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Introduction

Flax seed oil extraction is a rising business and a greatly demanded product nowadays. It helps in
various fields such as Medication, Live Stock feed and in construction portions such as flooring
of the houses. The following assignment describes the process of oil extraction from flax seed,
the various procedures that need to be carried out and the side products produced from it. It
explains the about the production of Flax Seed oil from the very beginning as a raw material then
to oil.

Question 1

Flaxseed, (Linum usitatissiumum) also called as linseed in general, is oldest cultivated crops
with evidence of cultivation since thousands of years. It is prized for its fibre and oil. The fibre is
produced from the stocks of the crop and used to make fine linen and paper. Besides, the oil is
used majorly for industrial purposes. The oil is mostly best known for its function in the
manufacturing of paints and floor coverings (linoleum). The remaining by-product after oil
extraction is flaxseed meal or linseed meal. It is a source of protein used as feeding in livestock,
especially for ruminant animals. It is also used in livestock production because of its medicinal
properties, in specific for its functions like a laxative as well as for making skin and hair quality
better.

Question 2

Process of Extraction

1)
Receiving The crops of the flax seed are received in huge quantities from the local
farmers and at a times even from importers of the corresponding nation. After they are received,
they are removed from their sacs so that they can be moved ahead into the machinery portion of
the industry, the removed sacs can be reused or sold, if the sacs are damaged they are named as
the solid waste.
2)
Cleaning The second part of the process is included with cleaning, in which the
screenings (Filters) are used to remove the coverings of the seed as well as removing tiny
particles and useless leaves or plant parts that come in with the sacs. This is basically done by the
human labours, but for larger scale industries the separation machines are also used.
3)
Pre-Conditioning The seeds have moisture and are not totally clean even after
filtering, hence in this process the seeds are cleaned more finely and dried properly so that the
percentage of moisture drops to ten percent, however the moisture percentage of different oil
seeds are different.
4)
Cooking- After the seeds are cleaned properly they are sent into the VAT (Vacuum
Autoclave Temperature) where it is mixed directly with the steam in a specific ratio which is
good for boiling and helps is increasing the yield of the oil at the temperature of 75-80 degree
Celsius.
5)
Expelling - Oil Expellers are the Single Cylinder presses which are used to extract the
oil and separate gum (flax seed residue) from the mixture obtained after expelling.
6)
De- solventization The leftover mixture is passed through with Hexane( gas ) for
removing the phospholipids from oil, then the oil is stored in stills for a couple of weeks so that
it settles in a layer and easy to separate.
7)
Drying/Cooling When the oil is has settled and removed from the mixture (Gum +
water + oil) it is kept in the drying chamber and dried by the help of Novel adsorbents.

After the final product is obtained, it is packed in containers and sold ahead to distributors,
retailers and consumers.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

LAND, BIO-DIVERSITY AND WATER MANAGEMENT

ENERGY AND CARBON MANAGEMENT

SUPPLY CHAIN AND TRANSPORT MANAGEMENT

WASTE, POLLUTION AND RECYCLING MANAGEMENT

SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY IMPACT MANAGEMENT

LONG TERM SUSTAINIBILITY VISIONS

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

Introduction

In the present business environment, we can see that sustainable business management
has become an important part of the business tasks. A business with a lack of sustainable
management may not run properly for a long time period because the resources are limited and
they may run out of resources, which would stop them from introducing any business in future.
Because there was poor direction for companies and they couldn't preserve enough of the
resources within given time, the history of sustainable business has been weak. As Jason J Drew
stated, Previously people talked about win-win business deals, they were nave, the
environment always lost in the sustainable business entrepreneur (2012). The above quote
clarifies with a message that the company's motives were to make profits, ignoring other factors
at the same time loosing the environment and their skill to cash on resources in future.
There are some organizations which do not manage to complete the requirement of
sustainable business management, these are one of those companies which are wrapping up
because of the lack of sustainability of business management, pollution, global warming and
other issues. This is a sort of a wakeup call for the societies and businessmen for stopping the
ignorance of these important issues which can cause crucial problems in future businesses.

SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS

The present documents focuses on Flax seed oil extraction company. Flax seed oil
extracts is highly demanded in many fields, such as the most important ones, medical and
livestock feeding. It's byproducts are useful as well, which is supplied to the construction fields,

for example the flooring of houses and flats. This report displays

the practical plan and

advantageous suggestions for managing the company sustainably. It also focuses on the general
issues faced by the company and sustainable solutions for making it a sustainable business and
for overcoming the problems..
Taking the business environment in concern, it is not possible to introduce a business
which achieves 100% sustainability, which a strict statement on its own. However, discussing
about the processes of flaxseed oil extraction one limitation we face is the high level usage of
electricity for running the machinery which grows higher with the higher scale of extraction.
Secondly, the water used throughout the steps of oil extraction gets contaminated and colored.
This water is later on treated in the water treatment plants which brings back it to a good enough
level for dispatching it in water bodies, though it is not fully decolorized.
The following report will show the various issues of non-sustainability and
recommendations on how these issues can be over run and made sustainable 1) Land, Bio-Diversity and Water Management
2) Energy and Carbon Management
3)Supply Chain and Transport Management
4) Waste Pollution and Recycling Management
5)Social Sustainability Impact Management
6)Long-Term Sustainability Vision

1) LAND, BIO-DIVERSITY AND WATER MANAGEMENT

Land is the most basic and an important part for projects ran over by a company.
Moreover, it is subjected to the usage and management of machineries which require a larger
part of the areas included within the boundaries of a city, why may or may not prohibit the usage
of land for other purposes. This becomes a problem for an economy because the land has a larger
variety of usage apart from being commissioning medium scale industries such as Flax seed oil
extraction. It has also been seen that after a long and continuous usage, the industrial land
becomes barren which devaluates it's price and demolishes it's qualities for being utilized for
other purposes. (Tandfonline.com, 2014)
Looking at the water usage, the quantity of water used is a major concern, the total usage of
water increases over 100.00M3/Mohr, which is a huge amount and as well as the only water
resources are seawater and municipal water. In the flax seed oil extraction the water is used
mainly for two purposes, firstly as steam for cooking the seeds which, secondly for cooling in
condensers. The water used for cooking gets colorized and contaminated with chemicals and
water used for condensing attains high temperature and is discharged into seawater, contributing
to global warming.

Recommendations

For preserving these two important resources, a proper planning of processes is done. Before the
water gets discharged into seawaters it is processed in the cooling towers. A cooling tower is a
heat removal device that removes heat to the atmosphere by cooling down the hot water to
normal temperature. Hence, treating the water in cooling plants helps in preventing global
warming. Taking the land in concern, to prevent it from becoming barren it can be afforested by
planting indigenous and endangered species maintaining the soil fertility and greenery. This will
help in reducing direct impacts to the economy and the land would be ready for utilization of
other purposes.

2) ENERGY AND CARBON MANAGEMENT

The process of extraction of oil is carried out by various machines involved in the process
such as Expeller, Condenser, Boiler and Generator(electricity production for running the
machines and other electronic equipments in the factory). Boiler is used for producing the steam
which is done by burning the coal in the boiler which produces Carbon-Di-Oxide. The emission
of CO2 from coal burning is very high and it contributes to the global warming issues rapidly.
Managing the carbon is very important these days in order to prevent the threats of Global
Warming in future. Apart from all this Generators also produce harmful smoke which leads to air
pollution, leading to various respiratory diseases and destruction of Ozone layer. But there is no
alternate way of producing energy for this process except than Generators. Therefore, it is
compulsory to manage the smoke emitted from the running of generators.

Recommendations

The recommendations for managing Carbon-Di-Oxide, harmful smoke and other things has been
a great issue for oil extraction industry. Various organizations already took actions to come over
these issues. While managing the emission of Carbon-Di-Oxide we can upgrade the equipment
used for producing and transporting oil. The industrial site implementation of sustainable
management technologies can reduce the emissions by 5% by focusing carefully on energy
consumption by measuring the energy performance parameters. The industry can take initiatives
by building emission control devices on the site to reduce the greenhouse gases. Transporting of
carbon dioxide would result in food for plantation, on the other side fly ash can be supplied to
the cement industries, which unintentionally results into recycling of waste. (Nsloilchem.com.sg,
2014)
The smoke produced from the Generators and burning coal in the Boilers can be reduced and
cleared by installing Electrostatic Precipitators on the exits of the chimneys. The electrostatic
precipitators help in carbon and harmful reduction by filtering the smoke with the help of special
filters installed inside them. These filters trap the solid and harmful particles in the smoke as well
as reduce the amount of smoke which is released.

3) SUPPLY CHAIN AND TRANSPORT MANAGEMENT


The raw materials supplied to the company, originates from better places. The Flax Seed which
is the most essential of all is generally supplied to them from North India. Very little can be said
in regards to the suppliers as there are bounty and this is a chaotic segment of the business. It is
the means by which this industry lives up to expectations in India. For packaging of the extracted
oil before it is traded, they utilize tin containers. Additionally, when the company needs to send
samples, it is wrapped in plastic wraps and afterward sent. These packaging materials they utilize
are non-biodegradable. The transportation of a some of the gasses, for example, carbon dioxide
can also result in food plantation. Transport likewise needs to be managed proficiently. At the
point when a stock is prepared to be sent out it must be transported to the suppliers. The trucks
utilized by the organization must be generally kept up to give ideal fuel effectiveness.

Recommendation

From the supplier's side the perspectives won't be talked about in this report. The Oil extraction
industry can change a percentage of the materials they use in packaging. They ought to decide on
more eco-friendly containers. These containers can be reused by the clients for different purposes
later. With respect to sending samples, which is enormous piece of this industry, it can make
their own particular bio-degradable packages from the abundance unused remains in the
production line to decrease the utilization of paper wraps. While trading the oil , they ought to be
exceptionally careful so that the containers are not harmed and they wind up needing to utilize
more. Different things identify with the vehicle of carbon and waste management. The Flax seed
oil extraction company ought to take activity, for example, building discharge control gears at
their plant site to reduce the greenhouse gasses. The company can also research over the carbon
foot shaped impression reporting which will break down the carbon reducing through the year.
The transportation of a some of the gasses, for example, carbon dioxide can also result in food
plantation. Transport likewise needs to be managed proficiently. At the point when a stock is
prepared to be sent out it must be transported to the suppliers. The trucks utilized by the
organization must be generally kept up to give ideal fuel effectiveness.
.

4) WASTE, POLLUTION AND RECYCLING MANAGEMENT

While the process of oil extraction from flax seed is carried on, there is a lot of waste
material generated. It poses a great threat to environment as environment is waste sensitive. As
well as economy also gets affected through the contaminated air. These factors forces the
companies and government to get sustainable management from the industries. The electric
wastage also drowns the resources for humans threatening them for losses in future. The
contaminated water discharged into the seas also endangers the sea life. The smoke contains
hazardous gases which causes greater difficulties for human lives when exposed to the
atmosphere.

Recommendations

However, the byproducts of flax seed oil can be used as livestock feeding, enhancing the
pork, feeding the rations and others. It also produces the cake and phospholipids as by products
that can be used as medicinal purposes at some extent. Traditionally, it has been used primarily
in equine and bovine diets.. It can be counted as a poultry diet if used in the proper and planned
ratios and formulated appropriately. Various industries are now supplying poultry product which
are enriched with omega-3 done by feeding of flaxseed. The remains of the flaxseed can also be
supplied to construction fields where it can be used as flooring and other purposes such as
paints(Wri.org, 2014).
If the company carries out the methods of waste recycling and mitigating, it would help
in achieving sustainable business management. There are various techniques in the process of
recycling waste and using it as energy components which would help in the creation of

greenhouse food as well as in managing waste and pollution. The generation of electricity can be
also done appropriately without disturbing the components of nature. (Cdmc.epp.cmu.edu, 2014)

.
5) SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY IMPACT MANAGEMENT

The social sustainability happens to be the most important part while it comes for
preserving the environment and making society better simultaneously with demanded and
necessary maintenance of industries and economy. Sustainability of resources and preserving the
ecological system has gained a lot of importance since, the population is increasing as well as the
demand for things. Although we know that production and extraction of oil helps the society in
various ways but in turn we cannot devastate others life and affect their future needs. Sustainable
business management id a kind of management that involves in meeting the current requirements
without impacting the tendency of future generations so that they can meet their needs without
any problems. This industry of Flax seed oil extraction contributes to social welfare via donating
to the orphanages and doing charities for the upcoming generations.

Recommendations

The company now should give importance to things where they need to maintain a
balance between the current desires of oil extraction as well as preserving and enhancing the
environment at the same time. It should donate some percent of the extra profit made from
recycling and sale of byproducts to the charities and development portion. Apart from donations
they can utilize the greenhouse requirements for over running the issues caused because of the
emission of hazardous gases from chimneys of the boiler and generators leading to the depletion
of Ozone layer and causing air pollution. A few measures towards reduction of pollution and
conservation of resources can be taken by planting those species of plants and trees which are
endangered for society. It can be done by cooperating with CSR activities(Wri.org, 2014). This
would contribute in making the company achieve their primary aims and goals as well as
secondary ones too. Although the prime objective shall be, providing society with a better life at
low cost apart from their profit making intentions.

6) LONG TERM SUSTAINIBILITY VISIONS

The future viewpoint from the present situation does not appear to be great as more
disturbance of sources is carried on and the environmental parity is not kept up. There
has been parcel of coal burning being carried out and additional use of assets, which

infers lesser assets for the future era and more issues to manage. This would likewise
suggest that organizations would have less business to manage as there would not be
any assets to concentrate and individuals to manage. The principle justification
behind the organizations utilizing broad assets suggests that the organization ought to
be less reliant on them and move their concentrate on assets which can be restored
and utilized as a part without bounds for different purposes. The more seasoned
strategies for oil extraction would in the long run cause deterrent in survival of human
life and future viewpoint also. The future era would face part of troubles and battle in
adjusting their life and the others in it.
Various organizations are there which are trying constant efforts in the perspective of
manageability and protecting of assets and bringing about a noticeable improvement
on earth. Nonetheless, the organizations need to work with these associations and in
addition with the legislatures so as to take the activity towards a superior society and
supportable business. Constant efforts ought to be produced using their side so
sustainable management is kept up at last.

Given beneath are a couple of more proposals which are all the more long haul objectives. These
proposals may be somewhat more costly and hard to execute yet they will make real
commitments to the manageable quality of the business.

Redesigning treatment plant


The current poisonous treatment plant in their general vicinity is not exceptionally effective.
There are still numerous situations where the water has been dirtied severely by all the
commercial enterprises in the zone. They ought to persuade alternate commercial enterprises also
to put some more cash in updating the treatment plant as this is a huge issue and could lead the
range to wind up inhabitable.
Utilization of more Bio-degradable materials
They ought to supplant all their current bundling materials. They ought to attempt and just utilize
bio-degradable materials for the enhancement of the nature's domain. Utilization of paper for
office work should likewise be carried out precisely to breaking point the use of paper.
Watchful utilization of power
Power use ought to be carried out all the more cleverly. They ought to attempt and supplant all
their old hardware which have high utilization of power and get more advanced and vitality
proficient apparatus.
Reusing
Ashes, phospholipids and flax cake can we well used and supplied to other construction and
livestock feeding ares.

Flax seed oil extraction company can also focus on

If the power plants are placed near the seashores, this would help in cooling them down
faster eventually helping in saving the resources and making them renewable.

By applying methods of efficient carbon management which would produce food for
plants as well as transportation at the same time.

Achieving the reputation of the company being the most standard and reputated in the
fields of sustainability management amongst others.

Investing more on greenhouse measures resulting into prevention of global warming.

The farthest elimination of waste and pollution, making it more sustainable and earth a
better place to live. (GreenBiz, 2013)

CONCLUSION

This report is a following part of the other report(PART A) which explains how the company
carries out the processes of oil extraction like a sustainable business. It explains the various
environmental, society and other issues faced as well as provides the recommendations for
tackling those issues and 6 major steps. As well as it shows it's reputation of working off their
company as a sustainable business, being a great inspiration to other industries and provoking
them for using the most sustainable and eco-friendly methods for themselves. It explains how to
be more reliant on sustainable and renewable resources, making the earth a better place to live.
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