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Model 5

TALYRO
Hi.

Operating Instructions
#-6*&
5 -

3/1 - 2 i i
/A/
THE R A N K O R G A N I S A T I O N

R A N K TAYLOR

HOBSON

LEICESTER, ENGLAND
Telephone: Leicester 23801

DIVISION
Telex: 34533

~Pa.o,e !
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Contents
Part 1 INTRODUCTION

Page
The Model 51

System of Numbering the Illustrations

The 'Talyrond' Instrument:


Principle

Brief Description
Specification

Part 2 MANIPULATION
Mechanical Controls
Electrical Controls

Table of Magnifications
Centring the Specimen
Shape and Positioning of the Stylus
Orientation of Graph relative to Specimen
Effects of Magnetism
Step-by-step Use of Controls
Stylus Stop Attachment

13

11
13

15
16
17

,17
18

Shoulder Attachment

19

Measurement of Eccentricity ..

20

Part 3 FILTERS
Use of Filters

22

Table of Filter Transmissions

22

Part 4 SUMMARY OF PERIODIC CHECKS

Pick-up Balance
..
..
Magnification ..
Test for Roundness of Spindle

..

..

... \ *\

23
23
23

Part 5 PERIODIC INSPECTION AND ADJUSTMENT


26

Power and Filter Unit

Amplifier

26

Adjustment of Pick-up Balance


Adjustment of Magnification

30

Recorder Pen Force

31

Recorder Pen Marking

33

31

Squaring-on of Table
Assembly and Removal of Spir.dle ..
Lubrication of Spindle

33
33
35

Part 6 MAINTENANCE
Service Instructions
LubricationGeneral

40

Cleaning of Spindle and Pick-up Contacts

40

Removal of Work Table

41

Part 7 CODE NUMBERS

42

Part 8 ACCESSORIES

43

40

Page Two

...

..'.

.-

Part 1 Introduction
Model 51 Talyrond
THE Model 51 Talyrond' is a robust and
compact instrument, precision built and equally
suitable for use in the standards room or the

production workshop. This instrument, the smallest

in the series of Talyronds', has been developed


primarily for the inspection of the smaller type of
component, such as balls and rollers, ball and
roller races, pistons, cylinders, etc.
For large capacity work such as crankshafts and

cylinder blocks, the Model 2 'Talyrond' is


available.

The accuracy of measurement is within the


accuracy of the spindle (see specification) but the
overall degree of instrument stability likely to be
experienced during a series of recordings will of
course be affected to some extent by the environ
mental conditions. For this reason the site for

installation should be chosen carefully with


draughts and excessive vibration in particular to be
avoided.

System of Numbering the Illustrations


The illustrations and diagrams are numbered
'decimally', the portion of the number preceding
the point indicating the Part of the book, and the
portion following the point indicating the number
in the Part.
The units into which the instrument can be

divided are given reference letters as shown below:


Base
Motor Unit
Work Table
Column
Head

A
B
C
D
E

Spindle
Pick-ip

F
G

Recorder Unit
Power and Filter Unit

H
J

Amplifier Unit

Shoulder Attachment

Stylus Stop Attachment

Details within each unit are given reference


numbers which will always be attached to the

reference letter of the unit, making together a


composite symbol for the item. Generally, the
smaller numbers will be allocated to the main

elements of a unit, and larger numbers to the


smaller details. The symbol for the component

will, where necessary, be followed by the number


of the illustration.

The 'Talyrond' Instrument


Principle

The principle of the 'Talyrond' is shown in


skeleton form in Fig 1.1 which will be largely selfexplanatory.
The part W to be measured is mounted, with its
axis vertical, on the table C. It remains stationary
during the measurement.
Above the part is a precision spindle F carried
Page Three

with its axis vertical in a head E mounted on the

top of the column D. Adjustments are provided


for bringing the axis of the spindle accurately into
line with the nominal axis of the part.
The lower end of the spindle carries an electric
gauge head G (known as the Pick-up) which is
radially adjustable so that its stylus can be brought
into contact with the surface of the part.
The spindle is slowly rotated by a geared motor
in the head so that the stylus can trace the vari
ations in the radius of the part.
The Pick-up is connected via the Amplifier to an
indicating meter E6 (Fig. 1.6) and also to the
Recorder H, a pen with radial movement marking
on a circular chart HI. The chart is geared to run
in synchronism with the spindle.

If the work is truly round and is perfectly


centred to the axis of the spindle, there will be no

radial change in the position of the stylus as it


rotates round the work, and the graph will plot as
a circle concentric with the hole in the paper as
shown in Fig. 1.4.

If the work is truly round but not quite centred


to the spindle, the graph will be plotted eccen
trically; but it will still be substantially circular in
form (provided the eccentricity is not excessive) as
shown in Fig. 1.5.
If the part is not truly round, that is if there is no
point within it from which it has a constant radius,

the radial variations from place to place will be


plotted on a greatly enlarged scale, as already
shown in Fig. 1.3.
It will be seen that the resulting graph does not

In use, the part is first centred to the axis of the


spindle as well as possible by movement of the
table C by lateral and transverse controls, CI and

show the shape of the part on an enlarged scale,

C2. Fine adjustment is provided by movement of

distinction, together with other properties of polar

the spindle by micrometers El and E2, correct


setting being achieved when the oscillations of the

graphs of errors in roundness, is discussed more

indicating meter are as small as possible.


The output from the Amplifier is then switched
to the Recorder and a graphic representation of the
variations in the radius of the part is obtained.
Geometrically, the graph shows, on a greatly
enlarged scale the variations in the radius of a

cross section of the part measured from the point


where the axis of the spindle intersects the cross
section. But there are other ways of visualizing the
action which are perhaps easier to grasp. One can,
for example, visualize a perfectly true ring gauge.
so positioned and of such diameter that it just
surrounds the part without touching it, as shown
in Fig. 1.2. Then the 'Talyrond' graph may be
deemed to show the variations in clearance between

the gauge and the part, plotted on a greatly


enlarged radial scale, as shown in Fig. 1.3. The
actual diameter of the imaginary ring gauge, and
the circle chosen to represent it on the graph does
not matter, as it is only the changes in clearance
that are taken into consideration.

In the case of a hole, one would visualize a plug


gauge as providing the base circle from which the
radial changes arc plotted.
In

the instrument itself, the centre of the

but only the departures from true roundness. This

fully in a separate publication.


The radial ordinates are printed on the chart,
and the 1/10 in. (metric paper 2 mm) divisions
along them will often provide a convenient radial
scale; but to allow for slight residual imperfections
of centring, the circular ordinates are printed on a
separate transparent template under which graph
can be floated about until a best fit is obtained.

It is possible by use of the Reference Computer


(see also, page 43) to superpose on the profile
graph a reference line based on the principle of
'least squares'a principle often used in statistical
work to provide a mean line for a fluctuating
quantity. This has the advantage of saving time
and uncertainty.
Diametrically opposite points on the specimen
are represented by diametrically opposite points on
the graph, taking the hole as centre, regardless of
the eccentricity of the graph to the hole.
All 'Talyrond' roundness graphs, whether of
holes or shafts, are plotted so that an increase in
the radius of the part results in an increase in the
radius of the graph. Metal is therefore represented
on the outside of the graph of a hole and on the
inside of the graph of a shaft.
The enormous scale of enlargement often used

imaginary gauge is the axis of the spindle, and the


surface of the gauge is represented by the circular
path that would be traced by the stylus if it were
clamped relative to the body of the Pick-up. The
process of centring the part represents the
imaginary operation of positioning the gauge so

needs to be appreciated. For example, a change of


0-0001 in. (2.5um) in the radius of the part may be

that it surrounds the part as evenly as possible.

was published in June. 1964.

Page Four

represented by a change of 1 in. (25 mm) in that of


the graph (

10,000 magnification).

Methods of assessing the variations numerically


are described in the British Standard 3730 which

Fig 1-2
CONSTANT RADIUS,
OF GAUGE
VARYING RADIUS
OF PART

RADIAL
CLEARANCE

PART

RING GAUGE

CIRCLE ON GRAPH PAPER


REPRESENTING RING GAUGE

Fig 1-3

GRAPH

RADIAL CLEARANCE
ON GREATLY
ENLARGED SCALE

Page Five

Fig 1-4

Fig 1-5

Page Six

Brief Description
The Model 51 'Talyrond', shown in Figs. 1.1
and 1.6, comprises a vertical column D mounted
on a shallow base A. The front face of the column

comprises a vertical slideway carrying a knee on


the top of which is the work table C designed to
carry a maximum load of 150 lb (68 kg). The
head E carrying the spindle F and pick-up G is
secured to the top face of the column and houses
the motor and gear box providing a two-speed
drive to the spindle. A speed of 35 r.p.m. enables
the set up operations to be quickly effected
followed by recording at 3 r.p.m.
The pick-up is fitted with a variety of stylus arms
for use according to the application. A small
reversible electric motor controlled by buttons
E3 and E4 is built into the pick-up to provide fine
radial adjustment during rotation of the spindle.
Power to the pick-up coils and the motor is taken
through slip rings in the spindle head (Fig. 5.11.
page 37).
The pick-up is connected to the amplifier K, the
output of which is used to operate the centring
meter E6, and the recorder H. The chart paper is
driven by a friction clutch controlled by lever H2,

The lever E7 provides control both of the gear


box and of the marking pen on the recorder.
Manual rotation of the spindle is by means of the
handwhecl E8 when the lever E7 is in the neutral

position.

Coarse centring adjustments are provided by


controls CI and C2 on the work table C.

Fine centring adjustments are applied to the


spindle quill by micrometers El and E2.
The part is adjusted vertically relative to the
stylus by movement of the knee up and down the
front face of the column. Elevation is controlled

by handwheel C3.

The power supplies and filter units which can be


switched into circuit when required are housed in
the unit J containing a master mains switch Jl.

rotation being synchronized with the spindle by


helical gearing.

Fig 1-6
Page Seven

Specification
Spindle^Accuracy

The spindle is tested at a uniform temperature between 66and 70''F., in a situation free from draughts.
Its accuracy is such"that in 95 per cent, of the tests made of a truly round test specimen, the maximum
departure of the trace from a true mean circle does not exceed one millionth of an inch (0,025 ;xm).
Measuring Capacity

The range of components capable of being measured on this instrument is as follows:


External diameters
Internal diameters

Up to 14 in. (350 mm)


Up to 14 in. (350 mm)

Maximum height

16 in. (406 mm)

Maximum recommended load on work table

..

..

..

..

..

150 lb (68 kg)

Basic DimensionsInstrument

64 in. (1625 mm)

Overall height
Overall width

,,

.
..

Depth
Dimensions of work table

Distance from face of guide rail to axis of spindle


..
..
..
Tlorizontal movement of work table in any direction relative to spindle
Vertical movement of work table

19 in. (482
..
37 in. (940
14 in. widex 15V in.
(370 mm x 400

..
..

mm)
mm)
deep
mm)

8 in. (203 mm)


01 in. (2,54 mm)
16 in. (406 mm)

Height of work table surface from floor level


Weight of instrument

26 in. to 36 in. (660 mm to 914 mm)


v Approx. 7i cwt (381 kg)

Basic Dimensions'Masterform' Instrument Desk

46 in. (1170 mm)


30 in. (760 mm)
30 in. (760 mm)
200 lb (90 kg)

Overall width

Overall height
Overall depth
Weight ..

Electrical Supply

50 cycles

60 cycles

Instruments can be supplied for operation on


either 200/250 volts 50 cycle single phase OR
105/115 volts 60 cycle single phase.

Filter Unit..

220-230V

110V

Amplifier ..

220-230V

110V

Voltage Regulator

Normally voltage tappings will be set at the


factory according to the destination of the instru
ment, but settings should be verified on installation

To ensure accuracy of readings it is essential to


maintain the supply voltage to the amplifier and
filter unit at a constant level within 3 volts. To

avoid mains voltage fluctuations adversely affect


ing the instrument the voltage regulator is

of the instrument. Users of 60-cycles instruments

are particularly recommended to check the


regulator output voltage before setting these
tappings.

connected between the mains and the input socket


of the filter unit.

The filter unit and amplifier each contain a


selector panel which must be set as follows,

irrespective of the voltage input to the regulator.

Fuse Values

Details of fuse values and key voltages useful in


the event of breakdown are given in Part 5.

Page Eight

.L . . .

.-.....-

Part 2 Manipulation
Mechanical Controls

Work Table C (Fig. 2.1)


1. The work table is mounted on three half

balls providing a friction slide for movement


relative to the knee. Two coarse centring controls

CI and C2 provide screw adjustment of the table


through a movement of 0T0 in. (2,5 mm) from
a mean position. Each control has a zero mark to
indicate this position.
2. The knee and table are elevated by means of
hand wheel C3.

The spigot hole of 1-000 in. (25,4 mm)dia. in the


table is concentric to the axis of the spindle

within -005 in. (0,125 mm) when all the controls


CI, C2, El and E2 are set at their mid positions.
Circles, scribed in the surface of the table, assist
in component location when the use of the spigot
hole is impracticable.
H2

H3

Head E (Figs. 2.1 and 2.2)


3. The micrometers El and E2 provide fine

centring adjustment. They tilt two plates which are


hinged at right angles and form a vee in which the
spindle quill is located, thus displacing the whole
spindle parallel to itself. Each knob provides a
total range of about -02 in. (0,5 mm) movement
of the spindle and has a zero mark to indicate the
middle of the range. El provides fore and aft and
E2 lateral movement of the spindle, clockwise
rotation of the knobs moving the spindle forwards

(away from the column) and to the left respectively.


4. The lever E7 has a dual purposeto provide

selection of spindle speed and to control operation


of the recorder pen. Rotational movement of the
lever in a vertical plane provides selection of either
the centring speed of 35 r.p.m. in the uppermost
position or the recording speed of 3 r.p.m. at the

H6

Fig 2-1

Page Nine

lowest position. When in mid-position the gearbox

is set in neutral. The second function of the lever,

to the lower end of the spindle. The position of the


pick-up along the rail is controlled by means of the

the electrical controls.

coarse radial adjustment knob Gl. The pick-up


is clamped to the slide rail by the clamp knob G2.

i.e., control ofthe recorder pen, is discussed among


With the lever E7 set in the neutral position,
manual operation of the spindle is provided by

The fine radial adjustment knob G3 controls

rotation of handWheel E8. The handwheel is


permanently linked to the gearbox and will rotate

member within the pick-up. This adjustment has a

the position of the pivoted stylus arm locating

total range of-006 in. (0,15 mm) multiplied by the

whenever the spindle rotates.

length of the stylus arm. Its limits of motion are

5. The ball-ended lever H2 controls the paper


clutch on the recorder unit and is pulled forwards
for loading and unloading the paper.

shown by the white index spot G4, seen through


the window G5. This spot moves in a vertical

direction, downward movement corresponding


with movement of the stylus towards the axis of

Pick-up G (Figs. 2.2 and 2.3)

the spindle, and upward movement corresponding

6. The pick-up is carried on a slide rail attached

with movement of the stylus away from the axis of

Fig 2-2

. -

-:..

. _..

G10

G7

G9

G8

G6

Page Ten

._,.

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-ZTT-rrrucr.--*,-* -., _,,....I .,m^.

rr

--- ; :

- .

- "

the spindle. The fine radial adjustment may also

hole it may severely wrench the pick-up before

be operated electrically as described in the section


on electrical controls (page 12).
The stylus force knob G6 controls the amount
and direction of the force on the stylus, and is set

getting free. Care should therefore be taken to

towards s & ext for external and towards [NT

for internal surfaces. Generally i to 1 division


displacement from the position of zero force is
suitable for the 2\ in. (6,2 cm) and 5 in. (12,5 cm)

centre the hole first with the arm only just inside

its mouth, and to see that the arm is upright


before lowering the stylus far down the hole. The

pick-up should be rotated manually by the handwheel E8, and clearance watched as the stylus is
lowered down the hole.

stylus arms, while the whole of the available

amount is wanted for the 10 in. (25 cm) arm. The


whole force is rather much for the 2k in. (6,2 cm)
arm.

If the smallest possible force is required, it is


generally best to set up the specimen and centre
with excess force, then turn the force knob until

the stylus just parts company from the work (which


will be shown by the centring indicator flying off
the scale), and finally go back just enough to keep
the stylus in contact with the specimen.
7. The stylus arm is located in a vee crutch G7
by means of a spring G8. It is keyed against
rotation and endwise by a pin G9. This con
struction permits easy loading and withdrawal of
the stylus arm. The arm and locating member may
be pivoted about the hinge G10 for setting at any
desired angle. If the rotating stylus catches on the
specimen it will generally twist round and fall out
without harm, except when working far down a
small hole.

Special care is needed when working down a


small hole, for if the arm catches on the side of the

Electrical Controls

Voltage Regulator (not illustrated)


J. The input to the voltage regulator connects

directly to single phase mains supply which must


be of the voltage and frequency as specified on the
unit and for the instrument. The regulated output
voltage is connected to the power and filter unit.
When switched 'off', all circuits are dead. The

regulator may, however, be left 'on', and circuits

controlled by the mains switch Jl of the power


and filter unit. (See paras. 4 and 8 overleaf.)
Power and Filter Unit J (Fig. 1.6)
2. The double pole mains switch Jl serves this
unit and in addition the supply to the amplifier
and the spindle drive motor.
3. The knob J2 is used for switching in wave
filters to assist in the assessment of surfaces having
two groups of undulations in combination, where
one group tends to mask the other.
The switch will generally be used in the position
marked 'Normal*. In this position the filters are
inoperative and every movement of the stylus is
transmitted to the recorder.

G10

Fig 2-3
Page Eleven

In the other positions (A, B, C) different groups


of undulations are caused to have no effect on the

pen, the better to examine the remainder. But as


the use of the filter switch in any but the Normal

position represents a very specialized use of the


instrument, this switch is discussed separately in
Part 3. No attempt to use the switch in position

50, the actual value obtained depending both on

the position of the switch and on the length of the


stylus arm. Values for the three lengths of stylus
arm provided are given in the tables on page 14.
7. The knob K2 provides a fine adjustment of

the pen on the paper, its effectiveness increasing


with the magnification.

A, B or C should be made until Part 3 has been


Column D

read.

8. A double pole on-off switch for the driving

unit. It will normally be left in the 'on' position,


and the amplifier will be switched on from the

motor is provided on the left-hand side of the


column, adjacent to the input sockets connecting
the instrument to the power and filter unit. It is,
however, permissible to leave the motor running
and control the spindle rotation by means of the

master switch Jl.

lever E7.

5. The operation switch K4 is used in the


middle position for all recording. This position is

Head E (Figs. 2.1 and 2.2)

AmplifierUnit K (Fig. 1.6)

4. The double pole mains switch Kl serves the

amplifier and some sections of the power and filter

marked 'talyrond'. The position 'test' is used

only at intervals for checking the pick-up as des

9. The press buttons E3 and E4 control a small


motor in the pick-up unit G, the motor operating

cribed in Parts 4 and 5.

the fine radial adjustment. This adjustment is


needed because the operative range of movement

degrees ofamplification inthe ratios 1,2, 5, 10,20,

of the stylus is very small, corresponding to little

6. The magnification switch K3 provides six


0620" 062S- DIA. OF HOLE

CODE No. OF DURAL TUBE 5621/11561

Fig 2-4

187 "

131,

186 DtA.

135 DIA.

42/3749

Fig 2-6 .{^Fig 2-5


Code No. with

Standard Tip

K42/3746

K42/3747

K42/3748

2Hn.

5 in.

10 in.

Nominal Length

(6,2 cm)

(12,5 cm)

(25 cm)

l-OOim

3-50 in.

8-50 in.

(2,5 cm)

(8,9 cm)

(21,6 cm)

Where special tip is required, tube and cross pin only can be supplied.

PAPER LIMIT MARK5

Page Twelve

nanmnBaMMMM

more than the movement of the pen across the

A little practice will soon enable the operator to

paper. E3 moves the stylus in such a direction as to

achieve the desired sequence.

cause the centring indicator to move from right to


left, while E4 runs the motor in the opposite
direction and results in the indicator moving from
left to right. The motor is given two speeds
controlled by the switch E5, one ('fast') suitable
for initial control at low magnifications, the other
('slow') for use of high magnifications. Actually
the fast speed can be used quite well throughout
provided the operator is agile with the buttons,
and secures final control by a succession of taps
rather than by continuous depression.
The range of adjustment, both by knob G3 and
by the motor, is limited and is indicated by the
index spot G4. It will be found that in normal use
the index spot tends to fall as the sequence of
operations progresses for the reason that the midscale position shifts slightly as the magnification
is increased, and it will be necessary to screw the
fine adjustment back from time to time. This can
be done either with the knob G3 or with the
motor.

10. The centring meter E6 (see also Fig. 2.6)


has three divisions in its otherwise plain dial,
representing the middle and the two extremities of
the recording zone of the chart. The total range of
the pointer is, however, extended on both sides,
and this helps considerably when making pre
liminary centring adjustments.
11. The lever E7 has a dual purpose, providing
selection of spindle speed and control of the
recorder pen. The former purpose is described
among the mechanical controls. Lateral movement
of the lever operates switches controlling the
supply both to the pen unit rotor and the marking
potential on the pen. The two definite stages of
movement are readily felt, the first movement
bringing the pen on to the paper without the
marking potential. This enables a direct check to
be made to see that the pen is operating between
comfortable limits on the paper before the record
is made.
Further movement of the lever towards the head

operates a second switch and the supply to the pen


is made, thus producing a record on the paper.
The potential is 600 volts with a current (d.c.)
of 5mA.
Once the second movement of the lever has been
made and the trace commenced the lever is released

and allowed to return to its outward position under

spring loading. The trace will continue automati


cally for one complete cycle, after which the pen
current is broken and the pen moves off the paper.

A series of switches is also associated with the

movement of the lever E7 when used for speed


selection to prevent the supply to the pen for
marking purposes being applied other than when

the spindle is rotating at 3 r.p.m. At either speed,


however, the pen may be brought on the paper.
Table of Magnifications
'Magnification' is a one-word term for the scale
of enlargement of the errors considered in the
radial direction, and is the ratio of the movement

of the recording pen to that of the stylus.


The magnification varies according to the length
of the stylus arm and the setting of the magnifica
tion switchK3. Magnificationsfor the three lengths
of stylus arm supplied are given in the tables on
the next page.
Errors on the work are equal to the errors on the
chart divided by the magnification. For con
venience, the divisions both on the chart paper and
on the template are spaced 1/10 in. (metric paper
2 mm) apart, so that direct measurement of the

errors on the chart can readily be made. Stylus dis


placements represented by one division on the
paper are given in the tables on the next page.
It may be noted that -000,01 in. (0,25{x) is ap
proximately equal to the shift of one optical inter
ference fringe between an optical flat and a piece
being checked.
Stylus arm lengths (see page 15) are rated from

a pivot which is located inside the pick-up just


above the level of the cover plate. The actual length
of the removable part of the arm is therefore less
than the nominal length shown in the tables (see
Figs. 2.4 and 2.5).

The magnifications obtained when using the


shoulder attachment are the same as for the 5 in.

(12,5 cm) arm.

Centring the Specimen

In order to obtain a satisfactory graph the speci


men has to be centred relative to the spindle with
a degree of accuracy comparable with the error
in the specimen. It is to enable this degree of
accuracy to be secured without difficulty that both
coarse and fine adjustments have been provided.
The coarse adjustments CI and C2 are used in a
normal trial and error way, swinging the stylus
from one side to the other, noting the difference
and then moving the specimen half way. The cen
tring meter E6 is used as the indicator for these
settings.
Page Thirteen

The fine adjustments are used more quickly by


watching the oscillations of the centring meter as
the stylus rotates round the work at the centring
speed of 35 r.p.m. and adjusting for minimum

first and then afterwards the fore and aft. Readjust

swing.

the pick-up until the stylus engages the surface

More detailed procedure of these operations is

centrically with the surface. CI gives sideways and


C2 fore and aft movement.

It is found best to set the sideways adjustment


bringing the centring meter to mid scale, with the

given below.

amplifier at the lowest magnification (position 1).

Coarse Adjustment

Manually rotate the spindle by the handwheel E8


and observe the swing of the meter, and refine the
controls CI and C2 to reduce the swing to a

This first stage takes the course of positioning


the part on the work table with the surface to be
checked roughly concentric to the circles on it.

Radially adjust the pick-up so that the stylus will


rotate just clear of the surface. Adjust the table
controls CI and C2 till the stylus rotates con

minimum.

Note. As far as possible the spindle should be


turned only in the forward (anti-clockwise)
direction. Turned in the reverse direction the

spindle becomes stiff, and although a turn or

English Graph Paper

Magnification Switch Position


2

200

400

000,5"

000,25"

1,000
000,1"

2,000
000,05"

4,000
000,025"

10,000
000,01"

2\" ARM
1 DIV.
5" ARM

100

1 DIV.

001"

10" ARM

50
002"

1 DIV.

200

000,5"
100

500

000,2"
250

000,4"

001"

1,000
000,1"

.... 2,000
000,05"

5,000
000,02"

1,000
000,1"

2,500
000,04"

500

000,2"

la" (micro-inch) =000,001 in.


Metric Graph Paper

Magnification Switch Position


1

6,2 cm. ARM ..

200

400

1000

2 000

1 DIV.

10am

12,5 cm. ARM


1 DIV.
25 cm. ARM
1 DIV.

..

5am

2fun

100

200

500

20 am

lO^m

4am

lam

1000

50

100

250

500

40{xm

20am

8 (Am

4am

lam (micron) =0,001 mm.


Page Fourteen

2am

4 000

10 000

0,5am

0,2am

2 000

5 000

lam

0,4am

1000

2 500

2am

0,8 am

two will do no harm, continuous rotation should

puzzling to centre until experience has been ob

be avoided.

tained. For example, a part with a lump or flat on

A spigot hole of 1-000 in. (25,4 mm) dia. in the


table may be used as a location for centring fix
tures. The table is factory set to bring the axis of

the spigot hole in line with the axis of the spindle


within -005 in. (0,125 mm) when all the controls
CI, C2, El and E2 are set at their mid positions.

one side, but otherwise round, will produce curious

kicks on the indicator. An oval specimen, too, can


be misleading. In such cases it will pay to take a
trial graph when the cause of the trouble can at
once be seen, and if necessary a step-by-step refine
ment resorted to. It will be found that a faint trace,

sufficient for a trial, can be obtained on the back


Fine Adjustment

The second stage of adjustment is effected with


out reference to the direction in which adjustment

must be made. With the stylus in contact with the


work and the indicator E6 swinging within the

length of thescale (using thelowest magnification),


the spindle is run at 35 r.p.m. so that the centring
indicator swings rapidly from side to side. The
fine centring knobs El and E2 are then adjusted,
first one and then the other, until the oscillations

are as small as possible. It is not necessary to


think out which knob to turn or in which direction

of the graph paper. With a little practice, however,


cases of this kind will be recognized and the proper

way to interpret the indicator will be learned. For


example, oval shapes produce a double 'kick', and
one soon learns to judge when the 'kicks' on the
two sides are equal.

Shape and Positioning of the Stylus


The stylus arms provided will be found appli
cable to a wide range of internal and external
surfaces, but for special applications the user is
expected to make his own. The following notes

to turn it: one simply turns a knob and sees if it

are given for guidance in the choice, use and

makes matters better or worse. When the least

making of stylus arms.

swing possible with one knob has been obtained,


the other is tried similarly. It may then be found
that the first one, which may previously have
seemed rather insensitive, has become more criti
cal and permitsfurther improvement. Bya succes

sion of adjustments first of one knob and then of


the other, the best adjustment is soon found. It
generally pays to increase themagnification to the
value required in steps, checking the centring
(without necessarily refining it) at each step.

The arms provided include:

(1) 2\ in. (6,2 cm), 5in. (12,5 cm) and 10 in. (25 cm)
arms with tipsof \ in. (12,7 mm) radiusprotrud
ing 06 in. (1,5 mm) from the arm; these are
suitable for plain cylinders and cones, and will
enter holes down to f in. (9,6 mm) diameter.

(2) A 2\ in. (6,2 cm) arm with tips of -05 in. (1,3
mm) radius protruding 0-25 in. (6,3 mm)from
the arm; this is a general purpose ball-race arm,
suitable for the tracks of \ to \ in. (3,2 to 6,3

It is essential for the oscillatory method that the

mm) balls and serviceable for the tracks of

whole swing of thepointer should come within the


scale, andfor thisreason it generally pays to switch
to a low magnification every time a new specimen
is put on the table, even when successive parts are

(3) A 2\ in. (6,2 cm) arm with a tip of \ in. (6,3


mm) radius for use in small holes down to \ in.
(3,2 mm) diameter. Special care in setting-up

alike.

Some parts of irregular shape may be found

balls up to \ in. (12,7 mm) diameter.

is needed when using this arm, lest the pick-up


be damaged (see page 11).

oio"

Fig 2-7

ois' radius***

"

V4 -V2

RADIUS

Page Fifteen

!itii-iL^i*iuiulWtaiJiMWaflEWH!iag.g

When positioning the stylus arm in relation to

The aluminium tube from which the stylus arms


are produced can be purchased from RTH (Code
No. 5621/11561). Dimensions and essential lengths
are shown in Figs. 2.4 and 2.5.
The stylus is best given a hatchet shape as shown
in Fig. 2.7, although other forms may sometimes

the work, care must be taken to ensure that the

point of contact of the stylus with the work lies

within the radiused portion of the stylus tip. If


necessary, as in the case of cones and ball races
measured other than round the radial extremity of
the track, the stylus arm should be inclined to

have their uses.

A moderately sharp edge is desirable so as to


wipe away bits of fluff and dirt. At the same time
the included angle should be great enough to
enable the stylus to lift itself readily out of any
cracks or slots it may meet round the circumfer
ence. 90 is generally suitable.
In the axial plane, the stylus should have a suf
ficiently long radius of curvature to prevent it from
sinking into any circumferential scratch marks left

ensure this.

Materials for Stylus Tips


For most applications, stylus tips made from
hardened and polished silver steel will be found
satisfactory, but where tips are likely to be subject
to long and continuous use, tungsten carbide is
recommended as being a more suitable material.
Tungsten carbide tips are used on standard stylus
arms supplied.
For the measurement of highly polished sur
faces the use of a diamond tipped stylus may prove

by the machining process. A value of I to in.


(6,3 to 12,7 mm) is generally suitable for surfaces
with straight generators finished with an average
quality of grinding. If made much longer there
will be a danger that the stylus will sometimes be
used with its corner in engagement with the work,
and the corner will act as an obtuse point capable
of being misleadingly influenced by engagement

advantageous. We shall be pleased to advise on


their use.

Orientation of Graph relative to Specimen


The graph is plotted so that if laid over the work
as positioned on the table and in correct orienta
tion, there will be angular correspondence between
the irregularities on the specimen and their repre
sentation on the graph.

with the circumferential scratch marks.

For measuring round ball tracks and other


grooves, the radius must of course be less than
that of the track, and the relation between the
radius of the track and that of the stylus may call

The relative orientation can be marked in

for compromise. The radius of the stylus must be


sufficiently smaller than that of the track to make
the height adjustment not too critical, but at the

various ways. The best, which should be made


habitual, is to load the paper with the legend on it

same time it should be large enough to keep the

stylus out of the scratch marks. If the surface

moment when the stylus passes '6 o'clock' when


looking down on the specimen. For greater ac

finish remains constant, the theoretical require


ment is that the reciprocals of the radii should have
a constant difference depending on the finish; but

clutch released, and the motor drive then re

reading upright and then engage the clutch at the

curacy the driving motor may be disengaged and


the stylus adjusted to '6 o'clock' manually, the

80 per cent, of that of the track.


When testing parts of very small diameter, a

engaged. When the paper is taken out, '6 o'clock'


on the paper will correspond with that point on
the specimen which was at '6 o'clock' on the table,
if the specimen bears some suitable reference
mark (e.g., a part number), that mark may usefully

check should be made to see that the stylus is not

be turned to '6 o'clock' when the part is set up.

in practice finishes tend to improve as radii are


reduced, and a fair rule is to make the radius of the

stylus, in the axial plane, between 50 per cent, and '

Another method is to arrest the stylus against

excessively offset sideways. The effect of anyoffset

some noted point round the circumference, and


then with pen or pencil draw a radial line on the

is to reduce the effective value of the magnification

by the cosine of the angular offset.


Thus, if the offset happens to be as much as
03 in. (0,8 mm) and 5 per cent, loss of magnifica
tion is acceptable, parts down to about i36 in.
(4,8 mm) diameter can still be tested without much
concern. But for smaller parts the offset must be re
duced, whichin practice isdoneby carefully bending
the lower partof the stylusarm.Theoffsetcan gener

graph paper alongside the paper gate.


It may be noted that since the stylus rotates
relative to the work but the paper rotates relative
to the pen, the stylus and paper are made to rotate
in opposite directions in order to secure correct

angular correspondence of the features of the


graph and specimen when the graph is laid on the
specimen as it stood on the table.

ally bechecked well enough by visual observation.


Page Sixteen

ii iiiiniMi

iii i'i'm'iimn11'i nifli'iinTfrnrn

Effects of Magnetism

It is recommended that components found to be

magnetized should be demagnetized prior to


measurement on the Talyrond'. The presence of
a magnetic field around the Pick-up is detrimental
to its performance, the effect varying with the
strength of field and distance from the Pick-up.
Step-by-step Use of Controls (Figs. 1.6, 2.1, 2.2)
The operation sequence of the instrument takes
into account several important factors which con
tribute to the performance of the instrument and

the quality of the trace, particularly at maximum


magnification.
These factors are described in more detail below

the table is selected. The procedure is then as


follows:

1. Check that the lever E7 is in the neutral posi

tion. Switch on the power circuit at the following


units:

Voltage regulator
Power and filter unit (switch Jl)

Amplifier (switch Kl)


Motor switch (left-hand side of column)
2. Prepare the filter unit and amplifier:
Filter switch J2 to normal

Operation switch K4 to talyrond


Magnification switch K3 to position 1
Fine adjustment control K2 about central
Control unit plugged in
3. Set the coarse controls CI and C2 and fine

and are additional to essential requirements such

centring micrometers El and E2 to their mid

as siting so that the instrument is as free as pos

positions.

sible from floor vibration and draughts, etc.

(a) Allow a period of warm-up of approximately


15 minutes for all electrics, including con

tinuous running of the spindle drive motor,


before recording. This period should be in
creased to around one hour if a number of
traces are to be taken where relationship to
each other is to be studied, i.e., concentricity
and coaxiality checks.

(b) The spindlemust be allowed to rotate onecom

plete revolution at recording speed (3 r.p.m.)


before recording is begun on any surface of
which the generators are not parallel to the
axis at the point of stylus contact, e.g., conical
surfaces or shoulders, or the glass test speci
men. This allows for settlement of the oil film
on the thrust surface of the spindle which has

a tendency to reduce very slightly just afterthe

speed is dropped from the centring to the


recording speed. A trace initiated within one

4. Set the work piece on the table with any


reference mark nearest to the operator, i.e., at the
*6 o'clock' position.

5. Select a stylus arm of length suited to the size


of the work and the magnification required. The
shortest arm possible should normally be used.
Mount the arm vertically in the pick-up and set the

stylus knob G6 about half way towards s & ext.


6. Slack off clamp screw G2 and slide the pick

up far enough out for the stylus to clear the work


when the table is raised.

7. Raise the table by handwheel C3 to bring the


stylus to the work level.
8. Check that the fine adjustment indicator G4,
which tends to fall as the sequence of operations

progresses, is initially near the top of the window.


The indicator is controlled by the press buttons E3

and E4 (E3 raises, E4 lowers the indicator) or by


the knob G3 on the underside of the pick-up. Then

revolution will be drawn as a spiral.

rack in the pick-up until the stylus bears against


the specimen and the pointer of the centring

On surfaces parallel to the axis at the point


of stylus contact, e.g., cylindrical parts and

If the pointer moves outside the scale, restore by

ball races checked at the maximum diameter

of the outer, or minimum diameter of the inner


track, the instrument can be used without
waiting,

(c) Apply only the lightest pressure to the lever


(E7) when initiating the trace. Do not allow
the lever to 'crash' return to its outward stop

position; this can create vibration and a sub


sequent defect on the trace.

The following instruction summarizes the use of


the various controls in operation sequence. It will
first be assumed that, for convenience, an external

cylindrical part of simple shape that will stand on

meter E6 comes about central on the scale. Clamp.

means of press buttons E3 and E4.

9. Manually rotate the pick-up by handwheel


E8 and adjust controls CI and C2 to bring surface
concentric to the spindle rotation, observing the
centring meter.

10. Rotatespind'eat centring speed of 35 r.p.m.


and observe the meter oscillations. Adjust first one
and then the other of the centring knobs El and

E2, alternating from one to the other until the


meter swing is a minimum.

11. Turn magnification switch K.3 to a higher

position, say 3or4, and restore pointer to scale by


means of motorized radial control buttons E3 and
Page Seventeen

E4. E4 moves pointer to right, E3 to left. Use fast


radial speed (switch E5).
12. If necessary, refine the centring adjustment.

If residual oscillation is well within the paper-limit ^


marks on the scale (Fig. 2.6), step to an even

higher magnification and further refine the cen


tring. At high magnifications the radial adjustment
buttons are rather sensitive and are best operated,

after the pointer has flashed on to the scale, by a


succession of stabs of short duration. Use of the

slow radial speed will also help. The fine adjust


ment knob K2 on the amplifier may be used as
a trimmer.

13. The instrument is ready for recording when


the indicator is swinging fairly symmetrically about
the centre and comfortably within the paper-limit

marks, and when at the same time the amplitude of


swing is incapable of further improvement by
centring.

14. Reduce speed to 3 r.p.m.; then insert paper


in recorder. To do this, first pull the paper trigger
H2 forward, slip the paper behind the perspex

cover until its edge just reaches the stops H3 and


H4, and turn it so that the legend on it reads

upright. Finally release the trigger to engage the


drive just as the stylus passes '6 o'clock'.
15. Depress the lever E7 towards the head to
bring the pen on the paper. Check that it is swing

ing within the limits of the recording zone of the


paper. After one complete revolution at 3 r.p.m.,
fully depress the lever to supply the marking cur
rent. Release the lever and remove the hands com

pletely from the instrument. The marking will be

maintained for a complete revolution and then be


automatically tripped.

16. Remove the chart and enter details of com

ponent name, magnification (according to stylus


length andswitch position) and filter.

Stylus Stop Attachment (Fig. 2.8)


When the 'Talyrond' is used to measure the
roundness of interrupted surfaces such as splined
shafts orfuel injectors, the interruption of the path
of the stylus-may cause a shifting of the stylus arm

at the pivot hinge. This will result in distortion of


the graph. The stylus stop attachment is designed
to overcome this difficulty.

examination, the stylus will have only a limited

drop into any interruptions in the surface.


The stylus stopattachment is fitted to the instru
mentby slipping the tenon plate into the slot in the
end of the pick-up body and then clamping it by
means of the two socket grub screws Nl. The

eccentric stop N2 on the tenon plate should engage


the underside of the. pick-up.

In use, the stop screws N3 and N4 are first


screwed'back to leavethe stylus arm free. The work
is then set up in the normal way and a graph taken
at a convenient magnification. Note the general

shape of the graph. If the graph reveals ovality in


the part, rotate the spindle to position the stylus on
the major axis in the case of external measurement,
and on the minor axis in the case of internal

measurement. The particular axis can be readily


found if orientation of the chart paper relative to

the work piece has been observed (page 16).

By means of the fine adjustment buttons on the


head, or control on the amplifier, bring the needle
of the centring meter onto the mid-scale line.
Next, rotate the spindle until the stylus drops into

a groove nearest to the appropriate axis, at which


stage the meter needle will move offthe scale either

The attachment comprises two adjustable stop

to the left or right according to the direction of

screws carried in nylon bushes on a bracket which


is attached to the pick-up. A slot in the bracket

stylus stop screw bring the needle back to the

permits the stylus arm to pass freely through. Each


stop screw can be brought to bear on the stylus
arm in turn to limit its movement in such a way

that, while still free to bear on the surface under

measurement. By adjustment of the appropriate


nearest outer scale line. This setting allows for a

minimum requirement of half scale movement of


the stylus as it traverses a groove on or near the
axes described. The stylus is next moved backonto

Page Eighteen.

rfflOOCMS

^^wjawfflwat!yiUJV*^V^yS"?W^^

the periphery of the part and the position of the


pen adjusted so that the final graph is contained
within the recording zone of the chart.
For parts which are substantially round, the set
up procedure is as described above, ignoring, of
course, setting to any particular axis.
Note: Use of the normal hatchet shaped stylus on

The attachment comprises a vertical stylus rod


suspended on two parallel hinged links carried on
a bracket which is clamped to the end of the pick

up. One of the links acts as a lever which communi


cates the vertical movement of the stylus to the

mechanism of the pick-up. Upward movement of


the stylus causes the recorder pen to move out

an interrupted surface will generally reveal

wards across the chart paper.

maximum detail. Where interest lies solely in


assessment of the roundness of the part, a

spindle, there will be no displacement of the stylus

ball tipped stylus may be more appropriate.


When using the stylus stop attachment care
should be taken that the stylus arm does not foul
the work, since the arm is now less free to swing
out of the way and damage could result.

If the surface is flat and square to the axis of the


as it rotates over the surface and the graph will be
a circle concentric with the hole in the paper.
If the surface is flat but tilted, the graph will

still be substantially circular, but it will be drawn


eccentrically. The angle of tilt can be calculated
from the eccentricity by the formula:

Shoulder Attachment (Fig. 2.9)

The purpose of the shoulder attachment is to


communicate to the pick-up displacements occur
ring in a direction parallel to the axis of the spindle
thereby enabling measurement of the following:
(1) The flatness of a surface or shoulder
(2) The parallelism of two or more shoulders or
faces, and

(3) How nearly a surface is normal to the axis of


the spindledefined as 'squaring-on'.

tan 6 =

Ms

Where 0 = the tilt of the surface from the

'squared-on' position
E = eccentricity of the graph
M = magnification
r = radius traced by the stylus.

A more usual requirement, however, is to know


the amount of tilt in terms of gradient. This can be
found either by using direct rule measurement to

assess the position of the trace in the direction of


eccentricity relative to the hole in the paper, or,

by reference to the 1/10th in. (metric 2 mm) scale


divisions on the radial ordinates.

For example, Fig. 1.5 shows a circular trace


eccentric to graph paper by a total of 4 divisions,

readily checked by either method. Assuming the


stylus was rotated on a 4 inch (100 mm) diameter
circle at x 1000 magnification then the amount

of tilt, in terms of gradient, is given as being


00004 inches in4inches (0,01 mm in 100mm).
SPECIAL STYLUS M3

If the shoulder is not flat, the departure from


flatness will result in a corresponding lack of

roundness in the graph. For example, a slightly


FINE

adjustment M 4SCREW.

OVERLOAD

SPRING.

cylindrical shoulder will have two high and two


low points, and the graph will have an oval shape.
If the expected errors of flatness happen to be
smaller than the combined 'squaring-on' error of
the work table and the supporting surface of the
work, a surface is required which can be set accu

rately square to the axis of the spindle. The 'Com


bined 6-in. Centring and Levelling Table', available
as a 'Talyrond' accessory, provides this facilityREMOVABLE

STYLUS

ARM-

Fig 2-9

see Accessories, Part 8.

When checking the parallelism of two or more


shoulders, the stylus is first rotated over one
shoulder and a graph obtained. The table is then
Page Nineteen

raised or lowered, as the case may be, and the

checking of concentricity is contained in a separate

pick-up displaced to transfer the stylus to the other

instruction issued with the Centring and Levelling

shoulder. Relationship is then determined by a

table.

measure of the truth of the two graphs to each ._


other.

Magnifications

Magnifications are the same as for the 5 in.

The Caliper Stylus Arm (Fig. 2.10)


The caliper arm comprises two knuckle-jointed
arms which can be mounted together in the pick
up in place of the normal arm.

(127 mm) stylus arm. See page 14.


Assembly

The shoulder attachment is assembled, after

setting the stylus pressure knob G6 to s & ext, by


slipping the tenon plate into the slot in the end of
the pick-up body and then clamping by means of
the two socketgrub screws Ml. The eccentric stop
M2on the tenon plateshould engage the underside
of the pick-up.

The normal stylus arm is replaced by a special


shortened version M3 at one end of which is a flat

which engages the adjustment screw M4.

Stylus rods of any reasonable length may be


inserted into the holder M5 and clamped by M6.

Their ends may well be given the same hatchet


shape as is preferred for radial measurements,
although for their generally more limited use a
domed end will often suffice, the working pressure

being rather more than for radial measurements


and sufficient to take care of dirt.

Care should be taken to see that the stylus rod


does not foul the work, for although the rod holder

is pivoted so thatthe rod can swing out ofthe way,


unfailing protection cannot be guaranteed and
damage could result.
Measurement of Eccentricity

Errors of concentricity of diameters on one or

more planes can be measured ina number ofways,


depending on the type of part and the accuracy
required. Measurement on a single plane of the
inner and outer surfaces of a ring can be achieved

by transferring a single stylus arm from the inside

Fig 2-10

to the outside surface without disturbing the part,

but more conveniently by use of the caliper stylus

arm, Fig. 2.10. Both traces are preferably recorded


on the same chart.

Measurement in different planes of inner or

outer surfaces is achieved by using a single stylus

arm in conjunction with the vertical movement of


the table.

In use, the part is roughly centred and the two


styli are set so that the gap between them is very
slightly greater than the wall thickness ofthe part.

In this latter casethe use of the6-in.Centringand

Using the inside or the outside as a basis, setting

Levelling table becomes a necessity (see Acces


sories, Part 8). More detailed information on

a graph at a suitable magnification is obtained in

knob G6 accordingly, the centring is refined and

Page Twenty

nMtfWKfcg!

the usual way. Then, gently turning the knob G6


and taking care not to press on the pick-up in the
process, the opposite stylus is brought against the
part, the pen is re-positioned with the radius con
trol buttons E3 and E4, and a second graph is
taken on the same sheet of paper. There having
been no disturbances of the part relative to the
spindle, the two graphs will show the exact rela
tionship of the inner and outer surfaces. Generally
it will be best not to use too high a magnification
and to keep the graphs of the inner and outer sur

faces respectively on the inner and outer zones of


the paper.
The clearance between the two styli and the part
must be carefully set, for it must be great enough

to ensure that only one stylus at a time is func


tional but not so great as to come outside the
range of adjustment of the knob G6 and the but
tons E3 and E4. Generally the right clearance will
represent from half scale to full scale deflection of
the pen at lowest magnification (position I). A
convenient moment at which

to

finalize

the

clearance will be after the centring has been ad


justed as usual, on magnification position 1. The
knob G6 can then be turned back and forth and the

clearance set so that the centring indicator deflects


by the right amount.
The clearance is very easily set when the part is

a taper roller race, for in this case it is sufficient to


bring both styli into contact with the part and then

lower the work table until the desired clearance is


obtained.

Ball races can be treated similarly, a stylus


suitably shaped to engage the track having first
been fitted. If the measurement is to be made on the

zone of minimum wall thickness, the table can be

raised or lowered to expand the styli and then


returned to the working level.
Parallel sleeves offer no correspondingly simple
means for adjusting the gap and the user must rely
on a delicate touch, perhaps aided by a feeler gauge
(002 to -004 in. (0,05 to 0,10 mm) thick would
be generally suitable) for setting the required
clearance.

Transfer of Single Stylus Arm


When testing a ring-like part, it is often possible
to transfer the stylus from one side to the other by
first swinging it about its hinge into a more or less

horizontal position, then moving the pick-up in or


out as the case may be, and finally swinging the
stylus down again. Care must be taken to execute
the movements without pushing too hard on the
spindle.
This method, however, is limited by the size of
the bore, as this must permit the stylus to be hinged

to the horizontal position. In some cases this may


not be possible without lowering the work table
and this may immediately result in an appreciable
error and the method is hardly to be recommended.

Page Twenty-one

Part 3 Filters
Use of Filters

A part such as is shown in Fig. 3.1 is seen to have


a generally irregular shape of considerable magni
tude and, in addition, there are traces of a small

irregularity occurring more frequently. In some


cases, for example noise in ball races, these small
irregularities may be of great importance, for the
amplitude of vibration required to produce a
sound of given loudness generally decreases rapidly
as the pitch of the note is raised.
In its normal state, the 'Talyrond' gives, for each
position of the magnification switch K3, the same
radial magnification for all undulations regardless
of their angular crest spacing. Any attempt to

study the details of such a graph as is shown in


Fig. 3.1 simply by increasing the magnification at
once leads to trouble as the graph keeps running
off the paper. The practical solution is to switch
into the circuit an electric wave filter which has no

Fig 3-1

effect on the undulations it is desired to study but

which greatly reduces the magnification of those


that are to be ignored. In this way the details of
the surface can be examined at a high magnifica
tion while keeping all of them on the paper.
The converse is also possible and by switching
in another filter the more widely spaced irregulari
ties may be left and the more closelyspaced details
suppressed.

brought into operation. In such a case the pen


should be adjusted so as to swing about equally
inside and outside the recording zone, as far as
can be estimated.

The whole procedure must be repeated each


time a specimen is changed.

Three different filters are provided, selected by


the switch J2. Their effect is best described in terms

Table of Filter Transmissions

of the range of undulations (in terms of number per


revolution) on which the filter has little or no
effect, as shown in the table opposite. Undula
tions lying outside the range will tend to be sup
pressed. The transition, however, is not abrupt but
occurs gradually.

In use, it is essential first to centre the part with


the switch in the normal position, and adjust the

pen so that it swings as symmetrically as possible


within the recording width of the paper, at the
desired magnification. This ensures that the pick
up and amplifier are working within the linear part
of their range. Only then may the switch J2 be
turned to a filter position. If the magnification is
changed after the first setting has been made, the
switch J2 must be restored to normal and the pen

readjusted on the paper, whereupon J2 can again


be turned to the filter position. When turning to a

high magnification with the intention of examining


residual small undulations, the pen may be found

to swing off the paper before the filter switch is


Page Twenty-two

(undulations per revolution)

Normal

3 r.p.m.

1-450

1-45

1-15

15-450

The significance of one undulation per revolu


tion in the normal position of the filter switch may
call for comment. It does not imply a limitation in

the amplifier, but results simply from the fact that


no irregularity can occur less than once per revolu
tion. The normalgraph therefore shows everything
up to the highest number indicated. The upper
limit for the normal range, and also for the C filter

range, is set by the combination of speed of rota


tion and frequency response of the recorder. The

upper limit for the A and B filter ranges and the


low limit for the C range are set by the filter.

Part 4 Summary of Periodic Checks


Pick-up Balance
Set the instrument as follows:

Amplifier

Operation switch K4 to test.


Magnification switch K3 initially
to position 1.

Radial Calibration Specimen

The nominal value of specimen provided for


checking magnification position 6 is 100a" (2,5am)
and 500a" (12,5am) for checking positions 1-5,
the actual value being marked on the end of each
specimen. The radial deflection on the chart paper

Filter Unit

Filter switch J2 to normal.

Pick-up

Stylus knob G6 to int.


Stylus free (not engaging speci

as the stylus traverses the flat should be the value

men).
The acceptable balance criterion is that, with the
instrument set as specified above, the needle of the
centring meter E6 should not swing from its ex

magnification. See Fig. 4.1.


For operative convenience the specimen should

treme right-hand position beyond the left-hand


paper limit mark of the scale (Fig. 2.6) as the
magnification switch K3 is advanced from position
1 to position 5. The ideal is that the needle should
remain at its right-hand position but in practice it
will tend to move to the left as the magnification
switch is turned up from position 1. On position 6
the needle will sometimes move beyond the lefthand mark of the scale; this is permissible. If the
balance is below par, refer to page 31.
Magnification

The present method of checking magnification


uses a steel cylinder having at one point round the
periphery a single narrow flat parallel to the axis.
An improved form to be introduced uses a
similar steel cylinder having two relieved areas
parallel to the axis and separated by 180 to each
other.

Magnification checks using both types of


specimen are described below, and instructions for

marked on the specimen multiplied by the

be mounted on the table with the flat towards the

operator (between 5 and 7 o'clock) and centred as


well as possible.
Diametral Calibration Specimen

The nominal value. of specimen for checking


magnification position 6 is 150a" (3,8um) and
750a" (19am) for checking positions 1-5, the actual

value being marked on the end of each specimen.


The value stated is the measured difference of two

diameters Dl and D2 taken at 90 to each other,


one reading being made at the mid-point of the
two relieved areas, Fig. 4.2.
In the figure the value of the standard is given as
750a" (19am). The difference between Dl and D2
at x 2,000 magnification gives this value and no
adjustment of magnification is required.
Test for Roundness of Spindle
The fundamental check for the spindle is to
check the shape of a part in several orientations
relative to the work table, and see that the same
result is obtained in each orientation. The test for

correcting the magnification, if required, will be


found on page 31.
In both cases two specimens are provided, one
for calibrating magnification position 6 and one
for positions 1-5 which share a separate single

roundness of the spindle becomes increasingly sen


sitive as the specimen becomes more perfect and is
simplest when the specimen is without error, for
then a single well-centred trace is completely

control, and are best checked on position 3 or 4.

A test specimen is supplied in the form of a


polished hemisphere. The surface of the specimen
is within 2a" (0,05a) of a true circle and, unless the
parts to be checked are of exceptional accuracy, a
single check round the specimen can generally be
accepted as proof of performance. If there is a

Checks should be carried out using the 2 in.


(6.2 cm) stylus arm.
It should be noted that 'Magnification' test
specimens are not necessarily perfectly round.
For checking magnification the instrument is
set for ordinary use as follows:
Magnification: Operation switch K4 to talyrond.
Magnification switch K3 as re
quired.
Filter Unit:

Filter Switch J2 to normal.

Pick-up:

Stylus knob to s & ext.

informative.

doubt, two checks taken with the specimen in two


orientations at 90 will at once show whether it is

mainly the spindle or the specimen that is at fault.


The stylus should engage the sphere within about
\ in. (6,3 mm) of the top of the mount and the
stylus arm should be inclined to ensure that the
Page Twenty-three

point of contact of the stylus with the sphere lies


within the radiused portion of the stylus tip. So
that the test is as sensitive as possible the 2\ in.
(6,2 cm) stylus arm should be used with the magni
fication switch set to position 6.
Reasonable care must be taken of the specimen.
It should be cleaned only with a soft rag or prefer
ably cotton wool. Methylated spirit containing a
few drops of oil to leave a film of grease may be
used to remove scum. Local rubbing to remove a

patch of dirt is particularly to be avoided. Wiping


should always go round and round and heavy
rubbing should be avoided altogether.
If the mount has been handled to any appre

ciable extent, as for example while cleaning, it

and abrupt pen movement.

Note. Where symptoms are identical, the true fault


will have to be established by the process of
elimination.

Test of Electrical Stability

Electrical faults (and mechanical faults in the

pick-up and recorder) can be separated from


spindle faults by taking a trace with the stylus arm
swung round into a nearly horizontal position
with the tip bearing on the undersideof the pick-up
itself, so that the stylus is held in a constant posi
tion relative to the pick-up, regardless of errors in
the spindle.
In order to allow for the effects of certain in

to acquire a uniform temperature before the test

ternal end stops, it is necessary to proceed as


follows, and to do so with a certain lightness of

is made.

touch:

should be left on the instrument table for the whole

Irregularities in the trace obtained from the


test sphere can result from many causes, for
example:

1. Imperfections in the spindle. Generally shown


by excessive ovality of trace. Checked by
orientation of the test sphere through 90.

2. Imperfections in the test sphere, i.e., dirt,


scratches, wear. Generally shown by an uneven
'spiky' trace.

3. Temperature effects, including draughts, espe


cially round the stylus arm. Generally shown
by a drift off centre and failure of the trace to

join up. Also ovality of trace, usually in the


fore-and-aft direction.

4. Electricalfaults, including:

(a) Bad contacts, e.g., dirty or scoured sliprings. Generally shown by an uneven 'spiky'
trace (see Maintenance, Part 6).

(b) Faulty components. Generally shown by a


rough trace.

5. Mechanical defects in pick-up, spindle mount

ing, or recorder. Generally shown by spasmodic

Page Twenty-four

1. Insert the 2\ in. (6,2 cm) stylus arm with the

long stylus (No. 2 on page 15), set the knob G6


to s & ext, and the indicator spot G4 (Fig. 2.3)
towards the top of the window.

2. With a finger of one hand, press the knob G6


(Fig. 2.8) downwards and, while so held, with
the other hand swing the stylus arm round till
the stylus bearson the underside of the pick-up.
It is best to press on the crutch G7 between the
two screws which retain the spring clip (they
are seen one on each side of the reference line

to G7 in Fig. 2.3). Avoid pressing so firmly that

the stylus arm lifts out of the crutch, for if it


does it may not spring back.

3. Release G6, which will generally overcome the


friction in the crutch hinge and spring back to
its normal level. To make sure it has, press it
gently upwards.

4. Now bring the pen on to thepaper bymeans of


the push buttons E3 and E4 and take a trace,
or a seriesof traces, in the normal way, with the

magnification switch inposition 6. They should


be round and smooth.

Value of test specimen 75a" (1,9am)


Magnification x 10,000
000075" x 10,000=0-75"

1,9am x 10,000 = 19 mm.

Fig 4-1

Fig 4-2

Value of test specimen


750a" (19am)

Magnification x 2,000
Stylus Arm length
2J in. (6,3 cm)
D2-DI

3-8"-2-3"

Mag"

2,000

= -000750" or 750a"

Masnification is therefore correct.

Page Twenty-five

Part 5 Periodic Inspection and Adjustment


Power and Filter Unit

The power and filter unit (Fig. 5.1) receives the


input from the mains via fuses J3 and mains
switch and distributes this power between itself,
the amplifier and the driving motor in the head of
the 'Talyrond'. Supply to the driving motor is via
fuses J4.
The unit houses the filter circuits and their

associated amplifier, with a stabilized h.t. supply


and a low voltage d.c. supply for the operation of
the trip solenoid and a motor in the pick-up.
There are no pre-set adjustments in these sections,
and except for replacement of valves and fuses
when required, no attention should be called for.
The unit also houses, for convenience, a selector

panel controlling the current through the recorder


pen. This determines the blackness of the line

marked on the graph. Each batch of paper may


need a different position for the best results.
Fuse values and some key voltages useful in
case of breakdown are shown.

Purpose of the Oscillation Suppressor


The oscillation suppressor is plugged into the
filter unit in series with the 18-way lead. It is
designed to suppress the tendency of some
recorder units to break into high frequency oscilla
tion when the 10 in. stylus arm is used at high
magnification.

Amplifier (Figs. 5.2 and 5.3)


The 'Talyrond' instrument makes use of the
same amplifier as is used for Model 3 'Talysurf
and in the event of a breakdown, or to help in

Fig 5-1

J3

(500mA)

Mains Fuses

(3 Amp. 50 ~)
(5 Amp. 60 ~)

Cathodes within 4- 10V of earth potential (Control Unit outOperation Switch to Test)

Page Twenty-six

tracing faults, those who have both instruments


can transfer an amplifier from one to the other,
remembering to turn the operation switch K4

(Fig. 1.6) to the appropriate position when making


the change.
The amplifier comprises five main sections, these
being the voltage regulated power pack, an oscilla
tor supplying the pick-up bridge, a bridge amplifier
amplifying the signal from the bridge, a backingoff (i.e., balancing) amplifier, the output of which
is connected in series opposition with that of the
bridge amplifier, and an output stage controlling
the recorder.

The amplifier is provided with a number of


electrical adjustments which are set at the factory.
Except under abnormal conditions of transport the
instrument should arrive with these adjustments in
good order and be ready for immediate use.

PRE-SET
POTENTIOMETERS H and J

75 V
V2a anode

Fig 5-2

230 V
Via anode

280 V
V6a anode

230 V

Regulated

V6b anode

H.T.

Page Twenty-seven

EARTH

60 Cycles

4HJ

EARTH

A.C. Mains

60 CYCLES MAINS PLUG VIEWED FROM CABLE ENTRY

50 Cycles A.C. Mains

Mains Fuses

(2 Amp. 50 cycles)
(3 Amp. 60 cycles)

H.T. Fuse

( Amp.)

MainsVoltage

240 V
V3a anode
150 V

Pen Central)
V5 anode

650V
90-150 V
V8 anode V5 screen

Unregulated According
l_l 7

to setting
of H

Page Twenty-eight

Fig 5-3

The adjustments should, however, be checked at


regular intervals. Some are more critical and will

need to be checked more frequently than others.


The best order in which to make the adjust
ments, especially the electrical adjustments, will
depend somewhat on circumstances. The order in

which they are described represents, as far as pos


sible, a logical sequence in which one item leads to
the next, although perfection of sequence has not
always proved possible.
The pre-set adjustments in the control unit

(Figs. 5.4 and 5.5) comprise two balancing


potentiometers and two magnification potentio
meters, all of which may need trimming from time
to time, especially if the apparatus is subjected to
rough handling.
The pre-set adjustment of the amplifier com

D. Magnification adjustment for switch position 6.


F. Pencentringadjustment fortalyrond position.
G. Backing-ofT voltage adjustment for talyrond
position.

H. Adjustment for maximum pen recorder current.


J. Backing-ofT voltage adjustment affecting test
position.

The sockets B and E are for checking the bridge


and backing-off voltages with a suitable external
meter. Potentiometers H and J are shown in

Fig. 5.2.
Each adjustment has to be made with the

various units and switches arranged in the way


specified.

The electrical basis of the Model 51 Talyrond'


is shown schematically in Fig. 5.13, which indi
cates the relationship of the various adjustments.

prises seven potentiometers and the mains voltage


panel. The five most important potentiometers are

(a) Maximum Recorder Current

accessible beneath covers K5 and K6 and screw

Operation switch:
talyrond
Magnification switch:
Position 6.
Filter unit operation switch: normal.
Pick-up:
s & ext.
Adjust potentiometer H until the pointer on the
centring meter is towards the left-hand end of the
curved line on the dial. The setting is acceptable if
the portion of this line extending beyond the lefthand division is imagined to be halved and the
pointer comes in the outer half.

cap K7, Fig. 5.2.


The potentiometers are lettered and are as
follows:

A. Magnification adjustment for switch positions


1 to 5.

C. Bridge voltage.

Control unit:

In.

Page Twenty-nine

(b) Bridge Voltage

control unit. The differential signal obtained from

Control unit:
Withdrawn.
An a.c. valve or metal-rectifier voltmeter of

the bridge is amplified and used to operate the


recorder. To ensure linear scales and correct mag

reasonably high resistance is connected across the

nification it is essential that in the extreme outer

sockets B and the potentiometer C is adjusted to


give a reading according to the resistance of the
voltmeter as shown in the following table.
Meter
Bridge Voltage

position of the stylus the bridge should be electri


cally balanced, a term used to indicate a condition

Valve voltmeter
..
.. 5-75i V r.m.s.
Any 1000 ohms per voltmeter used:
10 V range (10,000 ohms) .. 5-5
25 V range (25,000 ohms) .. 5-7

in which the inductive and resistive ratios are

equal. The balance needs to be checked and if


necessary adjusted from time to time as described
below.

Set the instrument as follows:

Amplifier:

Avometer Model 40:

100 V range -^2


..
10 V range ..
..
Avominor 5 V range
(2000 ohms)

to test.

..5-0
.. Unsuitable

Magnification switch K3 (Fig.


1.6) initially to position 1.

4-6

(c) Backing-off Voltage


This is set as a current indication through a
meter connected to sockets E. A meter range of
0-1 mA is suitable.
Control unit:

Withdrawn.

Operation switch:
normal.
Magnification switch:
Position 6.
Potentiometer G is adjusted to give 0-35 mA
002 through the meter. The potentiometer can be
turned with a fine screwdriver after removing the
plated cover screw K7, Fig. 5.2. It is not expected
that adjustment will often be needed.

(d) Backing-off Voltage for test position


Control unit:

Operation switch K4 (Fig. 1.6)

Withdrawn.

Operation switch:
test.
Magnification switch:
Position 6.
Potentiometer J is adjusted to give 003 mA
through sockets E. The adjustment, which is not
very critical, is just within the scope of a 0-1 mA
meter, if the meter is tapped to overcome pivot
friction. The factory setting is marked with paint
spots and generally this will suffice.
(e) Filter C Zero
Filter unit operation switch: Position C.
Depress lever E7 towards the head to bring the
pen on the paper.

Adjust potentiometer F to bring pen to central


division on paper.

Filter unit:

Filter switch J2 to normal.

Pick-up:

Stylus knob G6 to int.


Stylus free (not engaging speci
men).

The acceptable balance criterion is that with the


instrument set as specified above, the needle of the
centring meter E6 should not swing from its ex
treme right-hand position beyond the left-hand
paper-limit mark of the scale (Fig. 2.6) as the mag
nification switch K3 is advanced from position 1
to position 5. The ideal is that the needle should
remain at its right-hand position but in practice
it will tend to move to the left as the magnification
switch is turned from position 1. On position 6 the
needle will sometimes move beyond the left-hand
mark of the scale; this is acceptable.
If the initial balance is not satisfactory, adjust
ment is required in the control unit. Remove the
three screws (Fig. 5.4) retaining front cap and
plug the unit into the amplifier. Four labelled
potentiometer controls are mounted in the control
unit (as shown in Fig. 5.5), the horizontal pair
being for balance adjustment. These potentio
meters should be adjustedfirst one and then the
other, alternatelyto make as much improvement
as possible.
Start with the lowest magnification, and turn

either of the potentiometers, noting the effect on


the centring meter. The right-hand potentiometer
is likely to be initially the more sensitive.
The meter being responsive to the adjustments,
improve the balance as much as possible (that is,
move the pointer as far as possible to the right)
with one potentiometer, try the other, which will

Adjustment of Pick-up Balance

be found to have become more sensitive, then

The pick-up contains two variable inductances


operated differentially by the stylus. These induc
tances are connected in a simple a.c. bridge circuit
of which the remaining elements are housed in the

pointer is fully to the right. Then increase the mag


nification step by step refining the balance at each

revert to the first, and so on, alternating until the

step.

Page Thirty

X
il.. i u u u' i lwii mjmiLWM iii ijD.mii.nw vi i jgfrJM-jjjfl

If one of the potentiometers comes to the end of


its range before the required condition of balance
has been obtained, it will be necessary to reset a

small stop screw (Gil, Fig. 2.3) mounted directly


on the pick-up beam. Extreme care must be exer

cised if such adjustment has to be made. The stop


screw is the central one of the three: the other two
are lock screws of which one must be slacked off

only enough to make the stop screw friction tight


before adjustment is made. With the stylus force
knob set at int the beam will be spring biased so
that the tip of the stop screw butts on the frame.
It can therefore be pressed on gently with a screw
driver while adjustment is made; but even so a

well-ground screwdriver is essential. Set the righthand potentiometer to its mid position as nearly
as can be estimated, slacken the two lock screws

and carefully adjust the stop screw observing the


needle of the indicating meter, adjusting to bring
the needle as far over to the right as possible on
position 5. Tighten the lock screws and refine with
the potentiometers.

Adjustment of Magnification

The amplifier has certain pre-set controls and

these will have been set to a master test bridge


prior to despatch of the instrument, their initial
setting being indicated by red spots. Such controls
are best left undisturbed and all adjustments for
magnification made with the two potentiometers
arranged as a vertical pair in the control unit.
The function of these potentiometers is obvious
from the labelling but special note should be taken
of the lowest potentiometer which has an over

riding effect on all magnification switch positions.


It must be adjusted first to bring position6 correct.
The magnifications of the remaining positions 1 to
5 are then adjusted as a group by means of the
other potentiometer.

Magnifications should be checked by means of

the two calibration standards which have already


been referred to earlier in the text (page 23). The
instrument should be set as if to check an external

diameter and the normal procedure should be fol


lowed for centringand recording.
Recorder Pen Force

Access to the pen holder (Fig. 5.6(a)) is gained


by swinging back the protecting cover, after slack
ening the lower securing screw. The pen is inserted

5.6(b)). The wire marking tip should stand approxi


mately normal to the paper. Care shouldbe taken
not to touch the pen when live, and in this connec
tion it may be noted that a series of switches asso

ciated with the movement of lever E7, when used

for speed selection, prevent the supply to the pen


for marking purposes being applied other than
when the spindle is rotating at 3 r.p.m.
The plate H5 (Fig. 2.1) is designed to lift the

marking tip clear from fouling the outer edge of


the paper and the clamp arm boss. The plate is
adjustable (slacking off screws H6) and should be

positioned so that the pen leaves the paper at a


point approximately equal to one scale division

outside each extreme scale line. Any appreciable


amount of wear of the pen tip will necessitate
adjustment of the plate.
To achieve this adjustment, engage the stylus on
to a specimen and centre. Set the magnification
switch to position 6 and the fine adjustment knob

to its mid position. Bring the pen on to the paper


mid scale. At 3 r.p.m. commence recording. After
approximately one-third of a revolution engage the
gear box into neutral. This will arrest the rotation

of the spindle, cut off the pen current and maintain


the pen on the paper. Move the pen across the

paper by using the fine adjustment of the ampli


fier, positioning the plate to the limits mentioned.
Clamp tight.

Note: Under no circumstances must the pen rotor

be forced round by hand to achieve this setting.


Theforce with which the pen bears on the paper
is important.-The proper value is between 0-4 and

0-6 grams. This is provided by a wire spring. The


stiffness of the spring is such that it will exert the
correct force if, when in its free position, it lies
parallel to the pen when the tip of the latter is

touching the paper (see Fig. 5.6(b)). This may be


checked by removing the pen and replacing it
above the spring, allowing the latter to take up its
free position. If the wire does not lie parallel to
the pen it must be carefully bent with fine pliers,
taking care not to wrench the coil assembly or
bear too heavily on the jewelled pivots. The spring
is made of hardened beryllium copper. Excessive
pen pressure will cause the pen to become sluggish,
while insufficient pressure will cause the mark to
become abnormally wide and black.
It is anticipated that different sources and

batches of paper will need different marking cur

after threading it under the spring pressure


loop 6 by gently pressing the ears 1 and 2 to
gether between thumb and finger until the clip

feed resistance which controls the current has been

opens just sufficiently to admit the pen (Fig.

filter unit.

rents for best performance. For this reason the

provided with tappings located in the power and

Page Thirty-one

Fig 5'6a

Fig 5*6b

Page Thirty-two

Fig 5-7 I
C5

C6

C7

Recorder Pen Marking

trolled by the lever E7.


The switches controlling the supply for both the
pen marking voltage and the pen unit voltage are
so arranged that once the trace has commenced
the lever E7 may be released completely. Marking

(12,5 cm) arm set parallel to the table, or the


Shoulder Attachment, for setting the surface of the
work table square to the spindle axis. The figure
obtained on the chart should approximate to a
circle and adjustment should be made until the
centre of the best-fitting circle is centred on the
paper within the tolerance. It should be possible to
square-on within -0001 inch per inch (0,000 1 cm
per cm) without much difficulty. With the stylus
running round a 4 in. (10 cm) radius circle and a
magnification of 500 this is represented by an

will be maintained for 360 rotation and then be

eccentricity of 0-2 in. (5 mm) on the chart.

The necessary marking voltage (600 V, 5 mA


d.c.) is connected to the pen during one revolution
of the chart by means of a switch operated by a
solenoid-controlled trip lever in the gear box, the
solenoid being energized through a switch con

automatically broken. In this way the possibility


of error being introduced in the trace due to the
pressure of the operator's hand on the instrument

faces on the underside of the work table.

Assembly and Removal of Spindle


All instruments are normally delivered with the
spindle and pick-up removed from the head and
the following instructions should be carefully
followed when mounting the spindle in position.
The reverse procedure should be adopted when
removing the spindle from the head.
The spindle is transported in a specially con
structed case without the pick-up attached to the
lower flange, and in Fig. 5.8 the spindle is shown
in the case ready for despatch.
In the head the quill is located in a vee formed
by two plates at right angles to each other (Fig.

The two pads under the forward edge of the


table C6 and C7 are adjustable for squaring-on

5.9). Two spring loaded arms urge the quill into


the vee, the weight of the spindle being supported

purposes and access to the screw adjustments is

by a single wobble pin.

Irom the underside of the table. Each screw is

The plates forming the vee are mounted on liga


ment hinges and are moved through a small angle
by means of the micrometers mounted in the front
cover, thus giving the fine adjustment required for

is eliminated.

Squaring-on of Table

The work table is supported on three selfaligning pads C5, C6 and C7, mounted on the top
surface of the knee (Fig. 5.7). These pads are posi
tioned one at each of the front corners of the table

and the third in the centre at the back. Each pad is


termed by a half ball resting in a conical seating,
the flats on the half balls engaging machined sur

secured by a lock nut and these should be undone

and left half tight while adjustments are made. The


use of a | in. UNF box spanner is required.
The pick-up can be used with either the 5 in.

final centring.
Page Thirty-three

ture, engaging the shortest cross-pin with the


slotted output shaft of the gear box.
8. Remove the spindle from its case and poly
thene envelope. (The spindle must be kept up

right during this operation, which is best per


formed by two persons, one holding the
spindle and the other removing the polythene
envelope.)

9. Hold the spindle quill into engagement with


the locating plates and lower into position,
guiding the slotted key plate of the spindle over
the key post until the weight is supported by
the wobble pin which locates in the cone of the
key plate. The key plate engaging the key

post prevents rotation of the spindle quill in


the head.

10. Assemble the two tension springs to the anchor

pins on the spindle retaining arms and loop on


to the pins projecting from the side ligament
block. Fig. 5.9 shows the springs in position.
It will be noted that the springs are not of

equal length, the shortest should be at the top.


11. Remove cross-screw from the joint shaft under
the spindle head.
12. Lift the drive shaft until its cross-pin engages
the slot in the joint shaft of the spindle.

13. Replace cross-screw, which passes through the


aperture in the drive shaft, thus suspending
the shaft free to move in any direction.

14. Remove the protective U cover and springs


from the lower end of the spindle.

15. Attach the pick-up slide rail to the spindle


To assemble spindle in the head (Fig. 5.9):
1. Disconnect the front cover lead plug from head
(swinging out cover plates).
2. Unscrew R.H. micrometer E2 completely and
remove from cover.

3. Unscrew L.H. micrometer El approximately


6 turns. Note. Wobble pins projecting from
the ends of the micrometer screws are retained

in position by grease only. These pins engage


into cups set into the plates when refitting.
4. Remove front cover (4 screws on front face).

5. Clean the quill locating plates free of transit


grease and apply a thin film of anti-scuffing
grease.

6. Place the spindle support wobble pin, together


with a small amount of grease, into the support

block. The two quill retaining springs should

now be placed close at hand. (The wobble pin


and springs are packed in the pick-up transit
case.)

7. Place the spindle drive shaft (found clipped


inside the spindle case) through the head aper
Page Thirty-four

flange by four 4BA cap screws provided, with


the projecting wire terminals adjacent to the
four wires from the spindle. Place the insulat

ing sleeves provided over the wires so that


they are under-flush to the top surface of the
slide rail and then fit the insulating plate with

the five holes of identical pitch over the wires.


Connect the four wires to their respective ter
minals. A terminal cover is provided which is

secured to the flange by two of the slide rail


screws. Insulators and cover will be found in
the spindle case.

16. Assemble the pick-up to the slide rail, ensuring


that the three red spots on the pick-up are on
the same side as the three red spots on the slide
rail. The four ball bearings of the pick-up body
locate into channels in the slide rail. Fit end

plate to slide rail by the two 8BA instrument


head screws provided. If both end plates are
found to be fitted to the slide rail, one of them
will need to be removed before fitting of the

pick-up can take place.

WOBBLE PIN

SUPPORT
BLOCK

KEY POST

Fig 5-9

17.

Check that the pick-up moves freely through


out its total range of radial movement.

18. Refit front cover and micrometer screws.


19. Plug front cover lead (6 way) and spindle

lead
(8 way) into their respective sockets in the
head. Close plug covers.

Oil spindle (see this page) and replace cover.


I"or transit purposes most of the oil has been
drained from the spindle and before any rota
tion takes place it must be refilled until oil
appears from the overflow spout.

Plug pick-up control unit into amplifier.

Lubrication of Spindle
The 'Talyrond' spindle needs oil of the right
quality and of the utmost cleanliness.
Specially prepared oil (Talyrond' spindle oil
'B'), filtered with great care, is available in hyperdermic syringe cartridges from which it can be
injected into the spindle without the slightest
exposure to dust-laden air.
The cartridge has the form of a glass tube closed
at one end by an oilproof rubber cap and at the
other end by an oilproof rubber piston. It contains
2 c.c. ofoil, which will generally suffice for two shots.
Page Thirty-five

Type B:
for Double-ended
Needles

Insert double-

ended needle

into assembly

Fig 5-10

with the short

(piercer) end

INSTRUCTIONS

towards the

syringe

LOADING THE SYRINGE

Please load the 'Viule' Syringe


in the method as described and
illustrated below.

UNLOADING THE SYRINGE

To unload, draw back syringe

plunger against retaining spring


as shown in Fig. 2. Pushcartridge
sideways through finger aper

ture

PLUNGER DIAPHRAGM OF 'VIULE'

SYRINGE PLUNGER

in syringe barrel and

withdraw cartridge carefully.

VIULE' RETAINING COLLAR

RETAINING SPRING HOUSING

FINGER GRIP

Screw in

needle

mount fitted with re

2. Draw back syringe


plunger against retain

quired injection needle.

ing spring.

3 Insert 'Viule' into


syringe barrel with
piercer diaphragm to

4 Release pressure on

wards piercer needle.


Press against piercer
needle to pierce dia

retaining spring;

the

'Viule' is then forced

against piercer needle


and held in position by
the retaining collar.

phragm, then press


'Viule' fully into syringe
barrel.

Page Thirty-six

,.-.- m|

- .-.1

-; ysz. . 'W\

Fig 5-11

OIL
HERE

The syringe is fitted with a double-ended needle,


of which the shorter sharpened end must be

assembled to protrude into the body of the syringe,


as shown in Fig. 5.10, to pierce the end cap and
permit the ejection of oil. The other end is left

blunt to minimize the risk of scraping the surface


round the oil hole and detaching chips from it.
Surgical needles sharpened at both ends are best

avoided. The method of loading the cartridge into


the syringe is described and illustrated in Fig.5.10.
The cartridge can be withdrawn at any time as the
cap is self-sealing.
The syringe is supplied in a metal box, but to
avoid needless labour, provision is made for stor

ing it complete with needle and partly discharged


cartridge in a components tray which fits into the
upper drawer of the instrument stand. The storage

place for the syringe is lined with a removable glass


test tube (a spare is supplied in case of breakage)
to catch the occasional drops of oil that may
emerge from the needle as a result of temperature
changes, and to keep the needle clean.
Needles are packed in half dozens in a glass

tube, each needle being threaded with a length of


^ire to keep the hole clean. The wire must be
removed when the needle is fitted to the syringe.

After the syringe is loaded, and immediately


before insertion into the oilhole of the spindle, the
outside of the needle should be carefully wiped and
a few drops of oil ejected to wash out any particles
of dirt adhering to the inside of the needle. The
needle should be inserted into the oil hole to its

full depth. If the needle is dry on the outside before

insertion and is withdrawn smartly after oiling, it


should be possible to keep the surface surrounding
the oil hole clean and dry without much wiping.
The oil inlet to the spindle (Figs. 5.11 and 5.12) is
designed to protect the spindle as far as possible
against the ingress of dirt. The hole is made only
just large enough to admit the needle and its rim
protrudes slightly from the surrounding surface so

that, if the surface has to be wiped, particles of


dirt will tend to be wiped round rather than into
the hole. The oil hole has a hinged dust cover and

the general cover over the top of the spindle gives


further protection. The inlet tube is provided with
a lip at its lower end so that if the syringe needle is
broken off while inside the oil hole, the broken end

will not fall down into the spindle.


A broken needle can sometimes be extracted

with the aid of a fine sewing needle which can be


jammed into its end. If this does not work it will
Page Thirty-seven

be necessary to remove the inlet assembly which is


retained by the single shouldered screw through
the dust cover. During this process all parts, in
cluding the tip and thread of the screw, must be
kept clean.
At the lower end of the spindle there is a sump
and an overflow pipe, and the principle is to inject
a slight excess of oil, preferably at the end of the
day, and let the surplus overflow into the oil bucket

which clips round the lower end of the spindle. Oil

from the overflow pipe should never be used for


the spindle a second time.

The normal dose is about 1 c.c. every evening.


Next morning the spindle should be allowed to
revolve at 35 r.p.m. for a few minutes to distribute
the oil. If the spindle has been standing for some
time, 2 or 3 c.c. may be injected, preferably the
night before it is used, as it may not be at its best
immediately after oiling.
The initial charge is 8-10 c.c.

SHARP

TIP TO

PUNCTURE CAP.

LIP TO CATCH NEEDLE


IF BREAKAGE OCCURS.

Page Thirty-eight

Fig 5-12

MAINS

POWER AND FILTER UNIT

U-

FILTER CIRCUITS
POWER

PACK

! I VOLTAGE

j j REGULATOR

"J

DC. SUPPLY TO

j RECORDER| pick-up motor

|Jv1AInV"\

""j

'DRIVE MOION

AMPLIFIER

i
Ho
L

n
SIGNAL AMPLIFIER

i.......

PRESET

CONTROLS (A)

CONTROL UNIT

OPERATIONAL

MAINS \ I

4-t

FINE

ADJUSTMENT

POWER & FILTER


UNIT

MAGNIFICATION

SWITCH
OPERATION
SWITCH

3>

FILTER
SWITCH

nil 111
MAGNIFICATION CONTROLS

AMPLIFIER

DRIVE
MOTOR

PICK - UP
MAINS CIRCUIT
WITHOUT

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

VOLTAGE

REGULATOR

Fig 5-13
Page Thirty-nine

Part 6 Maintenance
Service Instructions

It is recommended that where faults arise which

cannot be traced to a definite electrical component


failure (valves, fuses, etc.) or causes as listed on
page 24, rank taylor hobson or their accredited
agent should be notified.
Erratic behaviour of the instrument may be the
result of partial breakdown of electrical compo
nents, mechanical defects or external influence
(e.g., vibration, draughts), and as it is not always
possible readily to determine one from the other,
often a procedure of elimination must be carried
out. It is therefore in the interest of the user to call

in a qualified service engineer rather than to engage


in random probing and adjustment resulting in
derangement and confusion of settings.

Note. A description of the power and filter unit and


the amplifier, covering adjustment and servic. ing that can be conveniently carried out by the
user is included in Part 5.

Cleaning of Spindle and Pick-up Contacts


Spindle Contacts
From the 8-way plug connected in the head, the
spindle wiring conducts the electrical supply to the
pick-up motor and coil units via slip-rings and
wiper contacts in the spindle head. The slip-rings
and contacts must be kept clean, otherwise irregu
larities in the trace will occur.

Remove the spindle cover.


Slacken off the grub screws clamping the nylon
contact supports to the posts and turn the contacts
away from the slip-rings.
With the spindle revolving at 35 r.p.m., clean
the rings with a lint-free material, or preferably
cigarette paper, moistened with a volatile solvent,
such as trichlorethylene or acetone.
Clean brush contacts before resetting on to sliprings.
Note. If slip-rings become badly scoured there is
no treatment and new rings must be fitted.

Replacement valves and fuses with RTH code


numbers are listed in Part 7.
LubricationGeneral

There are no regular lubricating points on the


Talyrond' instrument (with the exception of the
spindle). The following surfaces, however, require
periodic attention as recommended.
Work Table Pads (Fig. 5.7)
Recommended grease: Anti-scuffing Paste*
(Molybdenized).
A fresh application of this grease is recom
mended once every 12 months, or more often if
the movement develops symptoms of 'slip-stick'.
This will largely depend on the use of the instru
ment and the loads carried on the work table. To

remove work table see page 41.


Column Slideways

Regular attention to the cleanliness and oiling


with good quality lubricating oil will maintain a
smooth action of the knee on the column slideways.
Gear Box

Brush Pressure

The pressure of the brush contacts on the sliprings is controlled by the grub screw which projects
from the adjusting plate secured to the contact
support. The grub screw is set to engage the flat on
the cover retaining post. Adjustment will be neces
sary, depending on contact wear.
Slacken off the grub screws in the contact sup

port and set the contacts lightly touching the sliprings. Tighten grub screws. If necessary set contact
arms by careful bending, to bring each set of con
tacts vertically in line for simultaneous engagement
with the slip-rings. Check that the contacts wipe
central to the rings and do not foul the ring
spacers.

Using a -020 in. (0,5 mm) feeler gauge, set the


gap between the grub screw and the flat on the
cover retaining post. Clamp the grub screw by its
lock nut. Slacken off the grub screws in the contact

supports, press the adjusting grub screw into con


tact with the flat and then retighten the grub screws
in the contact supports.

The gear-box is adequately lubricated on assem


bly and will give long life without attention.

Pick-up Contacts

Lubrication of this unit should be dealt with when

tacts which engage rails mounted on the underside


of the pick-up slide rail, thus providing continuity
of circuit throughout radial adjustment of the

ever required by RTH service engineers or agents.


* Anti-Sculling Paste is a product of ROCOL Ltd.. ROCOL House, Swillington,
Nr. Leeds. England. Supplies of this grease can be obtained from ROCOL
Ltd.. or from The Rank Organisation. Rank Taylor Hobson Division (quoting
Code No. 6103/14931 (2-oz. tube)).

Set within the pick-up body are four spring con

pick-up.

Page Forty

- . -,- -r..- --'-~~",""^550T?'

To clean the spring contacts of the Pick-up


remove either end plate from the Pick-up slide rail
(2 screws).

Radially adjust Pick-up until contacts are ex


posed. Clean with a lint-free material moistened

on the underside of the screw bush) accessible


after removing the locking grub screw (4BA
socket).
5. Lift table off knee bracket.

with a volatile solvent, as recommended for the

spindle contacts.
To clean the contact rails remove either end

plate from Pick-up slide rail (2 screws). Remove


Pick-up and clean rails with solvent, as recom
mended for the spindle contacts.

When replacing the Pick-up ensure that the


three red dots on the Pick-up are on the same side
as the three red dots on the slide rail.

Replacement of Table

1. Replenish grease in half-ball


necessary, and reset half balls,
Lightly grease ball slide pads
table, having first removed all

seating cups if
flats uppermost.

on underside of
traces of the old

grease.

2. Before replacing the table, attach a loop of


string of sufficient length to the free end of each
spring and lay the loop over the edge of the
knee bracket. This will assist in the operation of

Removal of Work Table (Fig. 5.7)


1. Remove the three retaining plates located on

the underside edge of the work table.


2. Remove the two table tension spring cover caps.
These are pressed into the sides of the table.
3. Unhook the two tension springs from the table.
From the underside of the table insert a suitably
sized screwdriver blade between the coils and

ease the spring tension on the retaining pin,


which can then be removed with sharp nosed

pliers or tweezers. Withdraw screwdriver blade


from spring, having released the tension as far

hooking the spring to the table. Replace the


table.

3. Replace the pitmens and screw in the control


knobs to zero setting. Reset stop screw. The
plain portion of this screw is set into a recess in
the centring screw spindle and when replaced
must not clamp the spindle. Replace locking
grub screw.
4. Thread each loop of string through holes in
table and extend spring to enable replacement
of the retaining pins. Remove string. Replace
cover caps.

as possible.
4. Screw out the table control knobs until the pitmens can be removed from their locating

5. Refit retaining plates and check that there is


around -005 in. (0,127 mm) clearance between

centres in the control screw and knee bracket

and the lug on the knee bracket.


6. Check for correct seating and also movement of
table throughout its entire range.
7. Check tabic for squareness to spindle (see

adjustment screws. If the regulated movement


of the control screw fails to release the pitmens
it will be necessary to extend the screw move

ment by withdrawal of the stop screw (found

the tip of the projecting grub screw in the plate

Part 5).

Page Forty-one

Part 7 Code Numbers


Individual Code Numbers which may be required.whe n ordering replacements are given below:
Code No.

Code No.

614/730
112/843-S (English) 4-pin Mains Plug (110 volts, 60 cycles)
112/843M-S (Metric) 'Masterform' Instrument Stand
112/635
Model 51 Talyrond' 110V, 60 cycles 112/844-S (English) Glass Standard
112/436
112/844M-S (Metric) 100a" (2,5am) Radial Calibration Standard
Spindle
112/430
112/434
Model 51 Talyrond' 240V, 50 cycles

Type 2 Pick-up with Control Unit


..
2\ in. (6,2 cm) Stylus Arm
..
..
..
..
5 in. (12,5 cm) Stylus Arm
10 in. (25 cm) Stylus Arm
..
..
2.\ in. (6,2 cm) Ball Race Arm ..
..
2\ in. (6,2 cm) Arm for \ in. (3,2 mm) holes
2\ in. (6,2 cm) Caliper Arm
..
..
Stylus Stop Attachment
Shoulder Attachment

Amplifier (240 volts, 50 cycles) ..


..
Amplifier (110 volts, 60 cycles) ..
..
Filter Unit (240 volts, 50 cycles)
..
Filter Unit (110 volts, 60 cycles)
..
Complete Set of Leads comprising:
8-way lead
12-waylead
.18-way lead
24-waylead
Short mains lead (50 cycles) ..
Motor lead (50 cycles) ..
..
Motor lead (60 cycles) ..
..
Short mains lead (60 cycles)
..
Long mains lead (60 cycles)
..
Voltage Regulator (240 volts, 50 cycles)

112/429 500;/' (12,5am) Radial Calibration Standard


K42/3746
112/435
K42/3747 150a" (3,8am) Diametral Calibration Standard
K42/3748
112/918
K42/3827 750a" (19am) Diametral Calibration Standard
K42/3826
112/920
K42/3828 English Graph Paper (pkt. of 100)
112/355
K42/4681 Metric Graph Paper (pkt. of 100)
112/458
K42/3750
112/437
English Perspex Template
112/805
112/459
Metric Perspex Template
112/806
112/328
Recorder Pen
112/393
112/613
Motor Belt
112/534
K42/4898
Spindle Connecting Rod
K614/505
K614/507
K614/509
K614/892
K614/81
K614/862
K614/391
K614/694
K614/748
112/631

3-pin Mains Socket (240 volts, 50 cycles)

614/81

12 volt 2-4W Pilot Lamp


2 amp Fuse
250 mA Fuse

3 amp Fuse
5 amp Fuse

120 4

500 mA Fuse

Carton of 6 cartridges ot oil


Syringe
Tube of 6 needles

Syringe Tube
Set of Hex. Wrench Keys

Valves for use in Amplificrj_0 i^ftTZ.


Mullard EEC 81 "and adapter (614/1583) (3 used)
ECC 83 and adapter (614/1583) (I used)
EB91 (1 used)

112/337
120/83
120/116
120/152
120/166
112/543
112/547
112/548
112/551
116/58

Code No.

614/817
614/815
614/410

-EL 33-(-Kisedt- ECLQl* $/*&* Aonprcg. -6-14/396EL 37(1 used)


85 A1 (1 used)
Osram MfcH^Tor Mazda Ufe^(l used)

614/407
614/409
614/398

Valves for use in Power and Filter Unit:vc l'W7


Mullard ECC 8find adapter (614/1583) (2 used)
EZ35(I used)
85 Al (1 used)
Oscillation Suppressor
Page Forty-two

614/817
614/629
614/409
112/726

&z3i- ^a^*2^

Part 8 Accessories

Fig 8-1

Accessories supplied
with each instrument
are shown in Fig. 8.1 neatly housed in a

components tray which fits into the upper


draw of the instrument desk.

Optional Accessories
Optional accessories available and their various
uses in conjunction with the Model 51 Talyrond'
are listed and briefly described. Instructions for
their use will be supplied with each accessory.

Combined 6-in. Centring and Levelling Table.


(ode No. 112/737-S
This accessory provides for the centring and

levelling of specimens of up to 6 in. (152 mm)


diameter. The upper table can be tilted to align
the axis of the specimen accurately to the axis of
rotation of the spindle, thereby permitting errors
of concentricity in different planes to be accurately

Reference Computer.

Code No. 112/847 (250V, 50 cycles)


112/848 (115V, 60 cycles)
The reference computer saves time in the assess

ment of polar graphs by adding to the graph a


definite reference line from which to measure the

undulations of the part. The computer iscapable of


plotting either a reference circle or a reference

ellipse and, in addition, indicates the various


departures therefrom on four separate meters.

measured.
Page Forty-three

Accessories continued
Stylus Kit. Code No. 112/821-S
This kit provides a range of components from
which the user will be able to produce a variety of
stylus arms to suit his particular requirements, e.g.
multi-tip stylus arms for concentricity checks.

of roundness at radial magnifications up to


x 10,000 at distances along a component in excess
of those which can be reached using the 2\ in.
(6,2 cm) arm. Fully extended the maximum
working clearance from the underside of the Pick

up to the plane of the stylus tip is 17 in. (425 mm).

i-2 Variable Gain Pre-Amplifier Unit.

Code No. 112/808-S


This accessory provides an independent means

of adjusting the overall magnification of the instru


ment to give a continuously variable range between
i and 2 times the normal value, i.e., an increased

magnification range of between 25 and 20,000


times. It is primarily designed to permit traces to
be taken using stylus arms of different lengths
whilst maintaining the magnification at a constant
value. It will be found particularly useful when

Magnetic Work Holding Fixture. Code No. 112/785


The accessory is designed for the holding of com
ponents such as steel balls, of sizes -020 in. (0,5
mm) to 1 in. (25,4 mm) diameter small rings and
spindles.
Vacuum Ball Holder. Code No. 112/866

using multi-tip stylus arms (see Stylus Kit).

Designed for holding small diameter balls the


unit comprises mains operated portable vacuum

pump and table mounted holder with inter


changeable ball seatings.

Set of seatings for in., -& i"-> fa '"> and -J in.

1:1 Lever. Code No. 112/822-S

The 1:1 Lever is designed for mounting to the


Talyrond' Pick-up and comprises an extending
stylus unit providing a means of measuring errors

diameter balls 112/867".


Setofseatingsfor0.5mm, 1 mm, 1,5 mm, 2 mm,
and 3 mm diameter balls 112/868.

Patents

one or more of the following patents:


Great Britain

Canada

U.S.A.

Germany

Switzerland

694,423
706,763
706,838
716,719
722,135

517,868
526,265
532,759
569,145

2,606,093
2,701,170
2,723,461
2,741,517

840,445
924,846
1,029,624
1,037,773

304,822

The word Talyrond' is a Registered Trade Mark.

Page Forty-four

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