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Preprocessing
Geometry
Modelling analysis type
Material properties
Mesh
Boundary conditions
Solution
Postprocessing
Continuous
elastic structure
(geometric continuum) divided
into small (but finite), welldefined substructures, called
elements
Elements are connected
together at nodes; nodes have
degrees of freedom
Discretization process known
as meshing
F
l
, , E
A
l
EA
F
l , similar to F kx
l
Local
properties (AE/l)
Elements
K 2 U1
K 2 U 2
Matrix
Displacements
stresses
Laws)
Material
Properties
Failure Modes
Dynamic Analysis
(1)
(2)
Numerical
Numerical problems:
Computers only carry a finite number of significant
digits.
Round off and error accumulation.
Can help the situation by not attaching stiff (small)
elements to flexible (large) elements.
Susceptible to user-introduced modelling errors:
Poor choice of element types.
Distorted elements.
Geometry not adequately modelled.
Certain effects not automatically included:
Complex Buckling
Hybrid composites.
Nanomaterials modelling .
Multiple simultaneous causes.
Module 6
stress analysis.
To introduce you to a coupled-field analysis.
Thermal stresses
due to constraints
Thermal stresses
due to different
materials
two analyses:
Thermal
Analysis
jobname.rth
Temperatures
Structural
Analysis
jobname.rst
The Direct Method usually involves just one analysis that uses a coupled-field element
type containing all necessary degrees of freedom.
1.
2.
3.
Thermal
Analysis
Combined
Structural
Analysis
jobname.rst
Sequential
For coupling situations
which do not exhibit a high
degree of nonlinear
interaction, the sequential
method is more efficient
and flexible because you
can perform the two
analyses independently of
each other.
You can use nodal
temperatures from ANY
load step or time-point in
the thermal analysis as
loads for the stress
analysis. .
Direct
Direct coupling is
advantageous when the
coupled-field interaction is
highly nonlinear and is
best solved in a single
solution using a coupled
formulation.
Examples of direct
coupling include
piezoelectric analysis,
conjugate heat transfer
with fluid flow, and circuitelectromagnetic analysis.
Stress intensity
XY Shear stress
Eccentric Column
x: 0-0.13
x: 0-0.12
y: 0-0.15
y: 0-0.15
FEM METHOD
Outer diameter
Inner diameter
Height
Poissons ratio
Youngs Modulus
= 158mm
= 138mm
= 900mm
= 0.29
= 2.15e5 N/mm2
3
2.5
2
y 1.5
1
0.5
0
0
FEM METHOD
x: 0-2,y: 0-2.5
x=0.1
1.25y=0.5x (4-x)
TOPOLOGICAL METHOD
x: 0-2, y: 0-2.5
Pipe-FEM MODEL
x: 0.2-1
x: 0.2-1
y: 0-0.32
FEM METHOD
y: 0-0.19
A hinged cylindrical
shell is subjected to a
vertical point load (P) at
its center.
x: 0-1.65
y: 0-1
FEM METHOD
x: 0-1.3
FEM METHOD
y: 0-1.6
Vibration
Using the formula taken from PSG Data Book Page 6.14 Storage
Modulus for the various specimens were determined
Natural frequency
where
F
F = C (gEI/wL4)
Nodal Frequency
Constant
Acceleration due to gravity
Modulus of elasticity
Moment of inertia
Effective specimen length
Weight of the beam
GF-E
GF-PP
CF-E
Mode Shape
I
II
III
IV
1.9301
7.3176
9.7360
13.733
1.855
8.00
9.846
14.22
2.769
1.01
0.23
0.11
2.51
1.21
0.23
0.12
I
II
III
IV
1.913
5.733
9.6281
13.588
1.9104
6.40
9.90
12.799
1.14
0.26
0.11
0.06
1.14
0.32
0.10
0.05
I
II
III
IV
1.7270
5.1793
8.7048
12.295
1.73
5.120
8.00
11.81
3.62
0.84
0.30
0.15
3.66
0.82
0.25
0.14
Following Table shows the values for the loss factor (tan ) of all specimens considered.
damping results obtained for composite materials studied
Specimen
Inertia (m)4
E (Gpa)
Tan
E (Gpa)
E (Gpa)a
GE
3.2510-11
12.05
0.0681
0.822
16.19
GPP
1.3310-10
11.55
0.051
0.586
8.75
CE
1.6610-11
50.54
0.095
4.806
14.48
A stress of about 6.756 MPa is much lesser than the Yield Stress of the material