12/30/2014

Top 10 programming languages to learn Now

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Top 10 programming
languages to learn Now

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TechnologyevolvesinmatterofweeksExperts
saythatifyourenotcodingyoumightaswellbe
taggedasilliterateinthefuture.Itisimportantto
futureproofyourselfbygettingtoknowtheleading
computerlanguagesoutthere.Somelanguages
youcangetbasicinformationaboutofftheInternet
areforfree.Therearemassiveonlinelearning
coursesdesignedtogiveyousomebackgroundon
codingwhichyoucanfinishoffbytakingformal
lessonsinestablishedbrickandmortarschools.If
youreinterestedhereare10programming
languagesyoushouldlearnnow.

1.Java
Javaisthelanguagethatpowersabout3million
devicesrangingfromyouraveragehousehold
appliance,yourcar,yoursmartphoneandeventhe
robotthatgoesaroundinyourhousesuckingoff
thedirtfromtherug.Javaisconsideredaswrite
once,runalllanguage.Itmeansthatitisdesigned
torunonmultipleoperatingsystems.
Pros:

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ZivameHackathon
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Javaisplatformindependentitcanberun
oneverything.
providesinvoluntarymemory
management.
Thereisalargelibraryofprebuiltclasses.
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Fiveclassestobuild
anAndroidApplication

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Itssafe.Itsquitetoughtospoilyour
computerthroughprogramminginJava.

GrowthHackingisthe
newruleofmarketing

Cons:

inageofcontext

Itisdifficulttocompileintoastandalone
application.
Memorypointersarenotallowed.
Mostpeopledontlikeobjectoriented
programming.

2.Ruby
Rubyisasimpleandreadableprogramming
languagemainlyfocusedondevelopingweb
basedapplications.DesignedbyYukihiro
Matsumotoin1995,RubypowersRubyonRails,a
webdevelopmentframeworkonwhichnumerous
renownedwebsitesincludingGithub,Scribdand
Grouponhavebeendeveloped.Rubyisregarded
ascombinationofsomeofthemostfamous
featuresofLisp,PearlandEiffel.

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android

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App Development
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Pros
DeploymentisasnapwithCapistrano
Lotsofinterestingpluginsandgemsyou
canusetosavetime.
Active,friendly,helpfulcommunity.
Lotsofgooddocumentation.
Builtintestingframework.
Encouragesgoodprogrammingpatterns.
BuiltinsupportforAJAX.

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Big Data
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Analytics career
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Cons
Requiresmoundsofunittesting(which
caneasilytakemoretimethancodingthe
appitself).
Largewebappsbecomeratherunwieldy.
Railsisbettersuitedtosmaller,tighter
codebases.Becauseitusesa
dynamicallytyped,interpretedlanguage,
riskofregressionbugsinyourapp
increasesexponentiallywiththesizeofthe
codebase.RecentadvancementsinVMs
(JRuby,Rubinius)andIDEs(Komodo,
IntelliJ,RubyinSteel),mayhelpalleviate
someoftheseproblems.
Hardtodebug,stepthroughcode,etc.
Again,newIDEsupportmayhelpsome
withthis,butitwillbesometimebeforeit
isonparwith,say,ASP.NET.
RailsdevelopmentinaWindows
environmentisnotaswellsupportedason
http://www.venturesity.com/blog/top-10-programming-languages-to-learn-now

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Top 10 programming languages to learn Now

aMac.

Hadoop

3.PHP
PHPoralsoknownasprehypertextprocessorisa
serversideandfreescriptinglanguagethatmakes
websitequiteexciting.Itisacodethatcanbe
mixedwithhypertextmarkuplanguageusedto
codewebsitesorwebpagesthatyoubrowseover
theInternet.PHPistheenginethatmakes
Facebook,DiggandevenWordPresswork.
FrameworkslikeYii,CakePHP,PHPDevshelland
Akelosareusedfordevelopmentoflargescale
Webapplications.

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Pros
Ithasregularexpressionsupportandhas
anextensivedatabasesupport
Thereisanextremelylargebodyofbuiltin
functions,andthereisanextension
repositorywithevenmore.
Itsaquickandeasyserversidescripting
language.
Cons
Globalconfigurationparameterscan
changelanguagesemantics,complicating
deploymentandportability.
Plentyofspecialpurposeforms,but
insufficientgeneralpurposeforms.
Lacksnamedparameters,whichhaveto
besimulatedwithassociativearraysor
othertechniques.
ObjectsareCallByValuebydefault,which
istheoppositeofmostlanguagesand
catcheslotsofprogrammersoffguard.
Nestedfunctiondeclarationsalsodontdo
whatyouwouldexpectsincethereareno
localscopes.

4.Python
Pythonisahighlevel,serversidelanguagethat
youwillhavefunlearning.Itisascriptinglanguage
thatisknowntopowermobileappsandsome
websites.Itisaneasylanguagetolearnespecially
tothosethatdonothavemuchbackgroundin
programmingorincomputerscience.Pythons
allurecomesfromitscompactnatureand
readability.Pythonhasauniquecombinationof
beingbothacapablegeneralpurpose
programminglanguageaswellasbeingeasyto
useforanalyticalandquantitativecomputing.
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Foroveradecade,Pythonhasbeenusedin
scientificcomputingandhighlyquantitative
domainssuchasfinance,oilandgas,physics,and
signalprocessing.Pythonhasbeenusedtobuild
massivelyscalablewebapplicationslikeYoutube,
andhaspoweredmuchofGooglesinternal
infrastructure.CompanieslikeDisney,Sony
Dreamworks,andLucasfilmILMrelyheavilyon
Pythontocoordinatemassiveclustersofcomputer
graphicsserverstoproducetheimageryfor
blockbustermovies.
Pros
Pythonisrootedinanopensource
solution.Thismeansthatthesupportforit
throughthecommunityismassive.
MuchlikepowerhousesC,C++,and
others,Pythonhasverystrongobject
orientedfeatures.
Pythonisoneofthemostmature
languagesavailable.Itallowsa
programmertorapidlydevelopand
prototypeaprogram.Pythonhascross
platformportabilitysoaprogrammercan
codeonceanddeploytomultiple
environments.
Cons
Pythonisntthebestformemoryintensive
tasks.
Pythonisinterpretedlanguage&isslow
comparedtoC/C++orjava.
Pythonnotagreatchoiceforahigh
graphic3dgamethattakesupalotof
CPU.
Pythonisevolvingcontinuously,with
constantevolutionthereislittlesubstantial
documentationavailableforthelanguage.

5.Javascript
JavaScriptisaclientsideprogramminglanguage
thatrunsinsideaclientbrowserandprocess
commandsonclientcomputerratherthanserver
whichresultsindecreasedloadonserverand
increasedapplicationsexecutionspeed.
JavaScripthasbeendesignedbyNetscapeand
thereishardlyanywebsitethatdoesntmakeuse
ofJavaScript.Itisderivedfromamorecomplex
computerlanguagecalledC.Itisascriptthat
makessomewebsitesinteractiveandenablesto
playanimationsasyousurftheweb.
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Pros
Beingclientside,JavaScriptisveryfast
becauseanycodefunctionscanberun
immediatelyinsteadofhavingtocontact
theserverandwaitforananswer.
JavaScriptisrelativelysimpletolearnand
implement.
JavaScriptplaysnicelywithother
languagesandcanbeusedinahuge
varietyofapplications.UnlikePHPorSSI
scripts,JavaScriptcanbeinsertedinto
anywebpageregardlessofthefile
extension.
Beingclientsidereducesthedemandon
thewebsiteserver.
Cons
Thecodeexecutesontheusers
computer,insomecasesitcanbe
exploitedformaliciouspurposes.
UsingJavaScriptlimitstheaccessibilityof
aWebsitesinceoldbrowsers,some
mobiledevicesorscreenreadersdonot
recognizeJavaScript.BrowserslikeIE3.0,
Mosaic3.0,NS2.0,Opera2.1.doesnt
supportJavascript.
DifferentbrowsersreadJavaScript
programsdifferently.Itissuggestedthat
theonlywayofbeingabsolutelysurethat
apagewillworkondifferentbrowsersisto
testitaswidelyaspossible.
Editorsnote:Tolearnprogramminglanguages
andmakethemostofitinyourcareer,register
withusnow.

6.C
Cisoneofthemostwidelyusedprogramming
languages.ThesyntaxofJavaandC#arederived
fromit.Itsefficientdesignconstructusemachine
instructions,andthereforeapplicationsthathad
formerlybeencodedinassemblylanguagecould
berunonCcompiler.Chasfacilitiesforstructured
programmingandallowslexicalvariable
scope.RecursionandCcompilersworkseamlessly
withmajorityofavailablecomputerarchitectures
andoperatingsystems.
Pros
Cisacasesensitivelanguage.
Beingeasiertouse,Callowsyoutowrite
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programsfaster.Generallythese
programsarealsoeasiertodebugand
easiertomaintain.Furthermore,itseasier
tomanagelarge,complexprogramsinC.
Cons
CisnotObjectOrientedProgramming
Languages(OOPL)thatswhyC++comes
intoexistencetoovercomethe
disadvantagesofClanguage.
ThereisnoruntimecheckinginC
language.

7.C++
C++isageneralpurposemultiparadigmspanning
compiledlanguagethathasbothhighleveland
lowlevellanguagefeatures.Itwasstartedasan
enhancementtotheCprogramminglanguagein
1979.TheC++programminglanguagehasproved
itselfreallypowerfulwithapplicationsincluding
domainsrelatedtosoftware,serverandclientand
entertainment.Firefox,Winampandmostofthe
AdobeprogramsarecodedinC++.
Pros
C++isverypowerful,andcanbeusedto
createjustaboutanyprogram,including
lowlevelsystemprograms.
ThereisacompilerforC++onevery
majoroperatingsystem.C++programs
thatarepurposelywrittenforportabilitywill
workonmanymajoroperatingsystems
withlittlechangeincode.
C++isalanguagewhichiscompiled
(transformedfromhumanreadablecode
tolowlevelmachinecode),soitcanoften
runfasterthanlanguagessuchasJava,
Python,andC#asitdoesnotdependon
aninterpreteroraruntimeenvironment
whichmustbeloadedbeforehand.
Cons
Itisnotverysafebyitself,asitlacks
automaticboundarychecks,invalidpointer
checksetc,allowsforinvisiblesideeffects
(causingnondeterministicbehavior)and
allowsimplicittypecasting.Manysecurity
issuesandmemoryleaksareadirect
resultofthis,unlessanextraeffortis
madetopreventthem.
Bydefaultthereisnobuiltinmemory
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management,requiringdeveloperstouse
externallibrariesorreinventthewheel.
ItsOOPsystemisratherarchaic.requiring
explicitvirtualizationofmethodsamong
otherthingsusuallyreservedforolder
languages.

8.C#
C#belongstotheMicrosoftsfamilyof
programminglanguageandwasdevelopedin
2000tobeapartofthefirsteverreleaseof
Microsoftsprestigious.NETframework.C#isvery
similartoJavaintermsofcapabilities.Ithasbeen
saidthatC#combinestherobustnessofC++with
theadvancedfeaturesofJava.Therefore,ifyou
aregoodatJava,itisextremelyeasytoswitchto
C#andviceversa.C#languageisusedtodevelop
almostalltypesofsoftwareapplicationsthatcome
withVisualStudioIDE.
Pros
Formany,C#hasafamiliarsyntaxinthat
itfollowsC.
Fullyintegratedwiththe.NETlibrary,
providingaccesstoagreatrepositoryof
functionalityandsupport.
Saferthanitsnamesakes(C++)inthat
pointertypesarenotpermitted.
Cons
Obviouslylessefficientinexecutionthan
C++becauseitisultimatelyinterpreted.
Stillallowspointersinunsafeblocks.
Losesanycrossplatformcapabilities
becauseoftheintegrationwith.NET.

9.SQL
SQLorStructuredQueryLanguageisactuallya
databasequerylanguage.Itprovidesa
standardizedwayofinteractingwiththeunderlying
databaseofanapplication.Itisextremelysimpleto
learnandisprobablyclosesttotheEnglish
languageintermsofsyntax.Almostevery
applicationhasabackenddatabaseandinorderto
interactwiththatyouwillneedtohavesound
knowledgeofSQL.
Pros
Betteruseofmemory/CPU.Inother
words,youdonthaveabunchofCPUs
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runningat20%utilizationanymore.
Highavailabilitybecauseofthehypervisor,
notbecauseofclustering.Forinstance,
ESXServersabilitytoautomaticallymove
VMswhentheresaproblem.
Easiertoscaleup.Sinceyouretalking
VMs,youcanmovetheVMtobigger
hardwareiftheresaneedformore
resources.InanESXenvironment,the
hypervisorscanwatchloadandmove
VMsaroundtomaximizeperformance.
Cons
PoorperformancewithheavyI/O
ResourcesarelimitedbytheVMware
technologyandnotthehardware.This
immaturetechnologyrequiresextensive
testingbeforeitcouldbedeployedto
missioncriticalproductionapplications
withconfidence
Overallocationofavirtualhost.Ifyou
havetoomuchrunningonahost,itsnot
justI/Othatcouldbeimpacted.Itcouldbe
memoryandCPUbottleneckissuesonthe
physicalhostwhichimpairstheSQL
Server.

10.ObjectiveC
ThepurposeofdevelopingObjectiveC
programminglanguagewastoaddressthe
deficienciesinClanguage.However,thelatter
havegainedimmensepopularityowingtoitsusein
developingapplicationsforApplesiPhoneand
iPad.SoundknowledgeofObjectiveCwouldbe
helpfulinlandingyouajobincompaniesthat
developApplebasedsoftwareapplications.
Pros
ObjectiveCisaverypracticallanguage.
ItusesathinruntimewritteninCthatadds
littletothesizeoftheapplication.
Thelanguagewasimplementedontopof
existingCcompilersratherthannew
compiler.ThisallowedObjCtoleverage
thehugeexistingcollectionofCcode,
libraries,tools,andmindshare.
ObjectiveCcanbesummedupasoffering
muchoftheflexibilityofthelaterSmalltalk
systems,inalanguagethatisdeployedas
easilyasC.
Cons
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ObjectiveCdoesnotincludea
namespacemechanism.Instead
programmersareforcedtoaddprefixesto
theirclassnames,apoorsolutionatbest.
ObjectiveCdoesnotsupportoperator
overloading,unlikesomeotherobject
orientedprogramminglanguagessuchas
C++.
ObjectiveCallowsanobjectonlytoinherit
fromoneclass.Howeverthiscanbeseen
tosimplifyinheritancestructuresandthus
aidindebugging.
Belowinthetablewediscussedvarious
benchmarksfordifferentprogramminglanguages
onthebasisofdifferentparametersmentionedin
table.

Program
Languages Source
Code

CPU
secs

Elapsed
secs

0.27

0.27

Java

mandelbrot
1,000
#2

Ruby

mandelbrot
16,000 4,392.20 4,394.28
#2

PHP

mandelbrot
16,000 1,208.64 1,209.12
#2

Python

mandelbrot
1,000
#2

7.28

Javascript

mandelbrot
1,000
#2

Bad
Output

mandelbrot
16,000 5,568.16 5,569.12
#2

C++

mandelbrot
4,000
#2

2.55

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7.40

2.55
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C#

mandelbrot
1,000
#2

0.56

0.56

SQL

Objective
c

mandelbrot
4,000
#2

3.14

3.15

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