Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
: ENGINEERING
Level of Study
: UG3
Time
Duration
Date
: 05/06/2013
Sections
: 1 and 2
This Question Paper Consists of fourteen (14) Printed Pages (including Cover Page) with
five (5) Questions in Part A and four (4) Questions in Part B
INSTRUCTION(S) TO CANDIDATES
DO NOT OPEN UNTIL YOU ARE ASKED TO DO SO
Part A:
Answer ALL. Total marks for Part A = [50 marks]
Q1 [10 Marks]
a) What is the physical significance of Prandtl number? Is it possible to consider Pr
as fluid property? Explain how.
(5 marks)
b) Consider a hot baked potato. Will the potato cool faster or slower when we blow
the warm air coming from our lungs on it instead of letting it cool naturally in the
cooler air in the room? Explain using Newtons law of cooling.
(5 marks)
Q2 [10 Marks]
a) Explain briefly the advantages of lumped capacitance analysis and the
circumstances under which this is a suitable approach.
(5 marks)
b) What are the characteristics of a blackbody? Does such a thing actually exist in
nature? What is the principal role of a blackbody behavior in radiation analysis?
(5
marks)
Q3 [10 Marks]
a)
Your friend asserts that, in a heat exchanger, it is impossible for the exit
temperature of the cold fluid to be greater than the exit temperature of the hot
fluid when both fluids are single phase fluids. What is your response? Explain
using diagrams.
(5 marks)
b) Consider air (O2 and N2) in a closed, cylindrical container with its axis vertical
and with opposite ends maintained at different temperatures. If the bottom surface
is colder than the top surface, does mass transfer occur? Explain using Ficks
Law.
(5 marks)
Q4 [10 Marks]
a) Explain the variation of convective heat transfer coefficient in the thermally
developing region and in the fully developed temperature profile region for both
external flow on a flat plate and internal flow in a tube. Show the variation of h
versus x for both cases.
(5 marks)
b) How does dropwise condensation differ from film condensation? Which mode of
condensation is characterized by larger heat transfer rates? Why?
(5 marks)
Q5 [10 Marks]
Consider a hemispherical furnace of diameter, D = 5 m with a flat base as shown in
Figure 1. The dome of the furnace is black, and the base has an emissivity of 0.7. The
base and the dome of the furnace are maintained at uniform temperature of 400 K and
1000 K, respectively. Determine;
a) The view factors F12 and F21.
(5 marks)
b) The net rate of radiation heat transfer from the dome to the base surface during steady
operation.
(5 marks)
Figure 1
Figure 2
Assuming the bulk mean temperature of air to be 300 K, and using properties of air at
1 atm and 300 K and determine
a) The convective heat transfer coefficient h.
(6 marks)
b) The outlet temperature of air Tm,o as it leaves the underwater portion of the duct.
(6 marks)
c) The pressure loss through the pipe and the minimum power required to overcome the
resistance to flow.
(8 marks)
Q7 [15 Marks]
Air at 50C and 3 atm flows over a 100 cm x 100 cm flat-plate held at a constant
temperature of 204C. Determine,
a) air speed that will assure laminar flow over the entire plate.
(5 marks)
c) if the emissivity of the plate is 0.8, determine total heat transfer during this flow.
(5 marks)
Q8 [15 Marks]
A thin-walled container with a hot process fluid at 50 C is placed in quiescent, cold
water path at 10 C as sown in Figure 3. Heat transfer at the inner and outer surfaces of
the container may be approximated by free convection from a vertical plate.
If the surface temperature on the cold water side is 34 C, determine
Figure 3
a) the Rayleigh number RaL.
(5 marks)
(5 marks)
c) Estimate the convection heat rate per unit thickness of the wall.
(5 marks)
Q9 [15 Marks]
A counterflow, concentric tube heat exchanger is used to cool an industrial product ( =
860 kg/m3, Pr = 500, k = 0.138 W/mK , = 32.6 x10-3 Ns/m2 ). The flow rate of cooling
water through the inner tube ( Di = 2 cm) is 0.5 kg/s, while the flow rate of the industrial
product through the outer annulus (D0 = 3 cm) is 0.8 kg/s. The product enters at 100 C.
The water enters at 34 C and leaves at 60 C. Determine
a) Convective heat transfer coefficient of the cooling water.
(5 marks)
(5 marks)
c) How long must the tube be if the outlet temperature of the product is to be 70 C?
(5 marks)
Q10 [15 Marks]
Ethanol (species A) is diffusing through a 4 mm stagnant film of water (species B). The
ethanol concentrations of the entrance and the exiting planes are maintained at 0.1 and
0.02 mol/m3, respectively. If the water film temperature is 283 K, determine
a) The mass diffusivity of ethanol in water at 283 K.
(5 marks)
(5 marks)
T
T
T
T
k
k
k
q c p
x
x
y
y
z
z
t
1
T
1 T
T
T
k
kr
2
k
q c p
r r
r
r
z
z
t
0.05 Re D Pr
lam
To Ts Tm , o
PL
exp
h
Ti
Ts Tm ,i
m
c
p
Tlm
Ts = constant
To Ti
T
ln o
Ti
p f
u m 2 L
2D
P p V
g Ts T L3
Nu L 0.825
0.387 RaL
1 0.492 / Pr 169
8
27
Cmin
,
Cmax
q
qmax
NTU
UA
,
Cmin
DAB p 1T
dx A
dx
xA C A
2C A 2 C A 2 C A
N
1 C A
A
2
2
2
x
y y
z
DAB DAB t
(T14 T24 )
q12 q1 q2
1 1
1
1 2
1 A1 A1F12 2 A2
10
11
12
13
14