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Contents
Decision Making Approaches ........................................................................................................................ 2
Normative ................................................................................................................................................. 2
Descriptive approach ................................................................................................................................ 2
Economic or rational choice mode ........................................................................................................... 2
Simons bounded rationality model.......................................................................................................... 3
Well managed model ................................................................................................................................ 3
Qualitative approaches ............................................................................................................................. 3
Risk and Uncertainty ..................................................................................................................................... 3
Role of stakeholders ................................................................................................................................. 4
Attitude to risk .......................................................................................................................................... 4
Risk management planning ....................................................................................................................... 4
Enterprise risk management ..................................................................................................................... 4
Conclusion ..................................................................................................................................................... 4
Activity 4
Normative
The framework concerning normative model was developed by Victor Vroon. His framework shed
importance on the situation and the importance of decision making. Normative decision making has to
do with norms prevailing in the local environment (Baron, 2012). The term prescriptive is used
interchangeably with normative, which shows the best decision, where best doesnt always indicate the
most optimal.
Descriptive approach
Descriptive or positive model emerged because individuals dont really have a consistent way of
behaving and often comply with self created rules which eventually led to breach of attaining the best
possible.
Qualitative approaches
Qualitative approaches include the broad methods of analyzing how qualitative research can be
undertaken. It explains whether an explicit or implicit method is more appropriate. It requires data
which is experiential and contains certain elements which are needed in the process of decision making
(Sabbadin, Fargier and Lang, 1998). An example to illustrate this notion could be to use this approach to
address an issue over finance availability between two departments in a firm, thereby the senior
management must devote the resource to its most efficient used which is based on quality.
Role of stakeholders
When the projects being pursued have greater interaction with the community, it is essential to realize
that the management of stakeholders will be a necessary task. Thereby the stakeholders will be
attributed a status to risk and uncertainty which is equal to those who are undertaking the project.
Thereby in order to manage and address the problem of risk stakeholder management is an essential
part.
Attitude to risk
The term attitude when discussing risk is used to identify his feelings when confronted with a risky
situation. There are broadly three types of people. First are the risk averse people who want to avoid
risk and will only invest more if compensation is substantial. Second is the risk neutral who are
indifferent. And lastly is the risk seeking who prefer riskier project to lower ones.
Conclusion
Thereby it can be emphasized that in order to cater risk and uncertainty it is essential that every firm
adopts the management technique that best suites its environment.
References
Baron, J. (2012). The point of normative models in judgment and decision making. Front. Psychology, 3.
Dionne, G. (2013). Risk Management: History, Definition, and Critique. Risk Management and Insurance
Review, 16(2), pp.147-166.
Fiori, S. (n.d.). Herbert A. Simon and Contemporary Theories of Bounded Rationality. SSRN Journal.
Galbraith, J. (1977). Organization design. Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley Pub. Co.
Peters, T. and Waterman, R. (1984). In Search of Excellence.Nursing Administration Quarterly, 8(3),
pp.85-86.
Sabbadin, R., Fargier, H. and Lang, J. (1998). Towards qualitative approaches to multi-stage decision
making. International Journal of Approximate Reasoning, 19(3-4), pp.441-471.