 11.
2. Identifying people
Words you might hear in the questions
Who
Whose
Who will go with you on the business
trip?
Whos the new chef at the Fontaines
bakery?
Who did Mrs. Martelli pick to fill the
position?
Who can deliver this memo to Mr.
Wantanabe for me?
Whos going to pick him up at the
station?
Whose coffee cup is this on my desk?
Whose scarf is this?
What ?
What kind/type of
Something ()
I dont know
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-
company uses?
What are your total production figures for this
factory?
What do you plan to do when school is
finished?
What do you estimate your firms profit will
be in December?
4. Identifying an opinion
Words you might hear in the questions
How
Whats your opinion of ?
Do you think Tom will .?
What do you think of .?
5. Identifying a choice
Words you might hear in the questions
-
. A or B?
. prefer?
like better?
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-
evening?
Do you want milk or sugar in your coffee?
Should I wait here at the counter or follow
you back to the warehouse?
What do you think, plain or patterned carpet
in the waiting room?
Will the conference be held here or at the
headquarters?
Should they move the file cabinet to the right
or over by the copy machine?
Shall I put this file on your desk or back in the
filing cabinet?
Can you locate the files on the merger, or
should I ask Mr. Chan to do it?
Neither one.
Oh, come with me please.
Why dont we ?
Why dont you?
Dont you want to..?
I was wondering if youd like to .
Lets .
What/How about .?
Shouldnt we/ Shall we ?
Would/Wouldnt you like me to .?
Can I?
Couldnt you ?
OK
Id love to!
Of course
Sure
That sounds like fun/ Thats a good idea/
Great,
Yes, please (accept the offer)
No, thanks . (turn down the offer)
Thank you, but ( turn down the offer)
Sorry, Ive already made plans/ I have other
plans. ( turn down the offer)
Sorry, but ( turn down the offer)
Wed love to thanks!
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-
7. Identifying a reason
Words you might hear in the questions
-
Why
8. Identifying a description
Words you might hear in the questions
-
What is like?
What does .look like?
What are your new co-workers like?
Whats the weather like here in the winter?
an adjective or adjectives
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How will/can..?
By ( a means of transport )
With
Where?
How far ?
Where should we meet so we can all go to
the game together?
Where are you staying ion Paris?
Where did Maria leave the Oceanview
contract?
How far would you say Conrad Park is from
here?
11.
Do/Does/Did/ Have.?
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-
I would appreciate it
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2. While listening to each conversation, keep your eyes on the corresponding set of three questions
and answer choices. Don't close your eyes or look away. Try to evaluate the four choices as you
are listening.
3. Remember that distractors are sometimes mentioned in the conversations but are not answers to
the question. Don't choose an answer just because you hear a word or two from the answer in
the conversation.
4. If the correct answer is not obvious, try to eliminate answer choices that seem to be incorrect. If
more than one answer choice is left, take a guess.
5. Mark your answers as quickly as possible so that you can preview the next item.
6. Never leave any answers blank. If you are not sure, always guess.
Question Words
Where..?
Who?
What doing?
Whattalking about?
Tactics
Listen for vocabulary that is associated
reservations. Is it still
- Terminal /carousel/check-in/departure
Questions
Examples
Airport
- Rolls/cake/bread Bakery
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- Stage/cast/scene/box office/ Theater
- Chain/ring/necklace/bracelet Jewelry
store
- Menu/terminal/keyboard Computer
store
- Bulldozer/hard hat/crane
Construction site
- Dryer/hangars/detergent
Laundromat
- Pen/envelopes/letterhead/postcard
Post office
- Account/balance/statement /checkbook /
reservations. We can
seat you in about fifteen or
twenty minutes.
M: Great! I was worried,
but I guess this is our
lucky night!
Where are they?
A. At a theater
B. At a party
C. At an airport
D. At a restaurant
2.
Tactics
Listen for vocabulary that is associated
What is he/she?
- Kitchen/pot/knife Cook
- Parking tickets/law/illegal/fine
Examples
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What is the man/womans
profession / occupation/jon?
Police officer
- Class/exam/student Teacher
- Software/keyboard/monitor
Computer programmer
- Money/deposit/withdrawal Bank
teller
- Order/tip/guests Waiter
- Runner/training/game Athlete
B. A banker
- Medicine/nurse/hospital/patient
C. An engineer
Doctor
D. A jeweler
- Instrument/orchestra/note Musician
- Stage/drama/theater Actor
clerk
- Newspaper/write/report/article
Journalist
- Pipe/sink/faucet/leak/drip/fix Plumber
stairway in my house.
hammer/nail Carpenter
Tactics
Listen for vocabulary that is associated
Examples
55
What is going to happen?
theater, popcorn
- Going to the post office: mail, stamps,
twenty minutes
M: Good, we only have
character
- Making a telephone call: number,
A. Getting on a bus
B. Waiting for a bus
C. Taking a taxi
D. Paying a fare
Tactics
Listen for vocabulary that is
associated
What
topic.
is
the
topic
of
conversation?
What are they talking about?
the
with
certain
Examples
W: Is there a dress code
at your company?
M: No, but most of the
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What is the conversation about?
What
is
the
subject
conversation
of
the
main
subject
of
then.
the
conversation
What are they discussing
A. A new outfit that the
woman is wearing
B. How people dress at
the mans company
C. Where to buy
clothes for work
D. A social event that
the man attended
B. Detail Questions
Types of over view
Question Words
Examples
questions
1. Questions about time
When.?
How often?
to the play?
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At what time?
A. Monday
How long?
B. Wednesday
C. Thursday
D. Saturday
W1: I need to call the theater to
order tickets for Wednesday.
W2: Why dont you see the play
over the weekend Claudia?
W1: It runs only Monday through
2. Questions about
Thursday.
Why is Mrs. Sompong leaving?
reasons
to?
Why does the man/woman
want to?
Why
is
the
man/woman
C. To enter a race
D. To
have
break
from
working
M: Do you hear about Mrs.
Sompongs resignation?
W: Yes. Our competitors made
her an offer she couldnt resist.
M: Ill wonder if theyll appoint
her as their new marketing
manager?
man/woman What is the woman going to do?
A. Sell the camera
planning/going to do?
What
is
the
plan to do next?
What
plan
B. Pay by check
has
been
suggested?
What does the man/woman
plan to do?
4. Questions about
problems
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What is the man/woman
concerned/ worried about?
What is the man/womans
problem?
What is bothering the
be operating or not.
D. Whether her union will
man/woman?
feel about ?
What is the man/womans What does Martha advise Dan
to do?
suggestion?
What does the man/woman
is
the
man/woman
suggesting?
What is the man/womans
advice?
better
work
schedule
advise to do?
What
A. make
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(See the strategies for part 2)
C. Inference Questions
Questions
What does the man/woman imply?
Tactics
The answers for inference
Examples
What are they likely to eat
A. Soup
B. Salad
C. Sandwiches
D. Hamburgers
food restaurant.
W: Same here. And Ive
got a coupon for the salad
bar buy one, get one
free.
M: Im always looking to
save some money. Lets
check it out for lunch
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