Selmon ExpresswayinTampa,Florida:

CaseHistoryofDrilledShaftDesign
ForExtremeVariability
Presenter:

StevenD.Dapp,Ph.D.,P.E.,D.GE.
ofDanBrownandAssociates,P.C.

FellowAuthors:
DanBrown,Ph.D.,P.E.,D.GE.
DavidS.Graham,E.I.

RossT.McGillivray,P.E.
ofArdaman&Associates,Inc.

ofDanBrownandAssociates,P.C.

ProjectLocation

SiteOverview

Projectalignmentapproximately1.5mileslong

SiteStratigraphy
LooseFineSand,
OftenSilty
SPorSM
ColorVaries

15to35Typ.

ClaywithSand
CHorSC
GreenGray

(HawthornGroup)

5to15Typ.

HighlyWeathered
Limestone
LightBrownor
LightGray

(TampaFormation)
(FigureafterKuhns etal,2003)

ProjectHistory

Originalstructureconstructedinlate60sandearly70s

Prestressed girderbridgewithtypicalspanlengthsof
approximately65to100

Existingbridgefoundedongroupsof18squareconcretepiles
withHpilesinlimitedlocations

ReversibleElevatedLanes(REL)20032005

Precastboxstructuresupportedonmonoshaft piers.

6diametershafts(afew8diameterscrossingthecanal).

All3lanesintoTampainmorning,outofTampainafternoon.

RELFailure(2004):ViewfromPier98toward97

RELFailure(2004):ViewfromPier97toward96

RELFailure(2004):Pier97

SiteStratigraphy
LooseFineSand,
OftenSilty
SPorSM
ColorVaries

15to35Typ.

ClaywithSand
CHorSC
GreenGray

(HawthornGroup)

5to15Typ.

HighlyWeathered
Limestone
LightBrownor
LightGray

(TampaFormation)
(FigureafterKuhns etal,2003)

SeismicTomographyResultsatPier97
Three-dimensional S-wave velocity images of the ground around Pier 97.
Note: Boreholes marked by red dots (sources) and blue dots (receivers).

P97-9

P97-8

P97-8

P97-6

P97-7

P97-7

P97-5

P97-9

P97-6
P97-8

P97-6

P97-5

P97-5

SC

P97-7

P97-9
P97-5

Geology at
Pier 97 from
core drilling

CH
-10

SC

Weak ground
zone

CH
SM

-20

CL
Weathered
limestone?

Weathered
Limestone

-30

-40

Softer, less
competent
ground irregular

Limestone

ShaftTip

-50

-60

Soft, weak
ground irregular

-70

-80

Limestone?
-90

View from SW

View from SE

View from NE

View from NW

Color code
3,500

Geotechnical Services, Inc.

Seismic velocity, ft/s

Ground Imaging Technology

8,000

Project: Ground imaging around

Pier 97 CTE, Tampa, FL
For: Ardaman & Associates, Inc.

Project engineer: J. M. Descour

Figure 5
4800

5000

6200

Velocities matching color in the ground image

Surveyed: August 18, 2004

RELRemediation
SisterShaftRemediation

MicropileRemediation
3 ft. Clear
PR-10 (typ)

2 ft. Clear
Face to Face
Revised Pile Locations (typ)
Non-Structural Cap
Structural Pier & Pier Head

Ideal PR-10

PR-8 (typ)

Micropile Layout
9-5/8" Dia. Pipe-Pile

218ShaftsTotal
50requirednoremediation
87requiredMicropileremediation
67requiredSisterShaftRemediation
14newshafts,withalternativedesign

Micropile
Remediation

SisterShaft
Remediation

SisterShaft
Remediation

DeckWidening(2012)

Projectalignmentapproximately1.5mileslong

WideningProject

Owner:THEA(TampaHillsboroughExpresswayAuthority)
Operator:FDOT(FloridaDept.ofTransportation)
TheDesignBuildTeam

Contractor:GraniteConstruction
DrilledShaftSubContractor:ATSDrilling
LoadTestingSpecialist:AFT(AppliedFoundationTesting)

Designer:PTG (ParsonsTransportationGroup)
FoundationEngineer:DBA(DanBrownandAssociates)
Geotech Partner:ArdamanandAssociates

WideningDesign
ExistingSPT,andNew
boringateachshaft.
SideResistanceonly.
Initiallybasedon
RELcorrelations.
Adjustedbasedon
5Statnamicloadtests.

TheChallenges
ForDesign
Ameansofidentifyingand
Quantifyingthatstratais
needed:
toohardforSPT,but
toosoftforcoring
DesignProcessMUST
accountforvariability
oftheweatheredrock
bearingformation.

DesignMethodology
Step1:CompileSPTdataforeachpier(multipleborings)

Also,lookattheexistingdrivenpiletipelevations.
Step2:DivideintolayersbasedSPTNandsoildescriptions.
Step3:Calculateshaftcapacity:basedonboringatlocation

andexistingsurroundingdata.
Step4:Correlatedesignbasedoncomprehensiveloadtesting.
Step5:Exercisejudgmentwhensettingthefinaltipelevation.

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Step1:CompileexistingSPTdataforeachnewpier

Step2:DivideintolayersbasedSPTNandsoildescriptions

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Step2:DivideintoLayers

Step2:DivideintoLayers

Step3:CalculateResistance

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Step4:Correlate/VerifyBasedonLoadTests
SideResistance

BaseResistance

Step4:Calibrate/VerifyBasedonLoadTests
SideResistance

BaseResistance

SPTblowcountswere
systematicallylower,evenwith
auto hammercorrections.

Boreholeroughnessand
concreteoverbreakare
proportionallygreaterfor
smallerdiametershafts.

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Step4:Calibrate/VerifyBasedonLoadTests
SideResistance

BaseResistance

Step4:Calibrate/VerifyBasedonLoadTests
SideResistance

BaseResistance

Sideresistancederivedfroma
combinationofthedifferent
materialsinshear.

BaseResistancegovernedbythe
weakermatrixwiththestronger
inclusionsgoingalongfortheride.

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Step5:Usejudgmenttosetfinaltipelevation

LoadTestingattheREL

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LoadTestingattheREL

LoadTestingDuringtheWidening

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LoadTestingDuringtheWidening

DesignofNonRedundantFoundations
inHighlyVariableConditionsRequires:
1.ThroughInvestigation:SimpleSPTdelineationused
(a)with alargesamplepopulation,and
(b)boringateachlocation.
2. Comprehensiveloadtestingacrossrangeofconditions.
(a)AssignResistancesbasedonmaterial,and
(b)Resisttemptationtodelineateintofinersegments.
3.Designmustberobusttoachievereliability:
(a)Capturethelowendoftheperformance,
(b)Thencarefullyconsideryourfactor.
4. RigorousQC/QAisrequired,andthedesignermust
remainengagedduringconstruction.

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ThanksforListening!

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