Shear Force and Bending Moments

8.
2 Shear and Bending-Moment Diagrams: Equation Form
8.2 Shear and Bending-Moment Diagrams: Equation Form Example 1, page 1 of 6

1. Express the shear V and bending moment M as functions of x, the distance from
the left end of the beam to an arbitrary point on the beam. Plot V and M vs. x.
6 kip
9 kip
B
3 ft
x
Draw a free-body diagram and find the reactions.

6 kip
9 kip
3 ft
5 ft
7 ft
RA
Fy = 0: RA 9 kip 6 kip + RB = 0
MA = 0: (9 kip)(3 ft) (6 kip)(3 ft + 5 ft) + RB(3 ft + 5 ft + 7 ft) = 0
7 ft
5 ft
Solving gives
RA = 10 kip and RB = 5 kip
RB

2
Pass a section through the beam at a point between the left end and the 9-kip force.
6 kip
9 kip
x
3 ft
RA = 10 kip
5 ft
7 ft
0 < x < 3 ft
3
Draw a free-body diagram of the portion of the beam to the left

of the section and find V and M at the section.
x
A
M (sign convention: M positive counterclockwise, on right end of section)
Fy = 0: 10 kip V = 0
Mx = 0: (10 kip)x + M = 0
RA = 10 kip
V (sign convention: V positive down, on right end of section)
Solving gives
V = 10 kip and M = 10x kipft
valid for 0 < x < 3 ft.
RB = 5 kip

4
Pass a section through the beam at a point between the 9-kip force and the 6-kip force.
6 kip
9 kip
x
RA = 10 kip
3 ft
5 ft
7 ft
RB = 5 kip
3 ft < x < 8 ft
5

9 kip
Fy = 0: 10 kip 9 kip V = 0
Mx = 0: (10 kip)x + (9 kip)(x 3 ft) + M = 0
Solving gives
RA = 10 kip
(x 3 ft)
3 ft
x
V = 1 kip
(3)
M = (x + 27) kipft
(4)
valid for 3 ft < x < 8 ft.

6
Pass a section through the beam at a point between the 6-kip force and the right end of the beam.
6 kip
9 kip
x
B
3 ft
RA = 10 kip
5 ft
7 ft
RB = 5 kip
8 ft < x < 15 ft
Fy = 0: 10 kip 9 kip 6 kip V = 0
Mx = 0: (10 kip)x + (9 kip)(x 3 ft)
6 kip
9 kip
M
A
+ (6 kip)(x 8 ft) + M = 0
Solving gives
3 ft
RA = 10 kip
(x 8 ft)
5 ft
(x 3 ft)
V = 5 kip
(5)
M = (5x + 75) kipft
(6)

8
Collect the results from Eqs. 1-6:

0 < x < 3 ft
V = 10 kip
M = 10x kipft
3 ft < x < 8 ft
V = 1 kip
M = (x + 27) kipft
8 ft < x < 15 ft
V = 5 kip
M = (5x + 75) kipft
Ans.

9
Plot V and M versus x.
6 kip
9 kip
RA = 10 kip
3 ft
5 ft
7 ft
RB = 5 kip
10
V
(kip)
1
x
5
M
(kipft)
35
30

2 N/m
20 Nm
A
14 m
x
1 Draw a free-body diagram and find the reactions.
14 m
=7m
Resultant = (2 N/m)(14 m) = 28 N
2
2 N/m
MA
20 Nm
A
14 m
RA
Fy = 0: RA 28 N = 0
A couple-moment reaction must always be

included at a built-in end of a beam.
MA = 0: MA (28 N)(7 m) + 20 Nm = 0
Solving gives
RA = 28 N and MA = 176 Nm

3
Pass a section through the beam at an arbitrary point (located by x)

x
2 N/m
MA = 176 Nm
20 Nm
A
14 m
RA = 28 N
Fy = 0: 28 N 2x V = 0

Mx = 0: 176 Nm 28x + (
0 < x < 14 m
Resultant = (2 N/m)(x)
MA = 176 Nm
x
2
Solving gives
M
A
x
RA = 28 N
x
)(2 N/m)(x) + M = 0
2
V = (2x + 28) N
Ans.
M = (x2 + 28x 176) Nm
Ans.
valid for 0 < x < 14 m.

5

2 N/m
MA = 176 Nm
20 Nm
A
14 m
RA = 28 N
28
V
(N)
x
M
(Nm)
20
x
176

10 lb/ft
B
A
7 ft
10 ft
3 ft
x
1

10 ft
= 5 ft
2
Resultant = (10 lb/ft)(10 ft) = 100 lb
Fy = 0: RA 100 lb + RB = 0
MA = 0: (100 lb)(7 ft + 5 ft) + RB(7 ft + 10 ft + 3 ft) = 0
RA
7 ft
Solving gives
RA = 40 lb and RB = 60 lb
10 ft
3 ft
RB

2 Pass a section through the beam at a point between the left end
of the beam and the beginning of the distributed load.
10 lb/ft
x
B
A
7 ft
10 ft
RA = 40 lb
0 < x < 7 ft

Fy = 0: 40 lb V = 0
Mx = 0: (40 lb)x + M = 0
x
V
Solving gives
RA = 40 lb
V = 40 lb
(1)
M = (40x) lbft
(2)
3 ft
RB = 60 lb

4
Pass a section through the beam at a point between the

beginning and end of the distributed load.
x
10 lb/ft
B
A
7 ft
10 ft
3 ft
RB = 60 lb
RA = 40 lb
7 ft < x < 17 ft
Resultant = (10 lb/ft)(x 7 ft)
Draw a free-body diagram of the portion of the beam to

the left of the section and solve for V and M at the section.
Fy = 0: 40 lb (10 lb/ft)(x 7 ft) V = 0
x 7 ft
2
Mx = 0: (40 lb)x + [(10 lb/ft)(x 7 ft)]
( x 7 ft ) + M = 0
2
M
Solving gives
x 7 ft
7 ft
x
RA = 40 lb
V = (10x + 110) lb
(3)
M= (5x2 + 110x 245) lbft
(4)

6
Pass a section through the beam at a point between the right end
of the distributed load and the right end of the beam.
x
10 lb/ft
B
A
7 ft
10 ft
3 ft
RB = 60 lb
RA = 40 lb
17 ft < x < 20 ft
7

of the section and solve for V and M at the section.
Resultant = (10 lb/ft)(10 ft) = 100 lb
10 ft
= 5 ft
2
M
7 ft
10 ft
x
RA = 40 lb
x 17 ft

Fy = 0: 40 lb 100 lb V = 0
MA = 0: (40 lb)x + (100 lb)[(x 17 ft) + 5 ft] + M = 0
Solving gives
V = 60 lb
(5)
M = (60x + 1200) lbft
(6)

0 < x < 7 ft
V = 40 lb
M = 40x lbft
7 ft < x < 17 ft
V = (10x + 110) lb
M=
17 ft < x < 20 ft
(5x2
+ 110x 245) lbft
V = 60 lb
M = (60x + 1200) lbft
Ans.

10 Plot V and M versus x.
10 lb/ft
B
A
7 ft
10 ft
3 ft
RA = 40 lb
RB = 60 lb
V
(lb) 40
40
x
360
M
(lbft)
60
60
280
180

B
18 kipft
27 kipft
3 ft
x
7 ft

A
18 kipft
27 kipft
3 ft
5 ft
RA
Fy = 0: RA + RB = 0
MA = 0: RB(3 ft + 5 ft + 7 ft) 27 kipft 18 kipft = 0
5 ft
Solving gives
RA = 3 kip = 3 kip
RB = 3 kip
7 ft
RB

2
Pass a section through the beam at a point between the left end and the 27 kipft
moment couple.
x
B
A
18 kipft
27 kipft
3 ft
RA = 3 kip
5 ft
7 ft
0 < x < 3 ft
x
M
Fy = 0: 3 kip V = 0
Mx = 0: (3 kip)x + M = 0
V
RA = 3 kip
Solving gives
V = 3 kip
(1)
M = 3x kipft
(2)
RB = 3 kip

4
Pass a section through the beam at a point between the

27 kipft and 18 kipft moment couples.
x
B
A
18 kipft
27 kipft
RA = 3 kip
3 ft
5 ft
7 ft
RB = 3 kip
3 ft < x < 8 ft
Fy = 0: 3 kip V = 0
x
+
27 kipft
3 ft
RA = 3 kip
x 3 ft
Mx = 0: (3 kip)x 27 kipft + M = 0
Solving gives
V = 3 kip
(3)
M = (3x + 27) kipft
(4)

6
Pass a section through the beam at a point between the 18 kipft

moment couple and the right end of the beam.
x
B
A
18 kipft
27 kipft
3 ft
5 ft
7 ft
RB = 3 kip
RA = 3 kip
3 ft < x < 8 ft
+

Fy = 0: 3 kip V = 0
Mx = 0: (3 kip)x 27 kipft 18 kipft + M = 0
x
M
A
18 kipft
27 kipft
3 ft
RA = 3 kip
Solving gives
5 ft
V = 3 kip
(5)
M = (3x + 45) kipft
(6)

8

0 < x < 3 ft
V = 3 kip
M = 3x kipft
3 ft < x < 8 ft
V = 3 kip
M = (3x + 27) kipft
8 ft < x < 15 ft
V = 3 kip
M = (3x + 45) kipft
Ans.

9

B
A
18 kipft
27 kipft
3 ft
RA = 3 kip
5 ft
7 ft
RB = 3 kip
V
(kip)
21
M
(kipft)
18
3
x
9

5. Express the shear V and bending moment M in the horizontal portion ACDB of
the beam as functions of x, the distance from the left end of the beam to an
arbitrary point on the beam. Plot V and M versus x.
4 kip
4 kip
B
C
2 ft
x
4 ft
2 ft

4 kip
2 ft
Fy = 0: RA 4 kip 4 kip + RB = 0
4 kip
MA = 0: (4 kip)(2 ft) (4 kip)(10 ft)
2 ft
+ RB(12 ft) = 0
A
RA
B
2 ft
2 ft
4 ft
2 ft
2 ft
Solving gives
RA = 4 kip
RB
RB = 4 kip

2
Pass a section through the beam at a point between the left end and the attachment point for the first arm.
4 kip
4 kip
x
B
2 ft
2 ft
4 ft
2 ft
2 ft
RB = 4 kip
RA = 4 kip
Draw a free-body diagram of the

portion of the beam to the left of the
section and find V and M at the
section. Note carefully that the 4-kip
force on the left arm does not act on
this free body.
Fy = 0: 4 kip V = 0
Mx = 0: (4 kip)x + M = 0
0 < x < 4 ft
Solving gives
A
x
RA = 4 kip
V = 4 kip
(1)
M = 4x kipft
(2)

Pass a section through the beam at a point between the attachment points of the two arms.
4 kip
4 kip
x
B
2 ft
2 ft
4 ft
2 ft
2 ft
RB = 4 kip
RA = 4 kip

the left of the section and find V and M at the section.
4 kip
Mx = 0: (4 kip)x + (4 kip)(x 4 ft + 2 ft) + M = 0
Solving gives
M
A
2 ft
2 ft
Fy = 0: 4 kip 4 kip V = 0
4 ft < x < 8 ft
x 4 ft
V=0
(3)
M = 8 kipft
(4)
V
RA = 4 kip

6
Pass a section through the beam at a point between the point

of attachment of the right arm and the right end of the beam.
4 kip
4 kip
x
B
2 ft
2 ft
4 ft
2 ft
2 ft
RB = 4 kip
RA = 4 kip

4 kip
Note that the 4-kip force on the right arm acts on the free
body.
Fy = 0: 4 kip 4 kip 4 kip V = 0
+
Mx = 0: (4 kip)x + (4 kip)(x 2 ft)
8 ft < x < 12 ft
4 kip
+ (4 kip)(x 10 ft) + M = 0
x
Solving gives
M
A
2 ft
RA = 4 kip
2 ft
4 ft
2 ft
V
x 10 ft
V = 4 kip
(5)
M = (4x + 48) kipft
(6)

9

0 < x < 4 ft
V = 4 kip
M = 4x kipft
4 ft < x < 8 ft
V = 0 kip
M = 8 kipft
8 ft < x < 12 ft V = 4 kip

M = 4(x 12) kipft
Ans.

4 kip
4 kip
A
2 ft
2 ft
4 ft
2 ft
2 ft
RB = 4 kip
RA = 4 kip
V
(kip)
11 Note that the jumps in the diagrams occur at the

attachment points of the arms, not at the points where
the 4-kip external loads act.
x
4
16
16
M
(kipft)
8

4 kN
8 kN
Hinge
C
A
B
2m
2m
2m
2m
x
4 kN
8 kN
Hinge
C
A
B
2m
RA
2m
2m
RC
RB
Fy = 0: RA + RB 4 kN 8 kN + RC = 0
2m
(1)
MA = 0: RB(2 m) (4 kN)(2 m + 2 m)
2 Two equations but three unknowns.

An additional equation is needed.
(8 kN)(2 m + 2 m + 2 m)
+ RC(2 m + 2 m + 2 m + 2 m) = 0
(2)

Pass a section through the beam at a point
immediately to the right of the hinge.
4 kN
8 kN
Hinge
2m
4
2m
Draw a free-body diagram of the portion of

the beam to the right of the section.
V
C
Because the section is next to a hinge,

the moment is known to be zero there
(that's what we mean by a "hinge").
2m
2m
RC
Write the equilibrium equation for the sum of moments about the hinge.
Mhinge = 0: (8 kN)(2 m) + Rc(2 m + 2 m) = 0
2m
8 kN
M=0
2m
(3)
Note that we don't use the equation Fy = 0, because this equation

would introduce an additional unknown, the shear V at the hinge.

8
Solving Eqs. 1-3 gives

RA = 8 kN = 8 kN
RB = 16 kN
RC = 4 kN
Pass a section through the beam at a point

between the left end and the reaction at B.
4 kN
8 kN
Hinge
A
B
2m
RB = 16 kN
2m
2m
RC = 4 kN
+
2m
RA = 8 kN
10 Draw a free-body diagram of the portion of the beam to

Fy = 0: 8 kN V = 0
Mx = 0: (8 kN)x + = 0
0<x<2m
Solving gives
A
V
RA = 8 kN
V = 8 kN
(4)
M = (8x) kNm
(5)

11 Pass a section through the beam at a point
between the the reaction at B and the hinge.
8 kN
4 kN
Hinge
x
A
B
2m
2m
RB = 16 kN
RA = 8 kN
2m
2m
RC = 4 kN
2m<x<4m
A
B
2 ft
RA = 8 kN
RB = 16 kN
Fy = 0: 8 kN + 16 kN V = 0
Mx = 0: (8 kN)x (16 kN)(x 2 m) + M = 0

Solving gives
V = 8 kN
(6)
M = (8x 32) kNm
(7)
valid for 2 m < x < 4 m.

13 Pass a section through the beam at a point
between the hinge and the 8-kN force.
x
4 kN
8 kN
Hinge
B
2m
RA = 8 kN
2m
RB = 16 kN
2m
2m
RC = 4 kN
4m<x<6m
Fy = 0: 8 kN + 16 kN 4 kN V = 0

Mx = 0: (8 kN)x (16 kN)(x 2 m)

+ (4 kN)(x 4 m) + M = 0
4 kN
x
Solving gives
Hinge
A
B
2m
RA = 8 kN
2m
RB = 16 kN
V = 4 kN
(8)
M = (4x 16) kNm
(9)

15 Pass a section through the beam at a point between
the 8-kN force and end C of the beam.
4 kN
8 kN
x
Hinge
A
C
B
2m
RA = 8 kN
2m
RB = 16 kN
2m
2m
RC = 4 kN
6m<x<8m
Fy = 0: 8 kN + 16 kN 4 kN
8 kN V = 0
16 Draw a free-body diagram of the portion of the beam to the

left of the section and find V and M at the section.
4 kN
8 kN
Hinge
Solving gives
A
B
V
2m
RA = 8 kN
2m
RB = 16 kN
Mx = 0: (8 kN)x (16 kN)(x 2 m)

+ (4 kN)(x 4 m)
+ (8 kN)(x 6 m) + M = 0
2m
V = 4 kN
(10)
M = (4x + 32) kNm
(11)

17 Collect the results from Eqs. 4-11:
0<x<2m
V = 8 kN
M = 8x kNm
2m<x<4m
V = 8 kN
M = (8x 32) kNm
Ans.
4m<x<6m
V = 4 kN
M = (4x 16) kNm
6m<x<8m
V = 4 kN
M = (4x + 32) kNm

4 kN
8 kN
Hinge
x
A
B
2m
RA = 8 kN
V
(kN)
2m
RB = 16 kN
2m
2m
RC = 4 kN
8
4
x
4
M
(kNm)
16

20 kip
4 kip/ft
Hinge
B
A
5 ft
5 ft
8 ft
x
20 kip
5 ft
5 ft
Hinge
A
8 ft
= 4 ft
2
Resultant = (4 kip/ft)(8 ft) = 32 kip
MA
2
RA
8 ft
A couple moment must always be

included at a built-in end of a beam.
RB
+
Fy = 0: RA 20 kip 32 kip + RB = 0
(1)
MA = 0: MA (20 kip)(5 ft) (32 kip)(5 ft + 5 ft + 4 ft)
3 Two equations but three unknowns.

An additional equation is needed.
+ RB(5 ft + 5 ft + 8 ft) = 0
(2)

Pass a section through the beam at a point immediately to the right of the hinge.
8 ft
= 4 ft
2
20 kip
Resultant = (4 kip/ft)(8 ft) = 32 kip
Hinge
A
MA
B
5 ft
5 ft
8 ft
RA
5
RB
Draw a free-body diagram of the portion of

the beam to the right of the section.
Because the section is next to a hinge,

the moment is known to be zero there
(that's what we mean by a "hinge").
4 ft
M=0
B
V
7 Write the equilibrium equation for the sum of moments about the hinge.
+
Mhinge = 0: (32 kip)(4 ft) + RB(8 ft) = 0
Resultant = 32 kip
(3)
Note that we don't use the equation Fy = 0, because this equation

would introduce an additional unknown, the shear V at the hinge.
8 ft
RB

9
Solving Eqs. 1-3 gives

RA = 36 kip
RB = 16 kip
MA = 260 kipft

the left end and the 20-kip force.
20 kip
x
Hinge
MA = 260 kipft
4 kip/ft
A
5 ft
5 ft
8 ft
RA = 36 kip
RB = 16 kip
+
0 < x < 5 ft
Fy = 0: 36 kip V = 0
Solving gives
MA = 260 kipft
M
A
x
RA = 36 kip
Mx = 0: 260 kipft (36 kip)x + M = 0

V = 36 kip
(4)
M = (36x 260) kipft
(5)

the 20-kip force and the hinge.
20 kip
4 kip/ft
x
MA = 260 kipft
Hinge
B
A
5 ft
5 ft
8 ft
RA = 36 kip
RB = 16 kip
5 ft < x < 10 ft
+
20 kip
MA = 260 kipft
Fy = 0: 36 kip 20 kip V = 0
Mx = 0: 260 kipft (36 kip)x + 20 kip(x 5 ft) + M = 0
M
Solving gives
A
5 ft
V
x
RA = 36 kip
V = 16 kip
(6)
M = (16x 160) kipft
(7)

the hinge and the right end of the beam.
20 kip
x
4 kip/ft
Hinge
MA = 260 kipft
A
5 ft
5 ft
8 ft
RB = 16 kip
RA = 36 kip
+
10 ft < x < 18 ft
Fy = 0: 36 kip 20 kip

MA = 260 kipft
+ (4 kip/ft)(x 10 ft)( x 10 ft )
2
+M=0
M
Hinge
A
5 ft
5 ft
x
RA = 36 kip
Mx = 0: 260 kipft (36 kip)x + 20 kip(x 5 ft)
20 kip
(4 kip/ft)(x 10 ft) V = 0
Resultant = (4 kip/ft)(x 10 ft)

x 10 ft
2
Solving gives
V = 4x + 56 kip
(8)
M = (2x2 + 56x 360) kipft
(9)

0 < x < 5 ft
V = 36 kip
M = (36x 260) kipft
5 ft < x < 10 ft
V = 16 kip
M = (16x 160) kipft
10 ft < x < 18 ft V = (4x + 56) kip

M = (2x2 + 56x 360) kipft
Ans.

x
MA = 260 kipft
20 kip
4 kip/ft
Hinge
B
A
5 ft
5 ft
8 ft
RB = 16 kip
RA = 36 kip
36
36
V
(kN)
16
16
32
16
x
M
(kNm)
80
260

4 kN/m
2 kN/m
A
x
1
6m
6m

2 kN/m
2 kN/m
B
A
6m
6m
RA
RB
Replace the trapezoidal distributed load by the sum of a rectangular and triangular load.

4
Resultant of rectangular load
Resultant of triangular load

1
(12 m)(2 kN/m)
2
= (12 m)(2 kN/m)
= 24 kN
= 12 kN
12 m
5
B
1 (6 m + 6 m) = 4 m
3
(acts through centroid of triangle)
A
6m
Fy = 0: RA 24 kN 12 kN + RB = 0
MA = 0: (12 kN)(2 m) + RB(6 m) = 0
RA = 32 kN
RB = 4 kN
6m
RA
Solving gives
2 kN/m
12 m
2 kN/m
RB
6m4m=2m

7
Pass a section through the beam at a point between the left end
and the support at A.
x
4 kN/m
2 kN/m
A
6m
6m
RA = 32 kN
0<x<6m
RB = 4 kN

of the section and solve for V and M.
2 kN/m
w = distributed load (kN/m) at location x
M
x
V

9
Before we can solve for V and M, we have to express w as a function of x. This can be done
by noting that w is a linear function of x and then using the slope-intercept equation for a line.
w
(0, 2 kN/m)
(12 m, 4 kN/m)
(x, w)
Slope
x
Intercept
w = mx + b
4 kN/m 2 kN/m
x + 2 kN/m
12 m 0
x
=
+2
(1)
6
=
10 Now the distributed load on the free-body of length x can be

replaced by the resultant of a rectangular and triangular load.
11 Resultant of rectangular load
Free-body diagram
= (2 kN/m)x
w2
2 kN/m
x
2
=
x
3
M
x
x
V
12 Resultant of triangular load
x
(w 2)
2

+
Fy = 0: (2 kN/m)x x (w 2) V = 0
2
Mx = 0: (2 kN/m)(x)( x ) + [ x (w 2)( x )] + M = 0
3
2
2
13
Replacing w in these equations by w = (x/6) + 2 from

Eq. 1 and solving gives
2
V = ( x 2x) kN
12
3
M = ( x x2) kNm
36
(2)
(3)

the support at A and the support at B.
x
4 kN/m
2 kN/m
A
6m
6m
RA = 32 kN
6 m < x < 12 m
RB = 4 kN

15 Free-body diagram
w(x)
2 kN/m
M
A
6m
x6m
RA = 32 kN
6 m < x < 12 m
16 We can save some work if we note that this free-body diagram is identical to the
previous one except that an additional vertical force of 32 kN is present. This
increases the shear in Eq. 2 by 32 kN and the moment in Eq. 3 by (32 kN)(x 6 m) so
2
V = ( x 2x + 32) kN
12
x3
M= (
x2 + 32x 192) kNm
36
(4)
(5)

0<x<6m
V = ( 1 x2 2x) kN
12
M = ( 1 x3 x2) kNm
36
6 m < x < 12 m
V = ( 1 x2 2x + 32) kN
12
M = ( 1 x3 x2 + 32x 192) kNm
36
Ans.

x
2 kN/m
4 kN/m
6m
6m
RA = 32 kN
V
(kN)
RA = 4 kN
17
4
15
2.03
x
M
(kNm)
42

Shear Force and Bending Moments

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Shear Force and Bending Moments

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8.

2 Shear and Bending-Moment Diagrams: Equation Form

8.2 Shear and Bending-Moment Diagrams: Equation Form Example 1, page 1 of 6

Draw a free-body diagram and find the reactions.

8.2 Shear and Bending-Moment Diagrams: Equation Form Example 1, page 2 of 6

Draw a free-body diagram of the portion of the beam to the left

M (sign convention: M positive counterclockwise, on right end of section)

V (sign convention: V positive down, on right end of section)

8.2 Shear and Bending-Moment Diagrams: Equation Form Example 1, page 3 of 6

Draw a free-body diagram of the portion of the beam to the left

Mx = 0: (10 kip)x + (9 kip)(x 3 ft) + M = 0

valid for 3 ft < x < 8 ft.

8.2 Shear and Bending-Moment Diagrams: Equation Form Example 1, page 4 of 6

Fy = 0: 10 kip 9 kip 6 kip V = 0

Mx = 0: (10 kip)x + (9 kip)(x 3 ft)

M = (5x + 75) kipft

valid for 8 ft < x < 15 ft.

8.2 Shear and Bending-Moment Diagrams: Equation Form Example 1, page 5 of 6

Collect the results from Eqs. 1-6:

8.2 Shear and Bending-Moment Diagrams: Equation Form Example 1, page 6 of 6

Plot V and M versus x.

8.2 Shear and Bending-Moment Diagrams: Equation Form Example 2, page 1 of 3

A couple-moment reaction must always be

8.2 Shear and Bending-Moment Diagrams: Equation Form Example 2, page 2 of 3

Pass a section through the beam at an arbitrary point (located by x)

Draw a free-body diagram of the portion of the beam to the left

M = (x2 + 28x 176) Nm

valid for 0 < x < 14 m.

8.2 Shear and Bending-Moment Diagrams: Equation Form Example 2, page 3 of 3

Plot V and M versus x.

8.2 Shear and Bending-Moment Diagrams: Equation Form Example 3, page 1 of 6

Draw a free-body diagram and find the reactions.

Resultant = (10 lb/ft)(10 ft) = 100 lb

8.2 Shear and Bending-Moment Diagrams: Equation Form Example 3, page 2 of 6

Draw a free-body diagram and find the reactions.

valid for 0 < x < 7 ft.

8.2 Shear and Bending-Moment Diagrams: Equation Form Example 3, page 3 of 6

Pass a section through the beam at a point between the

Resultant = (10 lb/ft)(x 7 ft)

Draw a free-body diagram of the portion of the beam to

Fy = 0: 40 lb (10 lb/ft)(x 7 ft) V = 0

Mx = 0: (40 lb)x + [(10 lb/ft)(x 7 ft)]

M= (5x2 + 110x 245) lbft

valid for 7 ft < x < 17 ft.

8.2 Shear and Bending-Moment Diagrams: Equation Form Example 3, page 4 of 6

Draw a free-body diagram of the portion of the beam to the left

8.2 Shear and Bending-Moment Diagrams: Equation Form Example 3, page 5 of 6

MA = 0: (40 lb)x + (100 lb)[(x 17 ft) + 5 ft] + M = 0

M = (60x + 1200) lbft

valid for 17 ft < x < 20 ft.

Collect the results from Eqs. 1-6:

+ 110x 245) lbft

8.2 Shear and Bending-Moment Diagrams: Equation Form Example 3, page 6 of 6

8.2 Shear and Bending-Moment Diagrams: Equation Form Example 4, page 1 of 6

Draw a free-body diagram and find the reactions.

8.2 Shear and Bending-Moment Diagrams: Equation Form Example 4, page 2 of 6

valid for 0 < x < 3 ft.

8.2 Shear and Bending-Moment Diagrams: Equation Form Example 4, page 3 of 6

Pass a section through the beam at a point between the

M = (3x + 27) kipft

valid for 3 ft < x < 8 ft.

8.2 Shear and Bending-Moment Diagrams: Equation Form Example 4, page 4 of 6

Pass a section through the beam at a point between the 18 kipft