Académique Documents
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Synthetic (freeform)
Includes various types of spline; Cubic spline, B-spline
and Bezier curve
Ken Youssefi
Curve Entities
Methods utilized by CAD/CAM systems to create curve
Defining points
Ken Youssefi
Geometric modifiers
Curve Entities
Methods of defining points
Ken Youssefi
Geometric modifiers
Curve Entities
Methods of defining lines
Ken Youssefi
Curve Entities
Methods of defining lines
Ken Youssefi
Curve Entities
Ken Youssefi
Creo
AutoCAD
SW
Ken Youssefi
Curve Entities
Methods of defining ellipses and parabolas
Ken Youssefi
AutoCAD
SW
Creo
Ken Youssefi
Parallel
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P
Focus
A
P
Parabola
Directrix
Ken Youssefi
PP = PF
AA = AF
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Light rays
Light source
Eye piece
Searchlight mirror
Telescope mirror
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Parabola
Parabola
Zero g
Zero g
Load
= Mc/I = M / Z
Ken Youssefi
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Odeillo Font-Romeux, France, location of the world's largest solar furnace, a parabolic reflector
that focuses solar radiation at a point to generate extremely high temperatures. Sixty-three flat
mirrors, installed on eight terraces, reflect the solar radiation on the eight-story high parabolic
reflector. Every position is calculated so that the reflected light is parallel to the symmetry axis of
the paraboloid. The reflector then concentrates the energy in the focal zone about 18 meters in
front of the paraboloid, The typical range of available temperature is from 800 to 2500C (1475
to 4500F), with a maximum reachable temperature of approximately 3800C (6850F). These
temperatures correspond to a maximum thermal power of about 1000 kW.
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On a bicycle, you might find a chainwheel (the gear that is connected to the
pedal cranks) that is approximately elliptical in shape. Here the difference
between the major and minor axes of the ellipse is used to account for
differences in the speed and force applied
Elliptical gears are used for certain applications
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Conic Curves
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Radio
Thermos
Coffee Press
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A cubical polynomial is
the minimum order
polynomial that can
guarantee the
generation of the curve.
3
P(x) = Cixi
i=0
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Control point
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Cubic spline
Bezier curve
B-spline curve
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The control of the curve is not very obvious from the input data. Changing
the data points (end points) and the slope, changes the entire shape of the
spline. This does not provide an intuitive feel required for design, not very
popular.
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Ken Youssefi
The slope and shape of the Bezier curve is controlled by its data
points. Unlike the cubic curve that the Tangent vector controls the
shape. This provides the designer with a much better feel for the
relationship between the input points and the output curve.
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Bernstein polynomials
Point on the
curve
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The data points of the Bezier curve are called control points. Only
the first and the last control points lie on the curve. The other points
define the shape of the curve.
The curve is always tangent to the first and the last polygon
segment. The curve shape tends to follow the polygon shape.
Characteristic polygon
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The curve never oscillates wildly away from its defining control
points
The size of the convex hull is the upper bound on the size of the
curve itself.
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Cubic curve
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As the degree decreases, the generated B-spline curve moves closer to its
control polyline.
Ken Youssefi
7 degree
5 degree
3 degree
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Multiple control points induce regions of high curvature, increase the number of
multiplicity to pull the curve towards the control point (3 points at P3)
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Bezier curve
B-spline curve
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2013/14 version
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SW
2012/2013
Select Tools
and then
Sketch Entities
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Parabola Command in SW
2 - Select the Apex
Parabola
End
End
Focus
Vertex
Ken Youssefi
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Spline Command in SW
Cubic Spline Curve SolidWorks generates a smooth curve passing through all
data points. The shape can be manipulated by control points and tangent vectors.
Data point #2
Point #2 modified
from (1,1) to (1,2)
Point #
X & Y coordinates of
the point, Y changed
from 1 to 2.
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Spline Command in SW
The spline shape can be modified by
manipulating the tangent vector for each
point.
Size (weight)
angle
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Spline Toolbar in SW
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Mathematical
Equation
x + sin(x)
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Spline in Creo
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Spline in Creo
Interpolation
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Creo
5 control points (data points)
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Spline in Creo
B-Spline
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Splines
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Extrapolation
Cubic
polynomial
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Closed option
Convex hull
Open option
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By Poles
Causes the spline to gravitate towards each data point (that is, pole), but
not pass through it, except at the endpoints.
Through
Points
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Youssefi
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Fit
A specified tolerance is used in "fitting" the spline to its data points; the
spline does not necessarily pass through the points.
Perpendicular
to Planes
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Parabola Command in NX
A parabola is a set of points equidistant from a point (the focus) and a line
(the directrix), lying in a plane parallel to the work plane. The default parabola
is constructed with its axis of symmetry parallel to the XC axis.
To create a parabola:
Indicate the vertex for the parabola using the Point Constructor.
Define the creation parameters of the parabola.
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Hyperbola Command in NX
This option allows you to create a hyperbola. By definition, a
hyperbola contains two curves - one on either side of its center. In NX,
only one of these curves is constructed. The center lies at the
intersection of the asymptotes and the axis of symmetry passes through
this intersection. The hyperbola is rotated from the positive XC axis
about the center and lies in a plane parallel to the XC-YC plane.
To create a hyperbola:
Indicate the center of the hyperbola
using Point Constructor.
Define the parameters of the
hyperbola.
A hyperbola has two axes: a
transverse axis and a conjugate
axis. The semi-transverse and
semi-conjugate parameters refer to
half the length of these axes. The
relationship between these two
axes determines the slope of the
curve.
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Revolved feature
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Revolved
feature
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Overview of Conics
Conics are created
mathematically by sectioning
cones. The type of curve that
results from the section depends
on the angle at which the section
passes through the cone. A conic
curve is located with its center at
the point you specify, in a plane
parallel to the work plane (the
XC-YC plane).
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2013/14 version
Creating a conic in SolidWorks is very simple. It builds much like a 3point-arc, but instead of adjusting a radius value, we adjust a parameter
called Rho (). If you imagine the conic as a rounded corner, then Rho is
the ratio of the distance of the peak of the rounded corner to the sharp
corner (D1/D2). This gives us an intuitive way to adjust the curvature of
the conic without having to delve into which type of conic section it is, or
what its mathematical eccentricity is.
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