List of Common Adverbs

abnormally

badly

calmly

daily

easily

absentmindedly

bashfully

carefully

daintily

elegantly

accidentally

beautifully

carelessly

dearly

energetically

acidly

bitterly

cautiously

deceivingly

enormously

actually

bleakly

certainly

delightfully

enthusiastically

adventurously

blindly

cheerfully

deeply

equally

afterwards

blissfully

clearly

defiantly

especially

almost

boastfully

cleverly

deliberately

even

always

boldly

closely

delightfully

evenly

angrily

bravely

coaxingly

diligently

eventually

annually

briefly

colorfully

dimly

exactly

anxiously

brightly

commonly

doubtfully

excitedly

arrogantly

briskly

continually

dreamily

extremely

awkwardly

broadly

coolly

busily

correctly
courageously
crossly
cruelly
curiously

fairly

generally

happily

immediately

jaggedly

faithfully

generously

hastily

innocently

jealously

famously

gently

healthily

inquisitively

joshingly

far

gladly

heavily

instantly

joyfully

fast

gleefully

helpfully

intensely

joyously

fatally

gracefully

helplessly

intently

jovially

ferociously

gratefully

highly

interestingly

jubilantly

fervently

greatly

honestly

inwardly

judgementally

fiercely

greedily

hopelessly

irritably

justly

fondly

hourly

foolishly

hungrily

fortunately
frankly
frantically
freely
frenetically
frightfully
fully
furiously

keenly

lazily

madly

naturally

obediently

kiddingly

less

majestically

nearly

obnoxiously

kindheartedly

lightly

meaningfully

neatly

oddly

kindly

likely

mechanically

needily

offensively

kissingly

limply

merrily

nervously

officially

knavishly

lively

miserably

never

often

knottily

loftily

mockingly

nicely

only

knowingly

longingly

monthly

noisily

openly

knowledgeably

loosely

more

not

optimistically

kookily

lovingly

mortally

overconfidently

loudly

mostly

owlishly

loyally

mysteriously

painfully

quaintly

rapidly

sadly

tenderly

partially

quarrelsomely

rarely

safely

tensely

patiently

queasily

readily

scarcely

terribly

perfectly

queerly

really

scarily

thankfully

physically

questionably

reassuringly

searchingly

thoroughly

playfully

questioningly

recklessly

sedately

thoughtfully

politely

quicker

regularly

seemingly

tightly

poorly

quickly

reluctantly

seldom

tomorrow

positively

quietly

repeatedly

selfishly

too

potentially

quirkily

reproachfully

separately

tremendously

powerfully

quizzically

restfully

seriously

triumphantly

promptly

righteously

shakily

truly

properly

rightfully

sharply

truthfully

punctually

rigidly

sheepishly

roughly

shrilly

rudely

shyly
silently
sleepily
slowly
smoothly
softly
solemnly
solidly
sometimes
soon
speedily
stealthily
sternly
strictly
successfully
suddenly
surprisingly
suspiciously
sweetly
swiftly
sympathetically

ultimately

vacantly

warmly

yawningly

zealously

unabashedly

vaguely

weakly

yearly

zestfully

unaccountably

vainly

wearily

yearningly

zestily

unbearably

valiantly

well

yesterday

unethically

vastly

wetly

yieldingly

unexpectedly

verbally

wholly

youthfully

unfortunately

very

wildly

unimpressively

viciously

willfully

unnaturally

victoriously

wisely

unnecessarily

violently

woefully

utterly

vivaciously

wonderfully

upbeat

voluntarily

worriedly

upliftingly

wrongly

upright
upside-down
upward
upwardly
urgently
usefully
uselessly
usually
utterly

List of the Most Common Prepositions

A through D

E through M

N through R

S through W

aboard

except

near

save

about

excepting

next

since

above

excluding

absent
across
after
against
along
alongside

following

than
through

for

on

till

from

on top of

times

amid
amidst
among

in

anti

in front of

around

inside

as

instead of

at

into

atop

of
off

onto

to

opposite

toward

out of

towards

outside
over
under
underneath
past

unlike

per

until

plus

up

like
before

upon
regarding

behind

round

below

mid

versus

beneath

minus

via

beside
besides
between

with

beyond

within

but

without

by

concerning
considering

despite
down
during

Countable / Uncountable Nouns

In connection with much / many people often speak of countable nouns and uncountable nouns.
Countable nouns have a singular and a plural form. In plural, these nouns can be used with a number
(that's why they are called 'countable nouns'). Countable nouns take many.

Example:
100 friends many friends
Uncountable nouns can only be used in singular. These nouns cannot be used with a number (that's why
they are called 'uncountable nouns'). Uncountable nouns take much.

Example:
100 money much money
Note: Of course you can count money but then you would name the currency and say that you have got
5 euro (but not 5 money).

Table of English Tenses

tense

Affirmative/Negative/Qu
estion

Use

Signal Words

action in the present taking place

once, never or several times
facts
actions taking place one after
another
action set by a timetable or
schedule

always, every , never,

normally, often, seldom,
sometimes, usually
if sentences type I (If I talk, )

Simple Present

A: He speaks.
N: He does not speak.
Q: Does he speak?

Present
Progressive

A: He is speaking.
N: He is not speaking.
Q: Is he speaking?

action taking place in the

moment of speaking
action taking place only for a
limited period of time
action arranged for the future

at the moment, just, just now,

Listen!, Look!, now, right now

Simple Past

A: He spoke.
N: He did not speak.
Q: Did he speak?

action in the past taking place

once, never or several times
actions taking place one after
another
action taking place in the middle
of another action

yesterday, 2 minutes ago, in

1990, the other day, last Friday
if sentence type II (If I
talked, )

Past Progressive

A: He was speaking.
N: He was not speaking.
Q: Was he speaking?

Present Perfect
Simple

A: He has spoken.
N: He has not spoken.
Q: Has he spoken?

Present Perfect
Progressive

A: He has been speaking.

N: He has not been
speaking.
Q: Has he been
speaking?

putting emphasis on the course all day, for 4 years, since 1993,
or duration (not the result)
how long?, the whole week
action that recently stopped or is
still going on
finished action that influenced the
present

Past Perfect
Simple

A: He had spoken.
N: He had not spoken.
Q: Had he spoken?

action taking place before a

certain time in the past
sometimes interchangeable with
past perfect progressive
putting emphasis only on the fact
(not the duration)

Past Perfect
Progressive

A: He had been speaking.

N: He had not been
speaking.
Q: Had he been
speaking?

action taking place before a

for, since, the whole day, all
certain time in the past
day
sometimes interchangeable with
past perfect simple
putting emphasis on the duration
or course of an action

Future I Simple

A: He will speak.

action in the future that cannot be in a year, next , tomorrow

action going on at a certain time when, while, as long as

in the past
actions taking place at the same
time
action in the past that is
interrupted by another action
putting emphasis on the result
action that is still going on
action that stopped recently
finished action that has an
influence on the present
action that has taken place once,
never or several times before the
moment of speaking

already, ever, just, never, not

yet, so far, till now, up to now

already, just, never, not yet,

once, until that day
if sentence type III (If I had
talked, )

N: He will not speak.

Q: Will he speak?

influenced
spontaneous decision
assumption with regard to the
future

If-Satz Typ I (If you ask her,

she will help you.)
assumption: I think, probably,
perhaps

Future I Simple
(going to)

A: He is going to speak. decision made for the future

in one year, next week,
N: He is not going to
conclusion with regard to the future tomorrow
speak.
Q: Is he going to speak?

Future I
Progressive

A: He will be speaking.
action that is going on at a in one year, next week,
N: He will not be
tomorrow
certain time in the future
speaking.
action that is sure to happen
Q: Will he be speaking? in the near future

Future II Simple

A: He will have spoken.

action that will be finished by Monday, in a week
N: He will not have
at a certain time in the future
spoken.
Q: Will he have spoken?

Future II
Progressive

A: He will have been

action taking place before a for , the last couple of hours,
speaking.
all day long
certain time in the future
N: He will not have been
putting emphasis on the
speaking.
course of an action
Q: Will he have been
speaking?

Conditional I
Simple

A: He would speak.
N: He would not speak.
Q: Would he speak?

Conditional I
Progressive

A: He would be speaking.
action that might take place
N: He would not be
putting emphasis on the
speaking.
course / duration of the action
Q: Would he be
speaking?

Conditional II
Simple

A: He would have
spoken.
N: He would not have
spoken.
Q: Would he have
spoken?

action that might have

taken place in the past

Conditional II
Progressive

A: He would have been

speaking.
N: He would not have
been speaking.
Q: Would he have been
speaking?

action that might have taken

place in the past
puts emphasis on the course
/ duration of the action

action that might take place if sentences type II

(If I were you, I would go
home.)

if sentences type III

(If I had seen that, I would
have helped.)