Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
MARCH 2012
LEDsmagazine.com
Manufacturing
SIL track focuses on
cost reduction P.27
SIL 2012
Lighting and Market
tracks P.32 & P.39
TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS OF LIGHT EMITTING DIODES
Ecosystems
How will future SSL
systems look? P.57
Markets
Growth in LED
lighting P.21
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_______________
__________________
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__________________________
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!"
#""
" !
#!
_____________________________
$%&'()%')
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ISSUE 50
2012
march
features
21
27
32
columns/departments
MARKETS
LED lighting market to grow while LED component
market goes flat
Laura Peters and Maury Wright
MANUFACTURING
NEWS +ANALYSIS
HB-LEDS
39
51
57
LEDsmagazine.com
LIGHTING
SSL must still clear hurdles to enable mass
adoption of LED lighting
Maury Wright
17
FUNDING+PROGRAMS
INDOOR LIGHTING
SSL ECOSYSTEMS
Ecosystems meeting paints future picture of
intelligent SSL systems
Laura Peters
64
MARCH 2012
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commentary
twhitaker@pennwell.com
ASSOCIATE EDITOR Nicole Pelletier
nicolep@pennwell.com
SENIOR TECHNICAL Maury Wright
EDITOR maurywright@gmail.com
SENIOR TECHNICAL Laura Peters
EDITOR laurap@pennwell.com
MARCH 2012
LEDs Magazine
98 Spit Brook Road, LL-1
Nashua, NH 03062-5737
Tel: +1 603 891-0123
Fax: +1 603 891-0574
www.ledsmagazine.com
SALES OFFICES
SALES MANAGER Mary Donnelly
(US EAST COAST) maryd@pennwell.com
twhitaker@pennwell.com
LEDsmagazine.com
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Aluminology...
SM
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FEATURED
| online
Webcasts:
Identifying Unique Testing
Requirements for LED Street Lights
DATE:
March 2012
PRESENTER:
February 2012
PRESENTERS:
Visit www.ledsmagazine.com/webcasts
to access upcoming and archived presentation.
White Papers:
Designing for Moldability
www.ledsmagazine.com/whitepapers/20
Understanding the IECEE CB Scheme:
The Definitive Q&A Guide to Achieving
International Approvals for Lighting Products
www.ledsmagazine.com/whitepapers/19
ADVERTISERS
events
MORE: www.ledsmagazine.com/events
index
LightFair International............................. 50
MBN GmbH............................................ 29
Sapa Industrial......................................... 5
MARCH 2012
LEDsmagazine.com
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Line Voltage
Dimmable
Drivers
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____________
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news
views
STRATEGIES IN LIGHT
COLLABORATION
AC-LEDS
Seoul Semiconductor
CEO outlines AC-LED
potential at SIL 2012
Philips Lighting has become the fi rst corporate partner to join The
Climate Groups three-year Clean Revolution campaign. The partnership aims to speed the global switch to LED lighting. The Climate
Group is an independent, not-for-profit organization working with governments and business leaders to advance policies, technologies and
financing that will accelerate low-carbon economic growth.
Marc de Jong, CEO of Professional Lighting Solutions at Philips, said:
We have joined the Clean Revolution campaign as we believe it is an
excellent avenue to further strengthen the case for LED lighting that
can lead to dramatic savings in energy and spur low-carbon growth,
while enhancing peoples feeling of security and comfort on streets, in
buildings, and at home.
Mark Kenber, CEO of The Climate Group, said that the Lightsavers program has conducted LED-lighting pilots in ten global cities,
including Hong Kong, London, New York and Mumbai. Our cooperation with Philips will allow us to further highlight the great cost-savings and energy-efficiency improvement LEDs provide and catalyze a
low-carbon transformation in lighting around the world, he said.
MORE:
www.ledsmagazine.com/news/9/2/27
LEDsmagazine.com
MARCH 2012
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news+views
RETAIL LIGHTING
www.ledsmagazine.com/news/9/2/31
PATENTS
www.ledsmagazine.com/news/9/2/28
FINANCING
10
MARCH 2012
www.ledsmagazine.com/news/9/2/26
AC LEDS
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____________________
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news+views
chip is part of Lynk Labs core patented
AC-LED technology integrated onto a single low-voltage chip through a joint development between Lynk Labs and Epistar
Corp, said Mike Miskin, Lynk Labs president & CEO.
Lynk also introduced warm-on-dim
technology, allowing the company to provide AC-LED light engines and COB (chipon-board) packages which, when dimmed
with standard dimmers, provide a similar
quality of light to incandescent lamps. Like
incandescents, the CCT decreases when the
light intensity is dimmed (www.ledsmaga__________
zine.com/news/9/2/34).
______________
OUTDOOR LIGHTING
Recreation Department. I think the consensus is that the new bulbs produce [less
glare], are easier on the eyes, and have a
very appropriate color temperature for our
needs. The project utilized lamps with a
CCT of 3000K.
The LEDtronics LED30HPS-600-SIW002-BU lamps are designed for use in posttop applications and are essentially retrofit
lamps that directly replace HPS bulbs with
an E26 base.
MORE: www.ledsmagazine.com/news/9/2/33
BUSINESS
_________
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__________
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news+views
(w w w.ledsmagazine.com/news/9/2/1).
The company stated that its LED-based
sales (including packaged LEDs, lamps
and luminaires) grew 37% compared to Q4
2010, reaching 373 million for Q4 2011.
Philips overall lighting sales for the quarter increased 7% year-on-year, driven by
double-digit sales growth in the lamps and
automotive groups, but this was partly offset by a sales decrease at Lumileds, the companys LED-manufacturing subsidiary. In
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news+views
omnidirectional with a 320 beam pattern.
But Philips readily admitted that the flux
distribution is not even and that the lamps
can perform better in applications with
some directional requirements.
MORE:
www.ledsmagazine.com/news/9/2/22
RETAIL LIGHTING
www.ledsmagazine.com/news/9/2/19
LEDsmagazine.com
________________
MARCH 2012
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Machining begins.
1-10 parts
Receive
FirstQuote
interactive
quote.
Part ready
for shipping.
Finalize
quote and
submit P.O.
Mold design
and milling.
Part ready
for shipping.
Receive order
conrmation with
gate and ejector
layout. Approve.
Part
production.
13 Days
How Many
Parts?
10-10,000+
parts
Receive a
ProtoQuote
interactive
quote.
115 Days
GET YOUR
PROTOGAMI!
ITAR Registered
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funding
programs
Global Lighting Association
aims to be more proactive
In mid March, the Global Lighting Forum
(GLF; www.globallightingforum.org) underwent a name change to become the Global
Lighting Association (GLA) and also adopted
a more proactive approach to promoting the
use of energy-efficient lighting, including but
not limited to LED-based lighting.
The GLF was established in 2007 as an
association of associations GLF members are national or regional lighting organizations, each made
up of multiple lighting
companies. Among the
GLFs members are the
European Lamp Companies Federation (ELC), the US-based
National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) and the Japan Electric Lamp
Manufacturers Association (JELMA). Associations from China, Taiwan, Brazil, India
and Australia are also represented.
Jan Denneman, GLF president, told LEDs
Magazine that the GLF was formed to share
knowledge of global trends and legislative
developments in lighting, and also to share
information about the activities of the individual associations. There were lots of bilateral discussions between associations, said
Denneman. So it was suggested to bring
them together at the same time to share
information and also save travel costs.
The initial focus of the group was energy
efficiency, but was soon extended to performance and quality, as well as areas such as
standardization and legislation. As well as
sharing knowledge, the GLF aims to initiate policies and actions on areas of common interest, and to seek opportunities for
LEDsmagazine.com
Life-cycle energy
consumption of LED
lamps compares well
The US Department of Energy (DOE)
has published a report that compared
the energy consumed over the entire
life-cycle for LED lamps, compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs), and incandescent lamps. The report states that the
average life-cycle energy consumption
of LED lamps and CFLs is similar and
is about one quarter of the fi gure for
incandescent lamps. However, if LED
lamps meet their performance targets
by 2015 their life-cycle energy use is
expected to decrease by approximately
one-half.
The report entitled Review of the
Life-Cycle Energy Consumption of
Incandescent, Compact Fluorescent
and LED Lamps is based on existing
literature that assesses the life-cycle of
lighting products.
The report is the fi rst installment of
a larger DOE project to assess the lifecycle and environmental costs of different lighting technologies. It looks at the
manufacturing, transportation, use,
and disposal of the products.
Also, the use stage of all three types
of lamps represents the most energyintensive life-cycle stage, accounting
for 90 percent of total life-cycle energy,
on average. This is followed by the
manufacturing and transport phases,
respectively. Transportation typically
represents less than one percent of lifecycle energy use for all lamp types.
Most of the uncertainty in life-cycle
energy consumption of an LED lamp
centers on the manufacturing of the
LED package, which is estimated at
anywhere from 0.1% to 27% of life-cycle
energy use, with an average of 7%.
In the larger DOE study, life-cycle
analysis of an LED lamp will consider the direct and indirect material
and process inputs to fabricate, ship,
operate, and dispose of the lamp.
MORE: www.ledsmagazine.com/news/9/2/30
MARCH 2011
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funding programs
EPA introduces TM-21 calculator
The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has made available the Energy Star TM-21 calculator, which is based on the IES
(Illuminating Engineering Society) Technical Memorandum,
TM-21. The calculator is available for download at www.energy________
star.gov/TM-21calculator.
________________
TM-21 is used to project lumen degradation of an LED package, array or module based on data collected according to LM-80.
For instance, if 6000 hours of testing of an LED package has been
performed according to LM-80 criteria, that data can be extrapolated to provide an estimate of lumen degradation at 36,000 hours.
TM-21 is referenced in the Energy Star Luminaires v1.1 specification and in draft 1 of the Energy Star Lamps v1.0 specification.
The calculator has been developed specifically to simplify
lumen-maintenance projection calculations for manufacturers
designing lighting products to Energy Star requirements, and to
ensure consistent results across all EPA-recognized Certification
Bodies and Laboratories. Calculated results have been validated
by the US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).
For any given product, the EPA encourages users to download a
new blank worksheet and to save individual product results on
a local drive.
MORE: www.ledsmagazine.com/news/9/2/8
www.ledsmagazine.com/news/9/2/23
__________
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KEY FEATURES
Small low prole package: 3.5 x 3.5 x 1.1 mm
Luminous efcacy > 100 lm/W
ANSI Bin Structure (orderable ANSI bins)
Distribution is today.
Tomorrow is EBV!
www.ebv.com
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Baikang - Professional
LED Lenses & Reflectors
Manufacturer
!
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$3456%7&&%8999996 $345&8%#9866$3456%8%##6#:69$3456%&77%68#655
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</.3
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__________
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Top performers
The top ten manufacturers accounted for
68% of all LED component sales in 2011 but
75% of total sales in 2010. In 2011, the top
three LED manufacturers each had revenues
exceeding $1 billion. The companies in the
top ten were the same in 2011 as 2010 but the
order was slightly different (Table 1).
Packaged LED makers in Japan accounted
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markets | LED S
AND LIGHTING
Total: US$12.5B
Others
14%
Auto
9%
Sign
11%
Li
Lighting
15%
Mobile
27%
Backlight
TV/monitor
24%
Source:
Strategies Unlimited
application in 2011.
Shum said that LED manufacturers are reacting to pric- Units (M)
ing pressures in various ways. 1200
Companies are differentiating 1000
their products based on the
800
quality of the light produced,
OLED smart phone
600
including higher CRIs. She
also mentioned the inclusion of
400
LED smart phone
embedded controls in packages
200
and testing of LED packages at
0
high temperatures. Luminaire
2013
2014
2015
2016
2010
2011
2012
manufacturers may be willing
Source: Strategies Unlimited
to pay a premium for this testing, she said.
FIG. 2. The LED-backlit mobile phone market is
Due to continued pricing expected to flatten while OLED displays take off.
pressure and intense competition, Shum said she expects consolidation sion on the uptake of SSL. Bhandarkar
and vertical integration to occur as a means made a forecast for the LED lighting market
and discussed the factors that could impact
to maintain profit margins.
Strategies Unlimiteds forecast for 2012 acceptance of the technology.
She began by stating that last years drasshows an LED market of $13.3 billion, up 6%
over the 2011 level of $12.5 billion (Fig. 3). tic decline in the price of LEDs should lead
to a faster uptake of SSL.
2011 Ranking
LED Maker
The LED lighting industry has already
1
Nichia
experienced tremendous growth. In just
2
Samsung LED
3 years the market has grown 3.5 times,
3
Osram Opto Semiconductors
said Bhandarkar. LED lighting revenue
climbed from $2.7 billion in 2008 to $9.4 bil4
LG Innotek
lion last year. Bhandarkar said that more
5
Seoul Semiconductor
LED lighting products are becoming main6=
Philips Lumileds
stream and that is in part the impetus for
6=
Cree
the growth rate.
22
MARCH 2012
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NEW T-CLAD PA
STICKS IT TO HEAT.
Peel and place thermal solution withstands the heat of solder reflow.
Easier assembly, cooler LEDs.
Bergquists T-Clad with pre-applied Bond-Ply 450 allows you to adhere your
mounted LEDs to a variety of heatsinks and surfaces while thermally optimizing
your application.This version of peel and place T-Clad can
withstand the high temperatures of solder reflow during
LED assembly and then be positioned in the lighting
Thermally conductive insulated metal substrate
boards specifically configured for LED applications.
FREE T-Clad PA
Sample Board
18930 West 78th Street Chanhassen, MN 55317 A ISO9001: 2000 registered facility
(800) 347-4572 Phone (952) 835-2322 Fax (952) 835-0430 www.bergquistcompany.com
Thermal Materials
Thermal Substrates
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markets | LED S
AND LIGHTING
Total: US$9.4B
Entertainment 3%
Emergency 4%
Off-grid 3%
Commercial/industrial
25%
Outdoor roadway/area
5%
Retail display
9%
Residential
9%
Architectural
17%
Consumer portable
13%
Source:
Strategies Unlimited
R=
CAG
19 %
Luminaires
CAGR = 23 %
Replacement lamp
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
24
MARCH 2012
LEDsmagazine.com
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markets | LED S
AND LIGHTING
www.osram-os.com/oslon-square
Maximum exibility.
Minimum size.
OSLON Square.
The perfect LED solution for indoor, outdoor and
compact designs
With a maximum driving current of 1.5 A, a broad range of
color temperatures and color rendering indexes, OSLON
Square opens up new opportunities in indoor lighting.
Thanks to its long lifetime, extremely robust design and an
impressive efcacy OSLON Square is also perfect for outdoor lighting even under the harshest conditions. With its
footprint of only 3 mm 3 mm it provides greater freedom
for creating compact and efcient designs.
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www.instrumentsystems.com/ssl
NEW: LGS 250
Goniophotometer
light measurement
Instrument Systems Germany Phone: +49 89 45 49 43 0 ssl@instrumentsystems.com www.instrumentsystems.com
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SE Asia
3%
Americas
6%
Korea
19%
China
21%
Taiwan
28%
Japan
22%
Source: SEMI
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TRACK
____________
________
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Optics
Assembly
0.8
Driver
0.
0.6
Tool productivity
Mechanical/Thermal
0.5
0.4
0.3
LED packages
0.2
0.1
0.0
Source: DOE
TRACK
2010
2012
Thomas Uhrmann of EV
Group cited lithographic
patterning as a key costreduction area for LED
manufacturers. Some
of the parameters that
2015
2020
affect patterning yield
include warpage and
poor visibility of alignment marks due to the
light-scattering properties of LED wafers.
In this area, 1 steppers compete with proximity aligners.
In LED fabs with different wafer sizes,
tools must be capable of handling different wafer sizes with minimal changeover
VISIT US AT WWW.PROLED.COM
_______________________________
VISIT US AT
g
light+bStuanild dE4in
8+49
Hall 4.1
MBN GmbH
Balthasar-Schaller-Str. 3
86316 Friedberg Germany
Tel.
+49/8 21/6 00 99-0
Fax
+49/8 21/6 00 99-99
E-Mail info@proled.com
www.proled.com
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TRACK
30
MARCH 2012
Packaging cost
LEDsmagazine.com
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Key Features
Grid-off system that can be easily installed anywhere
Solar and wind generated clean energy
Smart dimming function
Lights up to 3~5 days (10 hours/day) without primary energy source
Over discharge protection & On/Off time controller
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GaN-on-GaN LEDs
Soraa, a stealthy start-up, chose Strategies
in Light to make its fi rst public appearance. CEO Eric Kim revealed the companys fi rst products: a series of MR16 LED
lamps designed to replace 40W or 50W halogens (Fig. 1). However, the companys core
innovation is to develop GaN-on-GaN LEDs,
and Kim said that Soraas fab in Fremont,
California, is in full production mode.
Because the LED material has a 1000-fold
reduction in dislocation density, the GaNon-GaN LEDs can be driven much harder
(250 A/cm) than traditional LEDs, while
32
MARCH 2012
suffering much less relative droop (the dropoff in efficiency at higher current densities).
There are a whole range of ways in which the
GaN-on-GaN LEDs are different from more
conventional devices, not least the triangular chip-shape that Soraa is using. But a
number of observers were skeptical that the
MR16 lamps could be offered at a competitive price, due to the high cost of the GaN
starting material. For more on Soraa, see
www.ledsmagazine.com/news/9/2/18.
LEDs
LED
LEDsmagazine.com
smagazi
zine
ne.co
com
___________
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functionality. If light can give us happiness and pleasure, thats fantastic, he said.
Lee ended with a dig at some of Seoul Semioconductors more vertically-integrated
rivals. He said that customers should ask:
Who is your competitor now, and who will
be your competitor in the future?
Phosphors
Off-grid lighting
Globally, 1.6 billion people do not have access
to electricity, said Ned Tozun, president of
d.light Design, a company that is using LEDbased lighting to help such people who live at
the bottom of the pyramid. Tozun said that
solar and LED technologies can be used to
radically improve the lives of off-grid families. The goal is to replace technologies such
as lead-acid batteries, battery-powered LEDs
and in particular kerosene, which is very
expensive and creates huge health issues.
We can make kerosene lamps history, said
Tozun. However, there are challenges, which
include marketing and distribution in areas
with poorly-developed infrastructure, and the
ability to pay the upfront cost of the solar-LED
product or system (even though the ongoing
cost is then effectively zero). Also, some governments distort the market with significant
subsidies for kerosene.
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TRACK
phosphors in its LED lamps and also its Fortimo modules. Another advantage of the RP
approach is flexibility; for example, modules
can be built in which the RP component can
be exchanged but everything else is the same,
so that a range of color temperatures and/or
CRIs can be realized.
Automotive headlights
A small numbers of car and even motorbikes
now have full-LED headlamps (Fig. 3), but
Dirk Vanderhaeghen of Philips Lumileds
predicted that penetration will increase in
the next few years. He said that 2013 would
see the fi rst headlights requiring a single
LED module per headlight for a low-beam
solution. This will reduce both cost and system complexity, and will open the way for
penetration of LED headlights in mainstream, rather than just high-end, vehicles.
He predicted that the number of cars with
LED headlights would grow from 1.5 million
in 2013 to 5.0 million in 2015, and the value
of the LED components used in this application would grow from $130 million to $300
million. The market value will not continue
to grow as rapidly as the number of vehicles
adopting LED headlights, since the number
of LEDs per headlight unit will fall.
So why use LEDs in headlights? LEDs use
less fuel, said Vanderhaeghen, but can also
be used to express a strong brand identity.
There are design advantages of using LED
systems that typically have a depth of about
5 cm, compared with 10-15 cm for halogen
projectors. And then there is the smart functionality aspect of using an LED matrix to
implement intelligent lighting that can illuminate around corners, for example.
The target for LED lighting is to be able to
match the performance of xenon lamps and
provide about 1000 lm on the road, which for
LEDs translates to about 2000 hot source
lumens (i.e. an LED-module output of 2000 lm
with a case temperature of 85C). But there is
also the need to move towards cost-effective,
single-LED sources to enable mass adoption.
Most systems today use fans for cooling, said
Vanderhaeghen. But this is not sustainable
for OEMs to translate into mass-market vehicles. He pointed out that LEDs rated at a maximum case temperature of 130C, rather than
110C, would allow the use of much smaller
heatsinks for the same output.
34
MARCH 2012
during the 2012 Super Bowl, two days before SIL began (www.ledsmagazine.com/
news/9/2/4).
________ The vampires didnt enjoy the daylight created by the 5500K LEDs.
Backlighting
Paul Semenza of DisplaySearch, a marketresearch company, said that LCD-TV backlights will dominate LED demand through
2013, but lighting will take over in 2014.
While LED chip and package prices have
fallen dramatically, they still represent a
large proportion of the bill-of-materials cost
for displays. However, the cost structure for
displays is less dependent on the LED cost
than is the case for lighting. LEDs represent
about 25% of the cost of an LED-backlit unit
(BLU) obviously this varies by TV size and
the backlight design but less than 5% of the
whole TV cost. For LED lamps, the LED cost
can easily exceed 50% of the total.
DisplaySearch estimates that the total
global LED chip capacity, normalized for
500500-m devices, will reach almost 95
bn units in 2012, compared with around 82
bn in 2011. Taiwan is now slightly ahead of
Korea in terms of unit volume, with these
two countries accounting for 74% of the
total. The top three LED-chip suppliers by
volume Samsung LED, LG Innotek and
Epistar are all very close to LCD backlight makers, said Semenza, and obviously
the fi rst two are vertically integrated with
major TV makers.
The share of LEDs in backlights is above
50% for all large-area LCD applications
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modules: the 15W, 25W and 50W MegaZENI LEDs. These LED arrays
the intelligent alternative to individual LEDs but also first choice for
are compact, light and extremely bright with a shiningly high light
or downlights. These new arrays stand out from the crowd with a
Our Service Team will be glad to supply you with any enginee-
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TRACK
Number
of LEDs
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Addressing challenges
The LED industry faces a number of challenges, said Ulrich
Steegmueller, chief technology officer of Osram Opto
Semiconductors, among which are LED price erosion, and the
fact that economical limits for efficacy will be reached within this
decade. To address such challenges, Osram Opto is focusing on innovation, cost, quality and fit (i.e. using the characteristics of LEDs to
enable completely new applications). Steegmueller said that Osram
Optos leading market position is underpinned by deep customer
relationships and technical know-how.
As examples of new applications and approaches, Steegmueller
mentioned automotive headlights as well as biolight systems, i.e. the
use of LEDs in horticultural applications. Addressing cost, he discussed Osram Optos recent results for GaN-on-silicon LEDs (www.
___
ledsmagazine.com/news/9/1/19). On the subject of quality, he said it
___________________
is important to leverage lessons from demanding applications, such as
automotive; for example, it can be important to conduct accelerated
testing against humidity, temperature cycling and corrosive gases.
______________
36
MARCH 2012
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Products
Chasm
Demand
Create
Enable
Value
multi-small-die approach also provides better thermals due to distributed heat dissipation; the same droop as large single die; better
color consistency; and the flexibility to build high-voltage arrays.
Deliver
Scale
Acceptance
Performance
Optimized cost
TRACK
Ado
ptio
n
Time
2012
Jed Dorsheimer of Canaccord Genuity, an investment bank, discussed the economics of LED manufacturing. He said that the recent
second cycle of the LED market, driven by backlighting demand,
resulted in a 4 increase in global LED manufacturing capacity.
However, this massive capacity is being used inefficiently.
Although LED unit demand will continue to increase, as lighting becomes the dominant application, Dorsheimer does not expect
to see a similar third cycle of manufacturing where the focus
is on scale. Instead, he said that a change in the yield vs. scale
debate may be anticipated, as manufacturers devote more of their
capital expenditure into increasing the productivity and yield of
their existing manufacturing equipment, in order to increase their
return on investment.
In conclusion, Dorsheimer said that LED will be the hidden gem
of the cleantech/sustainability movement. Because upstream investments have already been made, this should allow for costs to come
down exponentially, he said. LEDs will begin as an energy-efficiency
story, but will become more about utility: users can do more.
_________________
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YOUR
SOURCE FOR
LED & LED
LIGHTING
COMPONENTS
A world of 10,000 LED lighting components and design solutions
LEDs, Power and Thermal management, Interconnect and Optic
products available
Global portfolio of industry leading manufacturers
farnell.com/lighting
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Residential obstacles
The point that Ferreira was making is that
buying an LED lamp remains an unlikely
choice for the typical consumer. He said that
MAURY WRIGHT is a Senior Technical Editor
with LEDs Magazine.
LEDsmagazine.com
FIG. 1. CD+M Lighting Design Group and Lighting Science Group used a range of LED
lighting to create the Garden Lights, Holiday Nights display at the Atlanta Botanical
Garden. RGB LEDs lit color-changing objects in the 16-acre display.
a high-quality 60W-equivalent CFL lamp
costs a little more than $5 today, while the
Philips EnduraLED 60W-equivalent lamp
costs around $32. Ferreira said that the
return on investment (ROI) of the two lamps
is similar but the ROI calculation for LEDs is
based on their much longer life. Most people dont make a [buying] decision based on
a 15-year lifespan with the possible exception of their home, he said
An energy-efficiency theme pervaded Ferreiras talk, but he clearly believes that the
LED lighting industry must do more than
cut energy use to fully succeed. He discussed
what he called the five simple steps that
can accelerate the adoption of SSL in both
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TRACK
FIG. 2. An LED lighting retrofit of a Times Square Starbucks store by Focus Lighting and LED
Retail theater
Ferreira used new LED lighting in a
Starbucks store in New York Citys Times
Square as an example of creating an audience. LED Source supplied the LED lighting
products and Focus Lighting handled the
lighting design and used the surrounding
theater district as a theme (Fig. 2). Ferreira
said, Its almost like Broadway. Its retail
theater. It can be a poster child for LED success. Such retrofits are part of Starbucks
goal to reduce energy use by 25% by 2015
across 17,000 stores. But Ferreiras point is
that such projects will win the hearts of the
public in terms of recognizing the potential
of SSL and driving adoption.
Rules are needed to ensure SSL success
according to Ferreira. He didnt mention the
new US Department of Energy (DOE) lampefficiency guidelines (www.ledsmagazine.
com/news/8/7/12), but suggested that the
government should provide incentives such
as tax breaks for the SSL industry. He said
rules are key to ensuring that the lighting
industry doesnt go backwards.
Finally Ferreira suggested that we should
start early in educating our children about
good energy habits. He said children are
open to technology and innovation and arent
intimidated by technology such as lighting
40
MARCH 2012
Chromaticity variances
The bulk of Freyssinier's presentation, however, was focused on CCT and perhaps a misguided perception of the accepted definition
of a white light source. Freyssinier said, By
definition CCT is a line in the color space,
not a single point. Two light sources can
have the same CCT and still be quite different in terms of chromaticity in the CIE 1931
color space.
The industry widely accepts that the
black-body locus thats plotted in the color
LEDsmagazine.com
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vconverter
For indoor and outdoor
vengine
STARK DLE TWIST
For luminaire installation
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TRACK
42
MARCH 2012
LEDsmagazine.com
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______________
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TRACK
FIG. 5. Type A Productions installed more than 5000 LED downlights in the Indianapolis
44
MARCH 2012
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RELY ON UL
VISIT WWW.UL.COM/BRIGHT
___________________
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TRACK
Modular products
Getting back to the subject of innovation,
a number of SIL speakers lauded the fact
that LEDs will free product designers from
accepted lighting form factors including
linear troffers, downlights, and even bulbs.
Still, we havent yet witnessed a lot of innovation in form factor. Ironically a company
called Nualight, which is focused on retail
lighting for food displays, was the lone company that addressed the need for customizable form in the LEDs in Lighting track.
Vincent Guenebaut, head of product
innovation at Nualight, said We are not
limited anymore by the size and shape of
fluorescent tubes. Instead Nualight is taking a modular approach by offering configurable SSL systems that can fit in refrigerated display cases and above display
counters that hold items such as produce.
Guenebaut said, The luminaire becomes
the main attribute of a case.
While Nualight does offer modular
products, Guenebaut said the companys
approach to product design is to define
interfaces rather than modules. The description sounds much like the approach of the
Success stories
There were other SSL success stories were
also discussed in the lighting track. Michael
Royer, lighting engineer at the DOEs Pacific
Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), presented results from the labs latest round of
tests of LED-based retrofit lamps (www.leds_______
magazine.com/news/9/2/16). The results
__________________
were much improved over the prior round
especially in the case of A-lamps with most
delivering efficacy in the 60 lm/W range and
CRI around 80.
Sarena McComas and Jennifer Rueth,
partners at lighting design firm Type A Pro-
Museum lighting
Naomi Miller, senior lighting engineer with
PNNL, presented a number of examples of
LED lighting in museums. One reason that
LED lighting is attractive to museums is
that SSL does not emit energy in the IR or
___________________________________
46
MARCH 2012
LEDsmagazine.com
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www.exleds.com
____________
XLEDs-NEW PRODUCTS
MR-16
MX60L
5.7W
480 lm / 770 lx
40 / 60
MR-16
GA1608S
SL-H3
8W
540lm / 980lx
40 / 60
90/120/135/150W
PAR-30
PX-310S
11W
860lm / 1800lx
40 / 55
PAR-38
PX-38
Q-400
16W
980lm / 1850lx
40 / 60
10W
Light+Building 2012
Date: 15th - 20th, April
Booth No.: 4.2 J10
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TRACK
UV bands and both are known as harmful. But Miller said that is a misconception
that only UV and IR damage art. She said
that paintings can fade due to exposure to
visible light as well, and that some energy
bands are especially damaging. There is the
potential with LEDs to precisely control the
spectral power distribution.
Miller cited one example of successful SSL
deployment in the Brooker Gallery at The
Field Museum in Chicago, Illinois. She said
the LED lighting cut energy use by 63% due
both to more-efficient lighting and a reduction in HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air
conditioning) energy use. Miller said that
relative to halogen lights, the payback for
LED lighting is 2.4 years when the HVAC
expense is included in the analysis.
Several speakers in the track discussed
controls including Redwood Systems a
company that specializes in networked
lighting for office spaces (www.ledsmaga__________
zine.com/news/7/3/7).
Redwood
chief mar_____________
terms of efficacy gains, but that the thirdgeneration designs will get the industry to
200 lm/W. He expects Cree and other makers of lighting-class LEDs such as Nichia,
Philips Lumileds, and Osram Opto Semiconductors to all deliver third-generation
families soon and said Cree was already in
high volume already with its newest LEDs.
McClear clearly sees LEDs as the primary
source for general lighting going forward. He
addressed OLED lighting and the fact that
some projections have OLEDs achieving
fluorescent-T8 efficacy and brightness levels by 2017. But he said that in 2017, OLED
will be competing with LEDs as the incumbent technology rather than with T8s. He
said, Can OLED enter that market and compete? I think no.
LED droop the unexplained drop in efficacy at higher drive currents was also a
target in McClears presentation, and has
been considered an obstacle to broader
SSL deployment. While droop hasnt been
solved, McClear believes efficacy gains in
general have eliminated droop as a concern. He said that at 50 lm/W droop was a
big concern, but with LED component efficacy over 100 lm/W droop is a hurdle that
has been cleared.
MORE: For detailed information on the DOE's
48
MARCH 2012
LEDsmagazine.com
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_________________________________
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________________
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LEDsmagazine.com
FIG. 1. Duracell LED A-lamps light Hodads signature burger and sides.
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indoor lighting
| RESTAURANTS
tures/7/6/6),
________the Duracell lamps work with
any rapid-start ballast, according to DeJean.
Moreover, he added that the Duracell T8s are
on the order of 5% more efficient when used
with a ballast as opposed to being connected
directly to line power.
Fig. 2 shows a troffer fixture in the
kitchen with owner Hardin at the work
surface. The only lights in the restaurant
that arent LED based are the CFL lights
that are visible on the upper left side of the
photo over the cooking surfaces. The project
team felt that LED-based lights would not
be a good match for the heat rising from the
cooking equipment, given the need for heat
dissipation in LED lighting.
The troffers that were installed were not of
the so-called Super T8 variety that use both
more-efficient lamps and ballasts to reduce
energy. The fluorescent lamps would have
dissipated 32W, but were replaced with 22W
Duracell tubes.
Payback analysis
FIG. 2 LED-based T8 tubes light work surfaces in the kitchen, although CFLs (at upper
left) are used over hot cooking surfaces.
case of the LED T8s used in the kitchen. Generally, the lighting industry has not judged
LED-based T8s as suitable replacements
for fluorescent tubes. For example, the US
Department of Energy (DOE) has documented LED T8 performance in a number
of evaluations (www.ledsmagazine.com/
news/8/5/22).
________ And while the LED tubes use
less energy than fluorescent lamps, they also
produce less light and arent a good match
for troffer fi xtures designed to reflect the
omnidirectional output of fluorescent tubes.
In the case of Hodads, however, the directional nature of the LEDs was a good match
Lamp
Cost/lamp
($)
Number of
lamps
Incandescent *
42
84
LED direct
replacement
25
42
CFL *
to the application.
Indeed, after the LED lighting had been
installed for several weeks, Hodads workers
reported that the lights in the kitchen were
essentially too bright. SDG&E and DeJean
experimented and ultimately removed two
of the LED T8s from each troffer.
According to DeJean, the fi xtures with
four fluorescent tubes installed generated
40-50 fc at the task plane. With four LED
tubes installed, the fi xtures delivered 60
fc. With two LED tubes in each fi xture the
lighting at task level is in the 25-30-fc range
and thats appropriate for the application,
Energy cost/
kWh ($)
Annual
energy cost
($)
Annual
energy cost
savings ($)
Simple Payback
(years)
23,110
0.20
4,622
1,050
2,189
0.20
438
4,184
0.23
13
91
1,732
0.20
346
50
13
650
828
0.20
166
180
3.11
Fluorescent *
52
364
9,638
0.20
1,928
Linear LED
60
52
3,120
6,626
0.20
1,325
603
4.57
TABLE 1. Based on a retrofit scenario, with 5792 hours of annual usage, the different types of LED lighting have paybacks ranging
from about 12 weeks to 4.57 years. (*Base case for each fi xture type)
52
MARCH 2012
LEDsmagazine.com
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OV
ER
_________________
SP
AC BO
EA E O OK
R R
3,
00 LY RE EXH
B G I
0
AT IRD IST BIT
E
TE
ND RAT R FO
EE ES R
SI
N
20
11
_______________
Director of Content
The LED Show
James Highgate
T: +1 702 475 5337
E: Jamesh@pennwell.com
To book your exhibition space or for more information on sponsorship opportunities please
contact your local sales representative:
US - West Coast
Tim Carli
+1 650 946 3163
tcarli@pennwell.com
US - East Coast
Mary Donnelly
+1 603 891 9398
maryd@pennwell.com
Premium Exhibitors 2012: Chroma Systems Solutions, Inc., Emerge Lighting, Lumenor Energy Services LLC, LUMIMAX OPTOELECTRONIC
TECHNOLOGY, Philips Emergency Lighting, Sansitech USA, SinkPAD Corporation, TOROSYSTEM, Virginia Optoelectronics Inc. (As of Dec.11)
Presented by:
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Events:
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indoor lighting
| RESTAURANTS
the DOEs testing is without question accurate, its also clear that
LED T8s are improving. For example, we also recently reported on a
successful LED T8 case study in an Air New Zealand facility (www.
___
ledsmagazine.com/news/9/1/2).
___________________
In the case of Hodads, the use of only two lamps has changed the
payback analysis originally created by SDG&E. Compared to a
4-lamp fluorescent case, the LED tubes would achieve payback in a
single year in the retrofit case and a bit sooner in new construction.
SDG&E is clearly an advocate of LED lighting. With LED technology rapidly advancing, the operating costs of current LEDs are 20
to 50 percent lower than legacy lighting systems, said Ted Reguly,
director of customer programs and assistance. Although the initial purchase cost may be significantly higher, the expected longevity and drastic energy savings associated with contemporary LEDs
are very intriguing and have merit in many applications, especially
those with long operating hours.
The project was a big win for Hodads. SDG&Es Emerging Technologies Program covered the portion of the cost of the LED lighting
that exceeded the cost of legacy lighting that met California Title 24
energy-efficiency standards. And Hodads owner Hardin said, The
new LED lighting makes my food look so good!
____________
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_____________
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REGISTE
R TODAY
Early Bird
Rates Exp
ire
March 30,
2012
Register today to benefit from early bird savings! Visit www.sil-ledchina.com for more information
on the program and to register online.
='%Q
\
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>
Q
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K'?= '*'%Q
Strategies Unlimited
MARKET INTELLIGENCE
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enable the luminaires to be turned off automatically when work areas are empty. The
luminaires could be adjusted vertically or
rotated to provide personalized, task-level
lighting and prevent area over-lighting.
With this kind of an approach, we could
see energy savings of around 40%, said
Brodrick. The rechargeable batteries could
also eliminate the wiring along tracks and
in the ceiling as well as typical power distribution issues. Brodrick concluded by asking
attendees Can it be done? challenging
the lighting industry to think beyond the
bulb in developing tomorrows LED lighting solutions.
Fritz Morgan, chief product officer of Digital Lumens, also explored lighting control
methods but in a more static environment
the factory floor. He stated that factories
are already taking advantage of facility-wide
MARCH 2012
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conferences | SSL
ECOSYSTEMS
Occupancy
Energy
RFID
Temperature
Daylight
Security
added that people may prefer to make lighting adjustments via gesture or voice rather
than using a mobile device.
Russ MacAdam, director of commercial
engineering development at Lutron Electronics, reviewed the challenges of dimming LED lamps and fi xtures. He stated
several of the benefits of dimming LEDs,
including energy savings, improved ambiance and safety. In addition, LED compo-
_____
58
MARCH 2012
LEDsmagazine.com
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New Market
Reviews and Forecasts
Available Now!
NEW!
Order today
Strategies Unlimited has been researching the LED
market since 1994. Find out more about our complete
market reports on the overall LED market, LEDs for
lighting, and LED lighting fixtures and more!
Market analysis and forecast reports include:
High-Brightness LEDs
LED Outdoor Area and Street Lighting
LED Driver ICs
LED Luminaires
LED Replacement Lamps
China Upstream LED Market
...and more!
Strategies Unlimited
MARKET INTELLIGENCE
Strategies Unlimited
MARKET INTELLIGENCE
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conferences | SSL
ECOSYSTEMS
a)
Current
Voltage
25A
2.25A
Turn on
FIG. 3. Dimmers must handle (a) inrush current of the LED lamps or incandescent
bulb as well as (b) repetitive peak current.
Reflector materials
PCB
1-800-888-0698
www.ellsworth.com
Contact us directly to request a
free catalog.
Adhesives for
environmental seals
Internal driver
Adhesives for
environmental seals
60
MARCH 2012
LED current
(150 Watts)
Incandescent current
(150 Watts)
Silicone Encapsulants
Thermally Conductive
Pads & Encapsulants
Adhesives & Sealants
Coatings
Dispensing Systems
b)
DC microgrids
The rise of SSL, along with other DC-based
systems including solar energy panels and
wind energy, has encouraged many parties to pursue a DC-based power grid, that
eliminates inefficient DC/AC and AC/DC
power conversions that waste energy. Brian
Patterson, chairman of the EMerge Alliance,
a member-funded association that promotes
adoption of DC power distribution standards
for commercial buildings, provided an update
of the associations activities at the conference. With the new installations of solar and
wind power and ramp-up of electrical vehicles on the market, an AC/DC hybrid coupled
power network can consume up to 30% less
energy, require 15% less capital and be 200%
more reliable than existing systems, he said.
Patterson talked about the Zero-Energy
Commercial Building Consortium, which
is looking into DC microgrids; these would
eliminate AC/DC conversions at the equipment level, simplify equipment designs and
layouts, provide improved interfaces with
renewable energy sources and save energy.
Our vision is to foster more sustainable
buildings by bringing hybrid AC-DC power
architectures and DC microgrids to occupied spaces, data centers, building services,
and outdoor applications, he said.
Patterson explained that in current solarpowered facilities, the DC power generated
by the photovoltaic cells is converted to AC
at the appropriate level for use. If excess
power needs to be fed back to the grid, it
is reconverted from AC to DC. The Emerge
Alliance proposes direct integration of DC
energy sources, more efficient use of DCbased loads, and plug-and-play reconfigurability of electronics.
The benefits from the lighting perspecLEDsmagazine.com
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SO XHI
20 L BIT
10 D-O FL
& UT OO
20 IN R
1
Presented By:
2011 Highlights:
54% increase in registered attendees
Sold out exhibition floor
950+ attendees from 52 countries
300+ Keynote attendees
74% exhibition space rebooked at the event
Contact a member of our sales team today to book your exhibit space:
Worldwide Sales:
Virginia Willis
T: +44 (0) 1992 656 663
E: virginiaw@pennwell.com
Germany/Switzerland/Austria:
Holger Gerisch
T: +49 (0) 8801 302430
E: holgerg@pennwell.com
www.sileurope.com
Owned and Produced by:
Supported by:
Events:
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FIG. 4. This office environment uses solar power, DC electricity and LED lighting fi xtures.
50,000 h (L90/B10),
due to ceramic PCB
Highly efcient: 106 lm/W
at tc = 65 C
Narrow colour tolerance
Visit us:
pril 2012,
15. 20. A
tand B50
Hall 4.0, S
www.vossloh-schwabe.com
Outdoor lighting
Carmanahs Ruscheinski focused his talk
on the adoption of solar-powered outdoor
62
MARCH 2012
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THE
Second international
event involving
both Chinese & foreign
companies at all levels
of supply chain.
LED
SHOW
Record-breaking
attendance with more
than 5,000 attendees
3-years running.
Pacifico Yokohama
Yokohama, Japan
www.sil-ledjapan.com
Meet face-to-face with thousands of the worlds most influential and motivated manufacturers,
equipment suppliers, and end-users who come to evaluate products and services and get the
information they need to conduct business within the global LED and lighting industry.
Whether you are a supplier, an LED manufacturer trying to reach new customers,
a designer looking for new product information, or a buyer exploring the latest
technologies, our events can help achieve your objectives.
For more information on exhibiting or sponsoring at ANY of our events, please contact:
United States (West Coast)
Tim Carli, Sales
+1 650 946 3163
tcarli@strategies-u.com
Europe
Virginia Willis, Sales
+44 0 1992 656 663
virginiaw@pennwell.com
Japan
Maiko Kobayashi, Sales
+81 3 3219 3642
led@ics-inc.co.jp
Mainland China
Michael Tsui, Sales
+86 755 259 88571 x1009
michaelT@actintl.com.hk
Austria/Germany/Switzerland
Holger Gerisch, Sales
+49 0 8856 802 0228
holgerg@pennwell.com
Hong Kong/Asia
Mark Mak, Sales
+852 2838 6298
markm@actintl.com.hk
Singapore/Taiwan
Michael Yee, Sales
+65 9616 8080
yfyee@singnet.com.sg
Presented by:
Supported by:
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last word
64
MARCH 2012
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lated
Regu rrent
u
LED C lly 5%)
VIN
DCM
VIN_SENSE
FB
VREF
ca
(Typi
CTRL3
LT3799
20W
LED
Power
GATE
CTRL2
SENSE
CTRL1
VINTVCC
GND
Fault
FAULT
CT COMP + COMP
Complete TRIAC Dimmable Schematic
Our LT 3799 isolated LED controller with active power factor correction (PFC) is specifically designed for driving LEDs
over a wide input range of 24V to 480V+. It is ideal for LED applications requiring 4W to over 100W of LED power and
is compatible with standard TRIAC in-wall dimmers. The LT3799s unique current sensing scheme delivers a well regulated
current to the secondary side with no opto-coupler, enabling it to provide 5% LED current accuracy. It also offers low
harmonic distortion while delivering efficiencies as high as 90%. Open and short LED protection ensures long term
reliability and a simple, compact solution footprint addresses a wide range of applications.
1.2
www.linear.com/product/LT3799
1.0
1-800-4-LINEAR
0.8
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220V app
0.2
______________
0
0
30
60
90
120
150
180
, LT, LTC, LTM, Linear Technology and the Linear logo are
registered trademarks of Linear Technology Corporation. All other
trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
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XLAMP MT-G
EASYWHITE LEDs
OPTIMIZED FOR HIGH-OUTPUT, SMALLFORM-FACTOR, DIRECTIONAL-LIGHTING
APPLICATIONS
Now available in brighter bins, expanded CRI
and color options in both 6V and 36V options
High lumen outputup to 1670 lumens at
25W, 3000K, 85C
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