DEIS

University of Bologna
Italy

AN INTRODUCTION TO
WAVELET
TRANSFORMS

27/9/2005

Luca De Marchi

DEIS
University of Bologna
Italy

OUTLINE

Time-Frequency Analysis
Introduction on Wavelet Operators
Examples of applications: Radar/Sonar
Experimental results
Conclusions

27/9/2005

DEIS
University of Bologna
Italy

Fourier Analysis
F ( ) =

f (t )e

j t

dt

1
f (t ) =
2

F ( ) e

j t

Fast Discrete Algorithm (FFT)

FFT: a rotation in function space
New basis functions sines and cosines
Not localized in time

27/9/2005

DEIS
University of Bologna
Italy

Signal Analysis
f(t) = f1(t) + f2(t) + f3(t)

t 100
f 2 ( t ) = sin 2
T2

t 30
f 1 ( t ) = sin 2
T1

t 155
f 3 ( t ) = sin 2
T3

27/9/2005

t 100

1 .8 T 2

t 30
2 T1

t 155

3 .2 T 3

T2 = 14

T1=28

T3 = 7

Fast Fourier Transform

27/9/2005

DEIS
University of Bologna
Italy

DEIS
University of Bologna
Italy

Time-Frequency Analysis:
A Well-Known Example

Freq

Time

27/9/2005

Wavelet Transforms

DEIS
University of Bologna
Italy

1 +
+
t b
c (a , b ) =
f
(
t
)

dt
a

R
, bR

a
a
Continuous WT, () finite energy
c(a,b) is a resemblance index between () and ()
located at a position b and scale a representing how
closely correlated is the wavelet with a portion of the
signal
() is localized in frequency and in time

27/9/2005

DEIS
University of Bologna
Italy

Wavelet Analysis

(x ) = C
27/9/2005

x2

e 2

cos (5 x )
8

CWT Analysis

27/9/2005

DEIS
University of Bologna
Italy

Fourier Analysis

DEIS
University of Bologna
Italy

f ( n ) = sin(2 f1 n ) + sin(2 f 2 n ) + [ n , n1 + n , n2 ]
f1= 500Hz
f2=1 KHz
=1/8000 s
=1.5
n1=250
n2=282

27/9/2005

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Wavelet Analysis
t 2

(t ) = Ce

27/9/2005

DEIS
University of Bologna
Italy

ei t e 4

2 2

11

DEIS
University of Bologna
Italy

Radar/Sonar Appplications

Tr
Rx
Tx

Tx
Radar Signal: fc=64Mhz, Tr=50us, =6us, fcarrier=1Mhz

APPLICATIONS: airport Radar, metal detector, medical

application (tissue imaging, velocity blood measurements)
27/9/2005

12

DEIS
University of Bologna
Italy

DENOISING
Problem: Radar/Sonar pulses detection and
filtering in presence of strong noise and
jamming signals

Solution: using a thresholding procedure

performed on coefficients resulting from a

Wavelet Transform analysis

27/9/2005

13

Experimental results
System description

DEIS
University of Bologna
Italy

Signal used to tune the

filter

27/9/2005

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DEIS
University of Bologna
Italy

Experimental results
Signal corrupted by
colored noise

27/9/2005

Signal

spectrum

15

Experimental results

27/9/2005

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University of Bologna
Italy

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DEIS
University of Bologna
Italy

Denoising images (1)

Performance on a echografic image

10

10

sensors

sensors

Algorithm

15

15

20

20

25

25

30

30

100

200

27/9/2005

300

400

500
samples

600

700

800

900

1000

100

200

300

400

500

600
samples

700

800

900

1000

1100

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DEIS
University of Bologna
Italy

Denoising Images (2)

Enhancement of attenuation effects

27/9/2005

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Research topics:
Ultrasounds

DEIS
University of Bologna
Italy

Definition of algorithms
Hardware implementations on FPGA board,
on DSP, or Full Custom Design.
Applications: Biomedical Imaging
Enhancement, Tissues properties
investigation

If you steal from one author its plagiarism, if you

steal from many its research W.Mizner
27/9/2005

19

DEIS
University of Bologna
Italy

Data compression
Fast Discrete algorithms
WT renders sparse large
classes of functions
i.e. few noticeable coefficients
many negligible
Ex. Standard JPEG 2000
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Research topics:
Music Signal Analysis

DEIS
University of Bologna
Italy

Wavelet Spectrogram

Midi Scores
27/9/2005

Source:http://hil.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp
21

Research topics:
Music Signal Analysis

DEIS
University of Bologna
Italy

Definition of algorithms
Hardware implementations on FPGA board,
on DSP, or Full Custom Design.
Applications: Music Information Retrieval,
Sound Synthesis and Analysis

La musique est une mathmatique mystrieuse dont

les lment partecipent de linfini C.Debussy
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Research topics:
Device Simulation

27/9/2005

DEIS
University of Bologna
Italy

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Research topics:
Device Simulation

DEIS
University of Bologna
Italy

Definition of numerical algorithms

Physical relevances analysis
Computational Grid Automatic Design
Software Engineering

Entia non sunt multiplicanda praeter necessitatem

Occam
27/9/2005

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DEIS
University of Bologna
Italy

Conclusions

Wavelet Transform: a tool for time -frequency

analysis

Easy to implement: fast algorithms

Well suited for many applications: such as

non-stationary analysis or data compression

27/9/2005

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DEIS
University of Bologna
Italy

Wavelet Research Group

Professors: Guido Masetti, Sergio Graffi,

Nicol Speciale.
(Sistemi Integrati per lAnalisi Spettrale LS)

PhD Students: Emanuele Baravelli, Luca De

Marchi, Matteo Montani, Nicola Testoni.

Fellows: Salvatore Caporale, Francesco Franz,

Simona Maggio, Marco Messina, Alessandro
Palladini.

27/9/2005

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DEIS
University of Bologna
Italy

Students Publications

FPGA Implementation of QCWT Based Algorithm

for filtering Low SNR Signals, A.Marcianesi,
R.Padovani, N.Speciale, N.Testoni, G. Masetti,
2003.

Wavelet-based Algorithms for Speckle Removal

from B-Mode Images, S. Caporale, A. Palladini, L.
De Marchi, N. Speciale, G. Masetti, 2004.

Wavelet-based Deconvolution Algorithms Applied

to Ultrasound Images, S. Maggio, N. Testoni, L. De
Marchi, N. Speciale, G. Masetti, 2005.

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