International Journal of scientific research and management

(IJSRM) ||Volume||||Issue|| ||Pages|| 01-02 ||2013||

Website: www.ijsrm.in ISSN (e): 2321-3418

A Critical review on the concept of effect on

scavenging and fuel injection injection timing on two
stroke engine
Ravikant Sahu1, Eklabya Gupta2, Deepak Kumar Dewangan3
1

Student Bachelor of Engg. (Mechanical Engg.)

Kirodimal Institute Of Technology Raigarh (C.G.) INDIA
ravikantsahu224@gmail.com
2

Student Bachelor Of Engg. (Mechanical Engg.)

Kirodimal Institute Of Technology Raigarh (C.G.) INDIA
eklabyagupta18@gmail.com
3
Student Bachelor Of Engg. (Mechanical Engg.)
Kirodimal Institute Of Technology Raigarh (C.G.) INDIA
deepakkumardewangan311@gmail.com

Abstract:
In present study, A spark ignition and a compression ignition engine with uniflow valve scavenging of the cylinder and a
transfer valve in the piston crown have been described. A great disadvantage of two-stroke engines is ports which are made in the cylinder
bearing surface. Under the heat which is realised during the combustion, the thermal extension of the range in proximity of the ports and
other parts of the cylinder is different and so the distortion of the geometry of the cylinder liner surface force the designer to make the
clearance between the piston and the cylinder liner bigger. This paper presents the critical review to study the effect of fuel injection timing
and scavenging using diesel on the combustion and emission characteristics of a single cylinder, two stroke, air cooled direct injection
diesel engine. It Is well known that injection strategies including the injection timing and pressure play the most important role in
determining engine performance, especially in scavenging emissions. However, the injection timing and pressure quantitatively affect the
performance of diesel engine.
Keywords: scavenging, two stroke engine, valve, injection timing

1. Introduction
In the Internal combustion engine, At the end of the expansion
stroke the combustion of a two-stroke engine is left full of
product of combustion, this is because unlike four-stroke
engine, this is no exhaust stroke available to clear the cylinder
of burnt gases , the process of clearing of cylinder, after the
expansion stroke, is called scavenging process, this must
completed in a very short duration available between the end
of the expansion stroke end start of the charging process.
The efficiency of two stroke engine depend to a
great degree on the effectiveness of the scavenging process,
since bad scavenging gives a low mean indicate pressure and
hence, result in a high weight and high cost per bhp for the
engine. With insufficient scavenging the amount of oxygen
available is low so that the consequent incomplete combustion
results in higher specific fuel consumption. Not only that, the
lubricating oil becomes more contaminated, so that its
lubricating qualities are reduced and results in increased wear
of system and cylinder liners. Poor scavenging also leads to
higher mean temperatures and grater heat stresses on the
cylinder walls.[1]
The reason of the described experiments and
deformations of the liner geometry which were
the disadvantages of the compression ignition
engine in the use of two stroke engines in trucks,
buses, plant machines, fish cutters and so on.
Again the conception leaded two a solution of an

engine without ports in the cylinder liner valves

in the cylinder head to keep the geometry of any
distortion.
To carry out the planned experiments, a
compression ignition engine which was at the
disposal of the authors has been used. This
engine has a direct injection chamber, had a
power output of 7 kW at 3000 rev/min. The
cylinder diameter is of 90 mm and the stroke -90
mm. The swept volume of the cylinder is 573 cm 3.
The engine is air cooled by means of an own
ventilator.
The
reason
of
the described
experiments and deformations of the liner
geometry which were the disadvantages of the
compression ignition engine in the use of two
stroke engines in trucks, buses, plant machines,
fish cutters and so on. Again the conception
leaded two a solution of an engine without ports
in the cylinder liner valves in the cylinder head to
keep the geometry of any distortion.
To carry out the planned experiments, a compression ignition
engine which was at the disposal of the authors has been used.
This engine has a direct injection chamber, had a power
output of 7 kW at 3000 rev/min. The cylinder diameter is of
90 mm and the stroke -90 mm. The swept volume of the
cylinder is 573 cm3. The engine is air cooled by means of an
own ventilator.[2]
The NOx is produce data great extent, due to the high local

Author Name, IJSRM volume issue June 2013 [www.ijsrm.in]

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temperatures found in Diesel engines which are highly

dependent on the initial rise of heat release. In addition, soot
production and oxidation are both dependent on the mixing
rate and local fame temperatures [3]. The injection velocity is
one of the most infuent parameters on the factors (which are
mentioned before), since it controls both the mixing process
and the rate of heat release. This is the reason that injection
system parameters and nozzle geometry have been extensively
studied due to their direct relation with the fuel injection rate
and fuel velocity. To support this, it has been recognized that
the characteristics of the injection system are the most
important fact or sin infuencing emissions and performance
of CI engines.[4,5]

Figure 1: Testing data- load current (amperes)

3.4
Tables
Place table titles above the tables.

2. Page Size and Layout

Set your page as A4, width 210, height 297 and margins as
follows:
Left Margin 17.8 mm (0.67")
Right Margin 14.3 mm (0.56)
Top Margin 17.8 mm (0.7")
Bottom Margin 17.8 mm (0.7")
You should use Times Roman of size 10 for all fonts in the
paper. Format the page as two columns:
Column Width 86.8 mm (3.42")
Column Height 271.4 mm (10.69")
Space/Gap between Columns - 5.0 mm (0.2").

3. Title, Authors, Body Paragraphs, Sections

Headings and References
3.1
Title and authors
The title of the paper is centered 17.8 mm (0.67") below the
top of the page in 24 point font. Right below the title
(separated by single line spacing) are the names of the
authors. The font size for the authors is 11pt. Author
affiliations shall be in 9 pt.

Table 1: Margin specifications

Margin

A4 Paper

US Letter Paper

Left

18.5 mm

14.5 mm (0.58 in)

Right

18mm

13 mm (0.51 in)

3.5
Sections headings
Section headings come in several varieties:
1. first level headings: 1. Heading 1
2. second level: 1.2. Heading 2
3. third level: 1.2.3 Heading 3
4. forth level: (a) Heading 4
5. fifth level: (1) Heading 5
3.6
References
Number citations consecutively in square brackets [1]. The
sentence punctuation follows the brackets [2]. Multiple
references [2], [3] are each numbered with separate brackets
[1][3]. Please note that the references at the end of this
document are in the preferred referencing style. Please ensure
that the provided references are complete with all the details
and also cited inside the manuscript (example: page numbers,
year of publication, publishers name etc.).

4. Equations
3.2
Body paragraphs
The main text for your paragraphs should be 10pt font. All
body paragraphs (except the beginning of a section/subsection) should have the first line indented about 3.6 mm
(0.14").
3.3
Figures and Tables
Place illustrations (figures, tables, drawings, and photographs)
throughout the paper at the places where they are first
discussed in the text, rather than at the end of the paper.
Number illustrations sequentially (but number tables
separately). Place the illustration numbers and caption under
the illustration in 10 pt font. Do not allow illustrations to
extend into the margins or the gap between columns (except 2column illustrations may cross the gap). If your figure has two
parts, include the labels (a) and (b).

If you are using Word, use either the Microsoft Equation

Editor or the MathType add-on (http://www.mathtype.com) for
equations in your paper (Insert | Object | Create New |
Microsoft Equation or MathType Equation). Float over text
should not be selected.
Number equations consecutively with equation numbers in
parentheses flush with the right margin, as in (1). First use the
equation editor to create the equation. Then select the
Equation markup style. Press the tab key and write the
equation number in parentheses.
P K
E ( opk ) 2
p 1 k 1

(1)

5. Other recommendations
Equalize the length of your columns on the last page. If you
are using Word, proceed as follows: Insert/Break/Continuous.

References
Author Name, IJSRM volume issue June 2013 [www.ijsrm.in]

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[1] Ganesan v, (2003), Internal Combustion Engines, Tata

McGraw Hill,
[2] Jan A. WAJAND, Adam FIC A Two-Stroke
engine With Uniflow Valve Scavenging of Cylinder
The And A Transfer Valve In The Piston Crown
[3] J.B. Heywood, Internal Combustion Engine
Fundamentals, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1988
[4] P. L. Herzog, L. Burgler E. Winklhofer, P. Zelenka, W.
Cartellieri, NOx reduction strategies for DI diesel
engines, SAE Paper920470,1992.
[5] H. Erlach, F. Chmela, W. Cartellieri, P. Herzog, Pressure
modulated injection and its effect on combustion and
emissions of a HD diesel engine, SAE Paper 952059,
1995.
[6] J. R. Needham, M. P. May, D. M. Doyle, S. A. Faulkner,
Injection timing and rate control a solution for low
emissions, SAE Paper 900854, 1990.
[7]

Author Profile
<Author Photo>
Taro Denshi received the B.S. and M.S. degrees in
Electrical Engineering from Shibaura Institute of Technology
in 1997 and 1999, respectively. During 1997-1999, he stayed
in Communications Research Laboratory (CRL), Ministry of
Posts and Telecommunications of Japan to study digital beam
forming antennas, mobile satellite communication systems,
and wireless access network using stratospheric platforms. He
now with DDI Tokyo Pocket Telephone, Inc.

Author Name, IJSRM volume issue June 2013 [www.ijsrm.in]

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