Calculations

Building Science 2 [ARC 3413] Integration with Design Studio 5

Chan Kah Leong, Leon 0310587

Lighting
Daylight Factor Calculation

Table 1: Typical illuminance values of natural daylight for different weather conditions
Date and time

: 7th Nov 2014, 12pm

Reading (Einternal) est.

: 1800lux

Daylight factor calculation formula

Standard direct sunlight (Einternal)

: 110000lux

Calculation

Daylight Factor (%)

Distribution
Very large with thermal and glare

Very bright

>6

Bright

36

Good

Average

13

Fair

Dark

01

Zone

problems

The daylight factor value of 1.636% respectively when compared to the MS1525 table
above fall under the zone average which means the distribution of illumination is fair.
The building faces the direction of the sun rising and setting, plus the fact that the
entrance of the building has almost no wall elements to suppress lighting coming from
the exterior.

Lumen Method

Location

Dimension

Retail Store
Length (L)

= 6m

Width (W)

= 10m

Height of the ceiling

= 3.5m

Area (A)

30 m2

Height of luminaires

2.7m

Height of work plane

0.7m

Vertical distance from work plane

to luminaries (H)
Type of area

1.5m
Retail, Shopping, Store

Recommended average
illumination levels by MS 1525

500lux

(E)
Ceiling
Reflectance value

: Plaster, White (40-

50%)
Wall

: Plaster, White (40-50%)

Floor
(
Room Index

Utilisation factor (UF)

75%

: Tiles, Dark grey (10-25%)

)

Type of light

Philips StyliD Compact, 2000 lumen (F)

0.9
Maintenance factor (MF)

Location

Rooftop Cafe

Dimension

Length (L)

= 10 m

Number of light required

11 lamps are required to achieve
recommended average illuminance levels
by MS 1525. Thus rounded off for a
uniform distribution, 12 lamps will be better
in a 4 x 3 lamp configuration.

Width (W)

= 11 m

Height of the ceiling

= 3.5m

Area (A)

110 m2

Height of luminaires

2.7m

Height of work plane

0.7m

Vertical distance from work plane

to luminaries (H)
Number of luminaires
Type of area

1.5m
30

Restaurant, Bar, Dining Rooms

Recommended average
illumination levels by MS 1525

200lux

(E)
Ceiling
Reflectance value

: Plaster, White (40-

50%)
Wall

: Plaster, White (40-50%)

Floor
(

: Tiles, Dark grey (10-25%)

)

Room Index

Utilisation factor (UF)

75%

Type of light

Philips Master LED spot, 370 lumen (F)

0.9
Maintenance factor (MF)

Number of light required

86 lamps are required to achieve
recommended average illuminance levels
by MS 1525. Thus rounded off for a
uniform distribution, 88 lamps will be better
in a 8 x 11 lamp configuration.

Location

Dimension

Patio Dining and Food Stalls

Length (L)

= 15 m

Width (W)

= 9.5 m

Height of the ceiling

= 3.5m

Area (A)

142.5 m2

Height of luminaires

2.7m

Height of work plane

0.7m

Vertical distance from work plane

to luminaries (H)
Number of luminaires
Type of area

1.5m
30

Food preparation, Dining Rooms

Recommended average
illumination levels by MS 1525

500lux

(E)
Ceiling
Reflectance value

: Plaster, White (40-

50%)
Wall

: Plaster, White (40-50%)

Floor
(

: Tiles, Dark grey (10-25%)

)

Room Index

Utilisation factor (UF)

75%

Type of light

Philips Pendant Lights, 1200 lumen (F)

0.9
Maintenance factor (MF)

Number of light required

88 lamps are required to achieve

recommended average illuminance levels
by MS 1525 in a 8 x 11 lamp configuration.

Acoustics
Loading Bay

i) Reverberation Time, RT

Building

Material

Colour

Area, A

Element
(m)

Absorption

Sound

Coefficient

Absorption,

(500 Hz)

Sa

Wall

Concrete

White

71.1

0.04

2.85

Floor

Concrete

Grey

25.2

0.04

1.01

Ceiling

Plaster

Beige

25.2

0.02

0.50

Human

5 people

0.42

2.10

(1.7 m)

Total Absorption (A)

8.56

RT = 0.16 x V / A
= 0.16 x 88.2 / 8.56
= 1.64s

The reverberation time for the loading bay in 500Hz of absorption coefficient in 500Hz is 1.64s.
According to the standard of reverberation time the standard comfort reverberation is between
0.8s - 1.3s. The reverberation time exceeds the comfort level slightly.

ii) Sound Reduction Index Calculation, SRI

Building

Materials

Surface Area,

SRI (dB)

Elements

S (m )

Transmission

Sn x Tcn

Co. (Tcn)

Wall

Concrete

16.35

42

6.3 x 10 -5

Door

Timber

4.3

36

2.51 x 10

-4

1.03 x 10 -3
1.08 x 10

-3

To calculate transmission loss on materials, the formula below is used:

SRI = TL = 10 log10 (1/Tav) where Tav = Average transmission coefficient of materials.
SRI =10 log10 (1/Tav), Tav = [ (S1 x Tc1) + (S2 x Tc2) +.. (Sn x Tcn) ] divided by total surface area.

Concrete wall:

Timber door:

SRI = 10 log10 ( 1 / Tconcrete )

SRI = 10 log10 ( 1 / Tglass )

42 = 10 log10 ( 1 / Tconcrete )

36 = 10 log10 ( 1 / Tglass )

Tconcrete = 6.3 x 10 -5

Ttimber = 2.51 x 10 -4

Average transmission coefficient of materials:

Tav = [6.3 x 10 -5 + 2.51 x 10 -4 ] [ 16.35 + 4.3 ]

Tav = 1.52 x 10 -5

Total sound reduction index , SRI of the wall:

SRI = 10 log10 ( 1 / 1.52 x 10
SRI = 48.1 dB

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Cafe

Rooftop

i) Reverberation Time, RT

Building

Material

Colour

Area, A

Element
(m)

Absorption

Sound

Coefficient

Absorption,

(500 Hz)

Sa

Wall

Glass

Transparent

43.23

0.04

1.73

Wall

Concrete

White

105.3

0.04

4.21

Floor

Concrete

White

110

0.04

4.4

Ceiling

Plaster

Beige

110

0.02

2.2

Human

25 people

0.42

10.5

(1.7 m)

Total Absorption (A)

23.04

RT = 0.16 x V / A
= 0.16 x 385 / 23.04
= 2.67s

The reverberation time for the rooftop cafe in 500Hz of absorption coefficient in 500Hz is 2.67s.
According to the standard of reverberation time the standard comfort reverberation is between
0.8s - 1.3s. The reverberation time exceeds the comfort level by more than 1 second.

ii) Sound Reduction Index Calculation, SRI

Building

Materials

Surface Area,

SRI (dB)

S (m2)

Elements

Transmission

Sn x Tcn

Co. (Tcn)
-5

Wall

Concrete

12

42

6.3 x 10

Wall

Glass

50

29

1.26 x 10 -3

6.3 x 10

-4

5.92 x 10 -2

To calculate transmission loss on materials, the formula below is used:

SRI = TL = 10 log10 (1/Tav) where Tav = Average transmission coefficient of materials.

SRI =10 log10 (1/Tav), Tav = [ (S1 x Tc1) + (S2 x Tc2) +.. (Sn x Tcn) ] divided by total surface area.

Concrete wall:

Glass wall:

SRI = 10 log10 ( 1 / Tconcrete )

SRI = 10 log10 ( 1 / Tglass )

42 = 10 log10 ( 1 / Tconcrete )

29 = 10 log10 ( 1 / Tglass )

Tconcrete = 6.3 x 10 -5

Ttimber = 1.26 x 10 -3

Average transmission coefficient of materials:

Tav = [6.3 x 10 -5 + 1.26 x 10 -3] [ 12 + 50 ]

Tav = 2.13 x 10 -5

Total sound reduction index , SRI of the wall:

SRI = 10 log10 ( 1 / 2.13 x 10
SRI = 46.7 dBS

-5