WJEC June 2013 C4 Solutions

1. The function

AHB

is defined by
( )

( ) Express ( ) in terms of partial fractions.

( ) Using your result to part ( ),
(i) find an expression for

( ),

(ii) verify that ( ) has a stationary value when

( )

( )

Multiply throughout by

(
Substitute
(

Compare

into EQN
(

.
)

coefficients in EQN

Compare constant terms in EQN

( )
( ) (i)

( ) is the derivative of ( ) with respect to .

( )
( )
( )

(
(

(
(

) )

)
( )

WJEC June 2013 C4 Solutions

AHB

(ii) In order for ( ) to have a stationary point at

( )

( )

( )

(( )

( )
There is a stationary point at

The graph of ( ) only

crosses the axis at one point.
Therefore ( ) has only one
stationary point, since
( )
at only one point.

)
( )

( ) must equal 0.

WJEC June 2013 C4 Solutions

AHB

2. Find the equation of the normal to the curve

at the point (

).

Differentiate the equation of the curve, with respect to .

(

)
Product Rule:

(
(

)(

At the point (

),

( )
( )

and

( )
( )( )

The gradient of the tangent at the point ( ) is 2, however we are trying to find
the equation of the normal. The normal is the line perpendicular to the tangent,
which means the gradient is
(
(

WJEC June 2013 C4 Solutions

3. ( ) Find all the values of

AHB

in the range

satisfying

( ) Express
in the form
constants with
and
.
Hence find all values of in the range

), where

and

are

satisfying

( )
(

)
( )
)
( )

)(

EITHER

OR

( )

, 293.58
(

( )

)
, 250.53

)
(

From the question,

).

Comparing coefficients of terms,

and

( )

WJEC June 2013 C4 Solutions

AHB

)
)
( )

Reminder:
(

WJEC June 2013 C4 Solutions

4. The region

AHB

is bounded by the curve

, the -axis and the lines

.
Find the volume generated when is rotated through four right angles about
the -axis. Give your answer correct to three decimal places.
The volume of this full rotation about the -axis, can be computed by using the
following formula.

From the question, we know that

respectively, and
, so

and are the limits

.

and

(
[

)
]
(

[(

)
)

)
)]

WJEC June 2013 C4 Solutions

5. ( ) (i) Expand (
in .

AHB

) in ascending powers of

(ii) State the range of values of

up to and including the term

for which your expansion is valid.

( ) Use your expansion in part ( ) to find an approximate value for one root of
the equation
(

( ) (i) We can answer this question using the binomial series general formula:
(

with

and

(| |

.
Formula booklet
page 2

Substituting values into the general formula;

(( )
(

( )(

)
(

)
(

, which means this expansion is

, substituting part ( ) (i) into this equation:

)
(
(

(ii) The binomial expansion is valid for | |

valid for | |
or | |
.
( ) (

)(

)
)(

Not a valid value of

. (part ( ) (i))

(
)

WJEC June 2013 C4 Solutions

6. The curve

AHB

has the parametric equations

,

where , are positive constants.

The point lies on and has parameter
( ) Show that the equation of the tangent to

at the point

is

( ) The tangent to at the point meets the -axis at the point and the axis at the point . Find the area of triangle
, where denotes the
origin. Give your answer in its simplest form.
). Show that there is no point
( ) The point has coordinates (
that the tangent to at the point passes through .
( ) Differentiate

and

on

with respect to .

At the point , the parameter is . This means

. We need to find the
equation of the line with gradient
, which passes through the point
(

).
(

(
(

( ) At point , the tangent meets the -axis. This means that

( )
(

At point , the tangent meets the -axis. This means that

( )
(

such

WJEC June 2013 C4 Solutions

AHB

The area of a triangle is

height is

. The base of the triangle is

( ) At the point ,
the tangent,
( )

. Substitute these values into the equation of

Note: We would not be allowed to divide by
if and were not positive whole integers, as
stated in the question. This is because
or
would be solutions to the equation and
so we would be ignoring valid solutions.

Completing the square, (

(
)
tangent to

and the

, which is impossible. So there is no point

at the point passes through .

on

such that the

WJEC June 2013 C4 Solutions

7. ( ) Find (

AHB

( ) Use substitution

to evaluate

( ) This is a product of two functions, so we must integrate it by parts, using the

following formula:

Formula booklet
page 6

Substituting these values into the integration by parts formula;

(

((

( )

)(

)( )

)
)

Limits:
( )
( )

(
[
[

)
]

[
(

)]

]
( )

WJEC June 2013 C4 Solutions

AHB

8. Part of the surface of a small lake is covered by green algae. The area of the lake
covered by the algae at time years is
. The rate of increase of is directly
proportional to .
( ) Write down a differential equation satisfied by .
( ) The area of the lake covered by algae at time
is
covered at time
is
Find an expression for
( ) Since

is directly proportional to ,
, where

( )

and the area

in terms of .

Directly proportional can also

be written as

is a constant.

Using the information given in the question, we can obtain two simultaneous
equations:
When

and

When

Substituting
(

into

and

into

Substituting

and

WJEC June 2013 C4 Solutions

AHB

9. The position vectors of the points

and

are given by
,

respectively.
( ) Write down the vector AB.
( ) The point lies on the line
and is such that
Find the position vector of .

( ) The vector equation of the line is given by

(

(i) Find the vector equation of the line parallel to which passes through
(ii) Verify that

is in fact the foot of the perpendicular from

( )

to .

( ) is of the way between and b,

(

Plus the initial position vector a,

AB
a

( ) (i) The vector r is given in the form

, where m is the position vector
of the point on the line and n is any vector parallel to . Since we want to
find the vector equation of a line parallel to and which passes through ,
we substitute a for m, and keep n the same to ensure it is parallel.
i.e.

)
(

WJEC June 2013 C4 Solutions

(ii)

AHB
a
AB

Line

First we need to prove that the lines AB and are perpendicular. This can
be done by showing that the product of the position vectors of these two
lines equals 0.
Dot product/Scalar product
Vector equation of line :

Vector equation of line AB:

)
(

) (

)
)

Next we need to find values of and . This can be done by comparing the
coefficients of i and j.
(

)
Check:
(

LHS:
RHS:

(
(

)
( )

Substituting

into

Finally, substitute

,
into

( )(

,
)

. This is the same as position vector b so and AB

intersect at point b, and they are perpendicular.
QED

WJEC June 2013 C4 Solutions

AHB

10. Prove by contradiction the following proposition.

When is real,
(

) .

The first line of the proof is given below.

(

) .

This means that:

However the question states that

the initial proposition is true.

which is impossible for real values of .

is real, this means there is a contradiction and

(
The graph of
never below the
therefore is always

) is
,
.