MODULE D

RISK ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT

ANALYZING LANDSLIDE RISK IMPACT TO ROAD NETWORK
(Case Study on Samigaluh District, Kulon Progo Regency, Yogyakarta Province)

GROUP ASSIGNMENT

Lecturer:
Prof. Dr. Sutikno

By:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Afza Afgani Setiawan

Ari fana Eka Hastuti
Boby Setyawan
Heni Masruroh

(14/370482/PMU/8131)
(14/373988/PMU/8436)
(14/370650/PMU/8192)
(14/370614/PMU/8181)

GEO-INFORMATION FOR SPATIAL PLANNING AND RISK MANAGEMENT

GRADUATE SCHOOL GADJAH MADA UNIVERSITY
YOGYAKARTA
2014

ANALYZING LANDSLIDE RISK IMPACT TO ROAD NETWORK

(Case Study on Samigaluh District, Kulon Progo Regency, Yogyakarta Province)
Afza Afgani Setiawan*, Heni Masruroh*, Boby Setyawan*, Arifana Eka
Hastuti*, Prof. Dr. Sutikno**

Abstract:
Samigaluh is one of district which have potential landslide in Yogyakarta. The
element risk in this problem is road. The object of this research are calculate
the vulnerability value, hazard area and risk value. To calculate vulnerability
value, we use probability landslide area method and type road analysis. Based
on from analysis the vulnerability, we obtain the score of road vulnerability.
The score 0.9 is high (for collector road which located in high probability
landslide area), 0.7 is intermediate (for local road which located on
intermediate probability area), and 0.5 is low (for other road which located in
low probability area). To determine the risk value, we use three classifications.
These classifications are 1.02 for risk area I, 0.6 for risk area II, and 0.285 for
risk area III.
Keywords: Hazard, Vulnerability, Landslide, Risk, Road

A. INTRODUCTION
Indonesia is a tropical country that

Samigaluh District is located on the

has high intensity and frequency of

Menoreh Limestone Mountain, which is

rainfall. This condition make Indonesia as

susceptible to landslide. It causes a large

the prone area for landslide. Landslide is

amount of damage and even loss of life.

one disaster that often occur in Indonesia.

The damage of loss include farmland,

It can cause claim many lives, destroy

houses, main economic activity, and public

infrastructures, buildings, and caused

facilities.

economic and environmental loss. Kulon

Road network is the one of public

Progo regency is one of regency in

facilities that get impact of landslide in

Indonesia that has high vulnerability of

Kulon Progo especially in Samigaluh

landslide, especially Samigaluh District.

District. Road network is as a vital

infrastructure to support the public activity

Postgraduate Student of Geo-Information for

Spatial Planning and Disaster Risk
Management - UGM
** Professor of Geo-Information for
Spatial Planning and Disaster Risk
Management - UGM

in this area. Road will support the

transportation, it can affect the economic
activity. The ability of road network has
influence to growth and income the local
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government. It really needs the road

period

availability

regional

probability within certain areas (spatial

development and open access to the

probability), and intensity (magnitude).

surrounding area.

According to (Varnes, 1984) landslide

to

support

(temporal

probability),

Many road networks were built by

hazard consist of two major element,

cutting slope that can cause unstability of

namely landslide spatial probability and

it. In the other hand, many landslide

landslide temporal probability which is

occurrences were caused by cutting slope

related to the magnitude, return period

for

of the triggering

roads,

railways

and

housing

(Hardiyatmo.2006). Based on those facts

above, this research was focused on

event

and the

occurrence of landslide.
2. Vulnerability

landslide risk impact to road in Samigaluh

Vulnerability is the degree of

District, Kulon Progo Regency, and

loss of certain elements at risk which is

Yogyakarta Province.

caused by the natural phenomena of

given certain size and shown in scale
from 0-1. Landslide vulnerability is

B. LITERATURE REVIEW

concept mainly depends on run out

1. Hazard
Hazard is a potentially physical

distances, volume of landslide, sliding

damage, human activity which can

velocity, the element at risk, the nature

cause death or injury and damage of

of the element at risk type and

property,

proximity to a slide.

social,

economic,

and

environmental. This event has an

Based on (Berdica on Eka,

occurrence probability in a specific

2012) the vulnerability of the road

period and in certain areas, and intensity

transport system relates to the incident,

(Van Western et al, 2009).

which may reduce the functionality of

These definitions stated that hazard is a

the road network. There are several

threat to people and the things value

method to determine the vulnerability

(property,

of road. To determine the road

Roads

infrastructure,
were

facilities).

categorized

as

vulnerability we use value from 0-1

infrastructure and the landslide hazard

which were assigned to each road type.

threaten the existence of road.

High vulnerability (score 1) if road lies

Hazard have three components

which are probability within specified

on slope >250 and low vulnerability

(score 0.3) if road lies on slope <250
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judgment. Risk classes high, moderate,

3. Landslide
Landslide are recognized as the
third type of natural disaster in terms of
worldwide importance. Due to natural

and low, semi-quantitative based on

ranking weighted by given criteria.
5. Types of Landslide

conditions

or

man-made

actions,

Landslide can be classified in

landslide

have

produced

multiple

many ways, there are many attributes

human

and

economic

losses.

In

used as criteria for identification and

literature a wide variety of names have

classification including:

been used for the denudation process

a. Rate of movement

whereby soil or rock is displaced along

This ranges from very slow creep

the slope by mainly gravitational forces.

(millimeters/year)

The most frequently used are: Slope

rapid (meters/second).

movements; Mass movement; Mass

to

extremely

b. Type of material

wasting; Landslide. In the last decade

Landslide are composed of bedrock,

Landslide is the term most used.

unconsolidated sediment, and/or

Landslide is the movement of a mass of

organic debris.

rock, debris or earth, down a slope,

when

shear

stress

exceeds

shear

strength of the material.

c. Nature of movement
This moving debris can slide, slump,
flow, or fall.

4. Risk

6. Roads Networks
Risk consists of three elements,

namely

vulnerability,

and

interconnecting lines and points that

exposure are the possibility of damage

represent a system of roads. Roads are

or loss. Element of risk associated with

the link between the locations of the

each others when one of the elements

other locations. The pattern of the road

increase. There are several methods

network is one of the most important

purpose to determine landslide risk.

elements of the morphology of the city.

Distinguished risk based on the level of

Several patterns of the road network

quantification, there are the landslide

according to Johannes (in Yunus, 2004)

risk assessment methods in qualitative,

are as follows.

semi

quantitative.

a. System irregular street pattern. In

Qualitative method based on risk

this system seen any irregularity road

classes which are categorized by expert

system in terms of width and

qualitative

and

hazard

A road networks are system of

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direction

of

the

road.

These

limited number of entrance in the

irregularities seen in the pattern of

swirling, its width varies with many

most efficient.
b.

branches.

Collector road is public roads

which has function to serve freight

b. System of concentric radial street

collector

or

deal

with

the

pattern. In this system there are some

characteristics of medium range

special

travel, medium average speed, and

properties

that

have

concentric and radial street pattern,

its center is the main activity area at

the limited number of driveway.

c.

Local road is public roads having

the same place last defense of a rule,

function

have a geometric regularity, as well

transportation

as major roads branching from a

characteristics of travel a short

central point and form the "asterisk-

distance, low average speed, and

shaped pattern"

the number of entry is not

c. System angled elbow street pattern

or grid. In cities with a system of

to

serve

local

with

the

restricted.
d.

Environment road is public roads

street patterns angled elbow or grid

having function to serve transport

(rectangular or grid system), parts of

environment with close distance

the city is divided in such a way into

travel characteristics, and low

blocks rectangles with streets that

average speed.

parallel longitudinal and transverse

8. Road Network Analysis

forming a right angle.

This function refers to the spatial

data points or lines as an integral

7. Road classifications
Based

Indonesian

Republic

network. This function is often used in

Laws of the Road No.38 2004 on Eka,

the fields of transportation and utilities

2010, classification of road according to

(e.g. cable network applications, water

their functions are:

pipes, gas, and disposal). For example,

a.

Arterial road is public roads with

to calculate the shortest distance

the main function to serve the

between two points using ways that are

major transportation which has

within the scope of the network. That is,

characteristics

travel

find the whole combination road linking

distance, high average speed and

the starting point and end point. At any

such

as;

combination calculate the distance from

GROUP ASSIGNMENT

the starting point to the end point with

impacts related with the cost of each

the accumulated distance segment

element at risk.

(road) that shape it. Choose the

combination that has the smallest
accumulated.

C. METHOD
1. Study Area
Samigaluh District located on 110 7

9. Rainfall
Rain is a precipitation (the fall of the

00E - 110 13 00E and 7 38 40S -

liquid from the atmosphere in the form

7 43 15S, is one of the most northern

of liquid or frozen to the earth surface)

districts

tangible fluid. Rainfall is the climatic

Yogyakarta. Samigaluh District has a

variables which affect the level of

total area of 6.736,78 Ha which consist of

landslide susceptibility areas.

seven villages (e.g. Pagerharjo 1.055,98

in

Kulon

Progo

regency,

Ha, Ngargosari 715,48 Ha, Gerbosari

10. Slope
Slope is a surface that lies at an angle to

1.093,65 Ha, Banjarsari 1.043, 04 Ha,

the horizontal so that some points on it

Sidoharjo 1.115, 84 Ha, Purwoharjo

are

Slope

1.003, 61 Ha and Kebonharjo 709, 18

classifications based on score which

Ha). (Source: Data analysis). Samigaluh

shows the influence level on the

is very strategic location, because it is

landslide hazard. The higher score the

located at the cross roads of trade traffic

higher level of influence on the

between

landslide hazard (Hadmoko et al, 2010).

Central Java Province.

higher

than

others.

11. Landslide Risk to Road

Yogyakarta

Province

and

2. Determine Probability Landslide

Landslide risk to road can be divided

To determine probability landslide, we

into direct and indirect impact. (Smith,

use landslide inventory and landslide

1992) state that direct loss is the first

density. The data which use in this

order consequence which occurs after

research are rainfall data, soil data, and

an event, such as death, injuries, cost of

slope. All of data obtained by the

repair

cost.

recorded data. Landslide can damage

Meanwhile indirect loss is consequence

house of property and cause death. To

occurring a latter to the event such as:

analysis each data we use scoring

loss of income, reductions in business,

analysis:

mental illness, bereavement. These

a) Scoring for rainfall intensity

building,

cleanup

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Source: Taufik, et al (2008)

b) Scoring for slope area.
No
Slope
Score
1
0-8%
1
2
8-15%
2
3
15-25%
3
4
25-45%
4
5
>45%
5
Source: Taufik, et al (2008)
c) Scoring soil types
According Rahim (1995) on Bagus

Rainfall
Score
(mm/year
1
< 100
1
2
1000-1500
2
3
1500-2000
3
4
2000-2500
4
5
>2500
5
To determine road vulnerability consider

Sulistiarto classify types of soil based

there are two type of road that are

on sensitiveness soil towards erosion.

collector

No

considered

type

of

the

road

and

probability landslide area. In this case

road,

local

road

and

environmental road. We assume that

Class
I

II
III
IV

Soil Types

Score

collector road which located on high

Aluvial,
Gleysol,Lanosol,
(No sensitive)
Latosol (rather
sensitive)
Mediteranian

probability landslide area have higher

Andosol,
Grumosol, Laterik,
Podsol (Sensitive)
Regosol Lhitosol
(Very sensitive)

vulnerability than local road which

2
3

located

in

intermediate

probability

landslide area.
5. Determine the Hazard Area
To determine interval of classes the

hazard area, we use this formula:

I=

3. Analysis Probability Landslide and

Mapping Unit
To analyze probability landslide, we use
ArcGIS application and scoring for each
data. From the data availability (rainfall

I=

use these data because it have influence

3
126
3

This classification based on the sum of

three classes (Slope, Soil types and Rain
Fall) Hazard class:
No

data, slope data and soil types), we

calculate score each data categories. We

1
2
3

Class of
Hazard
11-13
8-10
5-7

Interval

Value

2
2
2

0,8
0,6
0,4

for probability landslide in this area. To

determine the final probability landslide
we use intersect all of the data which
given scored in each category.
4. Vulnerability analysis of element risk
GROUP ASSIGNMENT

Coping capacity is the ability of

6. Framework

people, organizations and systems,

using available skills and resources, to
face and manage adverse conditions,
emergencies or disasters. Coping
capacity is the ability of a system
(natural or human) to respond to and
recover from the effects of stress or
perturbations that have the potential to
alter the structure or function of the
system.
The magnitude of the risk can
D. RESULT

be reduced by capacity. It show that the

This paper purpose to determine value

of risk assessment and hazard map. To
know the value of risk assessment we have
to know:
1. Vulnerability
Vulnerability can be seen from
location of road. If the road located on
high hazard area, this road include in
high vulnerability. If the road located on
low hazard area, this road include in low
vulnerability.

The

next

step

we

calculate the value of vulnerability from

conditions of community which have

the power and ability to review and
assess

the

threatness

community

can

environment

and

Community

based

and

how

manage

the

their

resources.

on

disaster

management is main factor to reduce

the risk of disaster. Based on the
historical and areal conditions of
Samigaluh district, the score of coping
capacity is 0.7.
The formula of risk:

the proportion where the road located

on the high hazard or low hazard.
No Class
vulnerability
1
High
2
3

Intermediate
low

Type
of
Road
Collector
road
Local road
Other road

R=HXV/C

Value
0,9
0,7
0,5

R
H
V
C

: Risk
: Hazard
: Vulnerability
: Capacity

2. Coping capacity
R I = 0,8 X 0,9 / 0,7 = 1,028
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R II = 0,6 X 0,7 / 0,7 = 0,6

is directly proportional to the value of

R III = 0,4X0,5 / 0,7 = 0,285

risk. The value of risk assessment are

Generally, disaster causes a risk.

High or low risk of disaster depends on
the threats, vulnerability and the ability
of communities to cope with disasters
mentioned. The higher the value of
capacity, the lower the value of risk, but
for the value of hazard and vulnerability

extent of damage and loss. The higher

value of risk the higher damage and
loss. Then this value is very useful as
disaster mitigation. So in this research,
we can determine that area R I have
more damage and loss than other area.
Road of the R I also have damage and
loss than road in other area.

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Referencess

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Botu.
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(http://repository.ung.ac.id/hasilris
et/show/1/364/studi-identifikasipenyebab-longsor-di-botu.html)
diakses 16 Noveber 2014
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Hazard And Vulnerability. Thesis
is not published. Netherland.
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Santha,Damodaran.
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Vulnerability and Disaster Risk
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