Electrostatic Induction Battery and the Theory of Self-Sufficiency

Lawlesh Tiwari
B.E. (pursuing 5th Sem.) Electronics and Communication
Oriental Institute of Science and Technology
Mob. No. : - +91-8109159982
Email Add. : - loverschoice2047@gmail.com

Abstract
The world with all its problems on energy
crisis and environmental problems need to
change its sources to better placed green
and those with better potentials so the
world is moving for the perpetual motion
machines as opposed by many theoretical
physicists that this is an impossible advent.
The paper discusses the advent from basic
forms and proposes a few designs.
The paper discusses the idea of utilizing the
Electric Field to produce electrical energy
the phenomenon called Electrostatic
Induction. So the Circuit Design presented
is called an electrostatic Induction Battery
which can also be used as detector for
Electric Fields as discussed in paper
however this alone gives no profit to the
society so the paper proposes a whole new
theory called the theory of Self-Sufficiency.
Theory of Self Sufficiency is an idea that
how a perpetual motion machine can be
created or can work. The paper presents a
thought experiment on the view so as to
explain the idea and discusses the impacts
of the theory.
Keywords
Voltage, Current, Resistance, Diode, Zener
Diode, Unilateral flow, Capacitance,
Electric Field, Potential Difference,
Perpetual Machines

Introduction
Complying with todays world energy
requirement is turning to be impossible in
few decades times and we are desperate
for solutions today we are searching for
wireless world to come to rescue we are
exploring impossibilities to be of help. The

Two fields of Electromagnetism are

Electric and Magnetic Fields. Magnetic
Field has been harnessed since the wake of
electric power production to do so but
Electric field waits in the queue to be
harnessed the same way. The Electrostatic
Induction Battery is a device that can
produce power in the presence of an
Electric Field. The paper discusses all the
underlying principles like Coulombs Law,
Ohms law, Diode Equations and regulator
circuits that are used to make the
electrostatic induction battery. The
principle of electrostatic induction battery is
Electrostatic Induction i.e. When a metal
slab or a capacitor is placed in an Electric
Field there is a charge induced at the
opposite ends of it thus producing a
potential difference between the ends and
so if the ends are connected through a
circuit there will be a flow of electrons and
according to the Kirchhoffs Law there is
no accumulation of charge in any section of
the circuit so there will be a stable potential
difference between the ends till it is
removed from the electric field and the
potential difference is proportional to the
Electric field strength and the thickness of
the slab or capacitor taken into the
consideration and a little calibration on the
part of the circuit maker can create a battery
with stabilized output at the required
voltage or can create a circuit to determine
source and magnitude of the electric field
or both and this can further lead to
Perpetual Power Source and as opposed to
the consensus Theory of Self Sufficiency
proves that Perpetual Power Sources can be
created and operated in real environments.

Page 1 of 9

Basic Principles
1. Coulombs Electrostatic Law:
Charles Coulomb stated that the force between two very small objects separated by a
distance which is large compared to their size is proportional to the charge on each and
inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them
Mathematically,

F=

kQ1Q2
d

where Q1 and Q2 are the charges, d the separation, and k the proportionality constant. In SI
units, Q is measured in Coulombs, d in meters, and F in Newton

Where,
= 0 r
= Permittivity of media
0 = Permittivity of free space
r = Relative Permittivity of media

1
k=

And so the field due to a charge Q is

Q
E=

4d2

And the potential due to this Electric field at distance x

V=Ex

2. Ohms Law:
It states that voltage across any conductor is directly proportional to the current flowing
through it.
V=RI
V is voltage or potential difference, I is Current and R is proportionality constant known as
resistance.

3. Diode Currents:
Diode current Equation is
I=I0 [e (V/VT) 1]
Where I = Diode Current
I0 = Diode Reverse Saturation Current at room temperature
V = external voltage applied to the diode
Page 2 of 9

 = a constant, 1 for germanium and 2 for silicon

VT = kT/q = T/11600, volt-equivalent of temperature, i.e., thermal voltage
Where k = Boltzmanns constant (1.38066 x 10-23 J/K)
q = charge of the electron (1.60219 x 10-19 C)
T = temperature of the diode junction (K) = (C+273)
Forward resistance rf = VT/I as current is very large so resistance is negligible
Reverse resistance is very large and almost allows no current as open circuit

4. Zener Diode Voltage Regulator:

Ri

R0

A simple Zener Voltage Regulator circuit is shown in Fig.

The zener diode is selected with Vz equal to the voltage
desired across the load. The zener diode has a characteristic
that under reverse biased condition, the voltage across it
practically remains constant, even if the current changes to
a large extent.

The only requisite for the condition is that the applied

voltage must be greater than breakdown voltage and less than the Peak Inverse Voltage.

Detector
Design
Circuit Discussion

D1

M is Metal Slab

D1, D2, D3 and D4 are Diodes

V is a Voltmeter

D2

Principle and Working

The detector works on the
principle that when a metal slab
is placed in an electric field its
opposite faces will have a
potential difference between
them which will be directly
proportional to the electric field

D3

D4

and the thickness of the slab.

Page 3 of 9

Discussing the metal induction

Lets take a charge Q producing an electric field E and a metal slab M at distance of x meters
from it then
E

x
At closer face the electric field will be stronger say E+dE
And at the farther face weaker say E
So dV = (E+dE) x E(x+dx)
= xdE Edx

..(1)

But E=Q/4x2

.(2)

So dE = -2Qdx/4x3 ..(3)
Putting in (1) the value of E and dE
dV = -3Qdx/4x2
Integrating both sides with limits
V from 0 to V and x from x1 to x2
V = [3Q(x2-x1)/4x1x2]
As x1~x2~x and x2 x1 =d
V = 3Qd/4x2
V = 3Ed
The formula as derived above is
V=3Ed
Where, V is Potential Difference
E is Electric Field at the point
d is Thickness of the slab
The Voltmeter when calibrated for Electric field will give electric field readings directly in
terms of Electric field intensity. By triangulation method techniques the equipotential curve can
be determined and perpendicular to it is the line of action of Field. Two or more readings on the
obtained line of action will enable us to pin-point the location and magnitude of Charge causing
the field

Page 4 of 9

Determination of Magnitude and Location

At Point 1 on the Line of action of Field

E1 =

V1

RR
1 1

3d
R1 =

kQ
kQ

3dkQ
V1

At Point 2 on the Line of action of Field

Similarly,

R2 =

3dkQ
V2
1

R2 =

V1
V1V2

Q=

3dk

11
V2

3dkQ
2

R1-R2
V2 - V1

By taking calibration into account and taking points 1 meter apart

Q=

E1E2
k(E2 - E1)

By putting the value in formula for R1

R1 =
Where,

E2
E2 - E1

E1, E2 are electric field at point 1 and 2 respectively

V1, V2 are potential difference at point 1 and 2 respectively
R1, R2 are distance of point from charge
k is coulombs constant, d is thickness of slab and
Q is the magnitude of charge

Page 5 of 9

Electrostatic Induction Battery

Design
Circuit Discussion

D1

M is Metal Slab

M
Ri

D1, D2, D3 and D4 are Diodes

Ri and R0 are Resistances

D2

Ro

Z is a Zener Diode

Principle and Working

D3

As
stated
before
the
Electrostatic
Induction
produces a battery of 3Ed
potential out of a metal slab.
Then there is bridge circuit
D4
formed of D1, D2, D3, D4
diodes which only convert any provided input to equal positive output
Bridge Circuit
Case 1: The node at junction of D1 and D2 is at higher potential than the junction of D3 and D4
i.e. the input potential is positive.
D1 and D4 will be forward biased and conduct and D2 and D3 being reverse biased will not
conduct thus the junction of D1 and D3 will be at higher potential than that of D2 and D4 so
output is positive
Case 2: The node at junction of D1 and D2 is at lower potential than that at the junction of D3
and D4 i.e. the input is negative.
D2 and D3 will be forward biased and conduct and D1 and D4 being reverse biased will not
conduct thus the junction of D1 and D3 will be at higher potential than that of D2 and D4 so
output is positive
i.e.

VOB = |VIB|

Then the zener regulator implementation provides a regulated output voltage equal to the Zener
Voltage
So the total output of the circuit will be
VO=VZ

Page 6 of 9

The Versatile Device for Electrostatic Induction

Design
Circuit Discussion

D1

M1 and M2 are Metal Slab

M1
Ri

D1, D2, D3 and D4 are

Diodes

D2

Ri and R0 are Resistances

M2

Z
D3

Ro

Z is a Zener Diode
V is Voltmeter

Principle
Working

and

The versatile device for

electrostatic induction as
can be understood from the name and design is a device that can perform both detection
measurement and harnessing of electric field. Understanding the device is pretty easy. The
device contains of two metal slabs which will get induced by electric field and as they are
connected in series they will produce the summed output as of equal depth d the output will be
6Ed.
D4

The voltage input to the Bridge circuit will be

VIB = 6Ed
The output of Bridge circuit will be
VOB = 6Ed
So the calibration for the voltmeter will be accordingly to indicate the strength of electric field.
By knowing the factor for calibration we can know the input power to the zener regulator. Then
the regulator will short the output to the required value according to the zener diode placed in
the circuit.
VO = VZ
As was the case in Harnesser there was only one Metal slab giving 3Ed output or rather 3Ed
input to the regulator if this voltage (potential difference was lower than the Regulator Voltage
then the value would have come out as it and the output would have been lower to the required
but by increasing the number of plates placed parallel and connected in series the output of the
circuit can be stabilized as the input of the regulator doubles.
By simple calculations The input to the zener Regulator is
VIZ = 3nEd

where n = number of slabs and d = depth of metal slab

Page 7 of 9

Theory of Self Sufficiency

Natural Perpetual Sources and Fields show similar nature under consumption they dont get
effected by the amount of consumption being placed as demand on them do if the fields are
properly harnessed they can produce perpetual machines i.e. the total production of power from
the field is equal to the sum of feedback required to keep the field and the requirement as
output.
Feedback + Output = Production
A Mechanical thought Experiment
Design Details
High Pressure Gas filled two cylinders
connected with a thermal conductor so that
the two cylinders can exchange heat but not
matter and there is ideally no leakage of
heat outside the environment. Both
cylinders containing a piston connected to a
high inertia wheel so that if one cylinder is
at compression the other follows expansion
Working and explanation
The Wheel once operated will compress the gas in one cylinder and expand the gas in other
thus heating one and allowing the other to cool. The wheel has high inertia and thus will
continue to be in motion even after it has reached the final point in the compression and
expansion and as the cylinders are connected there will be a flow of heat due to the temperature
difference between the gases and thus it will assist the motion of the wheel still storing the
potential enegy and so the motion will continue due to inertia and the motion of the gases
producing the perpetual motion of the machine provided the heat does not leak from the
cylinders.
A Servo thought Experiment
Design Details
A motor with the shaft radius R1 with
magnetic Field strength B1 which runs at
w1 rpm with V1 volts supplied at the input
is connected to genrator with the shaft
radius R2 (R2<R1) thus rotating at
R1w1/R2 rpm and having an Magnetic
Field strength B2 thus producing V2
(V2>V1) .
Working and explanation
The motor and generator are almost identical ain all aspects but the working is reversed and
thus we can very easilly comprehend the situation as a motor rotating other in the revese
direction. The motor 1 with shaft radius R1 magnetic field strength B1 runs at w1 rpm when V1
volt is applied and the belt drive mechanism runs the genrator at R1w1/R2 rpm and as the
genrator has magnetic field strength B2 ( R1>R2 , B2>B1 ) the output V2 of the genrator is
greater than V1 the volatge required for the operation of the motor so if once the motor has
been started and then the motor is operated from the feedback of the output of the genrator for
the constant condition there will be a residual voltage V2 V1 which can be utilised anywhere
else thus producing a perpetual genrator of electricity.

Page 8 of 9

Conclusion
The paper produces some fine details on the production of the circuit idea on a device that can
trace the source and measure the magnitude of the Electric field and the charge producing it the
same circuit idea with a few modifications can produce a device which behave as a battery in
the presence of an electric field and thus giving the basis for Perpetual Batteries to be created as
opposed by most the Idea of Perpetual Power sources is not a myth and that is proved by the
Theory of Self Sufficiency that implies that a Man-Made Perpetual Power Source can be
created and operated and is viable in all means.

References
1. Electronic Devices and Circuits
The McGraw-Hill S Salivahanan, N Suresh Kumar, A Vallavaraj
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Pearson Robert L. Boylestad, Louis Nashelsky
3. Microelectronics
Tata McGraw Hill Jacob Millman & Arvin Grebel
4. Electromagnetics with Application
McGraw-Hill International Kraus / Fleish
5. Electronic Instrumentation
The McGraw-Hill Companies H S Kalsi
6. Classical Electromagnetism
Pearson Education Jerrold Franklin
7. Engineering Mechanics
Pearson Education D. P. Sharma
8. http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Electric+Field+and+application
9. http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=electron+balistics
10. http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=caliberation
11. http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=belt+drive
12. http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Magnetic+Field+and+application

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