01 Ag DSM Implementation Report

AG-DSM PILOT PROJECT AT ANAND
Agricultural
Demand
Side
Management
(Ag- DSM) Pilot Project at Anand, Gujarat
Implementation Report
February 2011
Prepared For
MGVCL
Bureau of Energy Efficiency
Page 1
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF TABLES .......................................................................................................................................4
LIST OF FIGURES......................................................................................................................................5
ABBREVIATIONS .....................................................................................................................................6
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..........................................................................................................................7
A1:
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................12
PREAMBLE .................................................................................................................................................12
OBJECTIVE FOR PREPARATION OF DPR ........................................................................................................14
OVERALL APPROACH FOR DPR PREPARATION .............................................................................................15
Step 1: Secondary Data Collection ........................................................................................................16
Step 2: Field Studies..............................................................................................................................16
Step 3: Interactions with different Stakeholders......................................................................................17
Step 4: Preparation of Best Practices Manual and Monitoring & Verification Protocol..........................17
Step 5: Cost Benefit Analysis and Financing Options .............................................................................18
Implementation Report ..........................................................................................................................18
A2:
PROJECT AREA OVERVIEW AND ANALYSIS........................................................................19
LOCATION AND ACCESSIBILITY OF THE PROJECT AREA ................................................................................19

CLIMATE ....................................................................................................................................................22
OVERVIEW OF EXISTING FACILITIES IN PROJECT AREA ................................................................................23
Electricity Distribution System in Study Area .........................................................................................23
Agricultural Tariff and Subsidy in the Region ........................................................................................25
Irrigation and water Sources in the Region ............................................................................................27
Table 6: Sources of Irrigation in the District ........................................................................................28
Ground Water Scenario in The State And Project Feeder Region ...........................................................29
Water Consumption and Conservation in Agriculture ............................................................................29
Site Based Data Collection and Analysis................................................................................................31
Characteristics of the Project Feeder Lines ...........................................................................................31
Power Supply & Consumption of the Project Feeder Lines.....................................................................32
Supply availability and hourly demand variation ...................................................................................32
Land Use Pattern and Cultivation Scenario in the region.......................................................................35
Socio Economic Profile of the Region ....................................................................................................36
Cropping pattern...................................................................................................................................37
Crop Calendar ......................................................................................................................................38
Crop wise irrigated area .......................................................................................................................38
Animal husbandry and fisheries.............................................................................................................39
Harvesting Cycles and Cropping Pattern of Project Feeder Areas .........................................................40
Forest resources....................................................................................................................................42
Land Holding ........................................................................................................................................42
Water Consumption Pattern ..................................................................................................................43
Average Rainfall and Watersheds in the Region.....................................................................................44
Water Level Variation in the Region ......................................................................................................46
A3:
PUMP SET PERFORMANCE EVALUATION & COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS .......................47
FIELD STUDY OBJECTIVES AND OVERVIEW..................................................................................................47

APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY .................................................................................................................47
Overall Approach..................................................................................................................................47
Measurement and Technical Analysis ....................................................................................................48
PUMP SET EFFICIENCY PERFORMANCE EVALUATION ...................................................................................50
Feeder Details.......................................................................................................................................50
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February 2010

Pump set Details and observations ........................................................................................................51
Operating Efficiency Performance Evaluation .......................................................................................53
Average Operating Efficiency and Average Power Input Estimates ........................................................55
PARAMETERS AFFECTING PUMP SET EFFICIENCY PERFORMANCE .................................................................60
Energy Inefficient Pump Sets .................................................................................................................60
Improper Pump Selection and Usage .....................................................................................................60
Undersized Pipes...................................................................................................................................61
Suction Head Variations and Large Discharge Lengths .........................................................................63
Inefficient Foot Valves and Pipe Fittings ...............................................................................................63
Motor Rewinding and Low Voltage Profile ............................................................................................63
Water Table Variation...........................................................................................................................65
Other Common Causes..........................................................................................................................66
APPROPRIATE SIZING OF NEW ENERGY EFFICIENT PUMP SETS .....................................................................67
BASELINE ENERGY CONSUMPTION ..............................................................................................................67
ESTIMATES OF ENERGY SAVING POTENTIAL ................................................................................................69
A4:
AG-DSM PROJECT FINANCING AND BUSINESS MODEL ....................................................74
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF BUSINESS MODELS .....................................................................................74

Guiding Parameters ..............................................................................................................................74
Project Risk Assessment and Mitigation.................................................................................................74
Development of Business Model ............................................................................................................76
COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS FOR REPLACEMENT OF EXISTING PUMP SETS ........................................................77
Cost Estimates for Efficiency Improvement ............................................................................................77
Monetary Savings/ Benefit to MGVCL ...................................................................................................79
A5:
MONITORING & VERIFICATION PROTOCOL ......................................................................85

Responsibilities of ESCO / Contractor...................................................................................................87
MGVCLs Duties, Responsibilities and Obligations ...............................................................................90
Payment Terms and Conditions .............................................................................................................91
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LIST OF TABLES
TABLE 1: AG DSM PROJECT FEEDER LOADING DETAILS ..................................................................................24
TABLE 2: AG DSM PROJECT FEEDER LOADING DETAILS ..................................................................................26
TABLE 3: FEEDER WISE SEGREGATION OF METERED AND UN-METERED CONSUMERS...........................................26
TABLE 4: STATUS OF ELECTRICITY CONNECTIONS ............................................................................................27
TABLE 5: IRRIGATION POTENTIAL IN THE DISTRICT ..........................................................................................28
TABLE 6: SOURCES OF IRRIGATION IN THE D ISTRICT .......................................................................................28
TABLE 7: IRRIGATION SOURCE WISE NUMBER OF PUMP SETS INSTALLED FOR DIFFERENT FEEDERS.......................30
TABLE 8: VILLAGES SERVED BY MGVCLS PROJECT FEEDER LINES ..................................................................31
TABLE 9: FEEDER WISE AT&C LOSSES.............................................................................................................32
TABLE 10: FEEDER WISE MONTHLY SUPPLY AVAILABILITY HOURS FOR FY 08-09...............................................33
TABLE 11: UNITS SOLD, BILLED AMOUNT, COLLECTED AMOUNT FROM CONSUMERS, STATE SUBSIDY, ARR
REQUIREMENT AND S HARE OF AGRICULTURE REVENUE ..........................................................................33
TABLE 12: ANAND DISTRICT LAND USAGE PATTERN ........................................................................................36
TABLE 13: ANAND DISTRICT POPULATION SCENARIO .......................................................................................36
TABLE 14: ANAND DISTRICT CROPPING PATTERN ............................................................................................37
TABLE 15: ANAND DISTRICT CROPPING CALENDAR .........................................................................................38
TABLE 16: AREA UNDER IRRIGATED CROPS......................................................................................................39
TABLE 17: LIVESTOCK AND OTHER OCCUPATIONS ............................................................................................39
TABLE 18: FEEDER WISE CROPPING PATTERN FOR STUDY AREA .........................................................................41
TABLE 19: OPERATIONAL HOLDINGS IN THE DISTRICT ......................................................................................42
TABLE 20: AREA UNDER CULTIVATION FED BY DIFFERENT IRRIGATION SOURCES IN PROJECT BOUNDARY ............43
TABLE 21: PARAMETERS AFFECTING THE WATER CONSUMPTION .......................................................................43
TABLE 22: DISTRICT R AINFALL IN MM FOR LAST FIVE YEARS ............................................................................45
TABLE 23: PARAMETERS INDICATING FEEDER DETAILS .....................................................................................51
TABLE 24: FEEDER WISE OVERALL OPERATING EFFICIENCY RANGE FOR DIFFERENT PUMP TYPES.........................55
TABLE 25: FEEDER WISE AVERAGE OPERATING EFFICIENCY FOR DIFFERENT RATINGS & TYPES OF PUMP SETS .....56
TABLE 26: PIPELINE SELECTION WITH RESPECT TO FLOW REQUIREMENT ............................................................62
TABLE 27: BASELINE ENERGY CONSUMPTION ESTIMATES BASED ON AVERAGE INPUT POWER AND OPERATING
HOURS ...................................................................................................................................................68
TABLE 28: ENERGY SAVING POTENTIAL FOR REPLACEMENT OF EXISTING PUMP SETS WITH ENERGY EFFICIENT
PUMP SETS .............................................................................................................................................72
TABLE 29: RISK ASSOCIATED AND MITIGATION MEASURES................................................................................74
TABLE 30: DETAILS OF COST OF ENERGY EFFICIENT PUMP SETS .........................................................................77
TABLE 31: DETAILS OF PROJECT COSTS ............................................................................................................79
TABLE 32: LIST OF ASSUMPTIONS ....................................................................................................................79
TABLE 33: CASH FLOW STATEMENTS FOR PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION THROUGH DISCOM MODE ........................81
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LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE 1: SHARE OF AGRICULTURAL POWER TO TOTAL POWER IN DIFFERENT STATES ......................................13
FIGURE 2: STEPS INVOLVED & TIMEFRAME FOR PREPARATION OF DPR.............................................................16
FIGURE 3: LOCATION MAP FOR THE PROJECT STUDY AREA ...............................................................................21
FIGURE 4: MGVCLS EXISTING LT ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION STRUCTURE AT SOME PLACES IN ASHI FEEDER .24
FIGURE 5: MGVCLS EXISTING HVDS ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION STRUCTURE AT MOST OF THE FEEDERS ......25
FIGURE 6: GROUND WATER CATEGORIZATION FOR STATE AND REGION............................................................29
FIGURE 8: TOTAL AREA VS PRODUCTION OF FOOD CROPS ................................................................................35
FIGURE 9: CROPPING PATTERN ACROSS THE REGION BASED ON HARVESTING CYCLES ........................................40
FIGURE 10: IRRIGATION WATER SOURCE IN THE REGION ..................................................................................46
FIGURE 11: OVERALL APPROACH FOR PUMP PERFORMANCE EVALUATION ..........................................................48
FIGURE 12: OPERATING EFFICIENCY RANGE FOR MONOBLOCK PUMP SETS .......................................................54
FIGURE 13: OPERATING EFFICIENCY RANGE FOR SUBMERCIBLE PUMP SETS ......................................................54
FIGURE 14: OVERALL OPERATING EFFICIENCY RANGE FOR ALL PUMP SETS ......................................................55
FIGURE 15: PERFORMANCE CURVES FOR MONOBLOCK PUMPSET OPERATING AT DIFFERENT VOLTAGES ............64
FIGURE 16: VARIATION OF EFFICIENCY WITH RESPECT TO WATER TABLE ...........................................................65
FIGURE 17: EFFICIENCY VS HEAD AND FLOW FOR AN ENERGY EFFICIENT PUMPSET ..........................................66
FIGURE 19: DISCOM MODE BUSINESS MODEL .................................................................................................76
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ABBREVIATIONS
AT&C
BEE
BEP
CER
CT
DISCOM
DPR
DSM
DTR
ECM
EBDT
EEPS
ESCO
GHG
GI
GPS
HDPE
HP
HT
HVDS
IRR
LD
LMC
LT
M&V
GERC
MGVCL
NGO
PPP
PVC
R&M
UNFCCC
: Aggregate Technical & Commercial

: Bureau of Energy Efficiency
: Best Efficiency Point
: Certified Emission Reports
: Current Transformer
: Distribution Company
: Detailed Project Report
: Demand Side Management
: Distribution Transformer
: Energy conservation measures
: Earnings before Depreciation and Tax
: Energy Efficient Pump Sets
: Energy Service Company
: Green House Gas
: Galvanised Iron
: Global Positioning System
: High Density Polyethylene
: Horse Power
: High Tension
: High Voltage Distribution System
: Internal Rate of Return
: Liquidated Damage
: Load Management Charge
: Low Tension
: Monitoring and Verification
: Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission
: Madhya Gujarat Vij Co. Limited
: Non Government Organisation
: Public Private Partnership
: Polyvinyl Chloride
: Repair & Maintenance
: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
Page 6
February 2010
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Project Background
1.
In order to accelerate Demand Side Management (DSM) measures in agriculture

sector, Government of India approved a scheme on Agricultural Demand Side
Management (Ag DSM) to be implemented by Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE),
Ministry of Power. The objective of the scheme is to create appropriate framework for
market based interventions in agricultural pumping sector by facilitating a conducive
policy environment to promote Public Private Partnership (PPP) to implement
projects.
2.
After the initial success of the Pilot Ag DSM in Maharashtra and as a part of National
Ag DSM scheme, the second batch of Ag DSM pilot projects were launched in
Gujarat, Punjab, Rajasthan & Haryana states. The subject report covers the Ag DSM
study for Anand circle in Gujarat. This Ag DSM project covers 533 agricultural
pumps connected on four feeders (Siswa, Ashi, Bharoda and Khankuwa) in Anand
circle under MGVCL, Gujarat.
3.
The Detailed Project Report (DPR) was prepared by MITCON Consultancy Services
Ltd. after an exhaustive survey and detailed energy audit study for each and every
pump. During the energy audit study detailed information (about all the agricultural
consumers) such as pumps specifications (number, type, make, age and rating), water
requirements / consumption, status of meter installation, number of harvesting cycles,
cropping pattern, underground water level in different seasons, power supply pattern
and socio-economic conditions etc. has been collected and analyzed.
4.
This detailed project report was prepared to provide an insight to distribution utility /
Energy Service Company (ESCO) for making investments in implementing energy
efficiency measures on a rural pump set feeder. The intervention would lead to lower
energy supply on the feeder, and hence, could result in lower subsidised energy sale
by utilities and lesser subsidy to be paid by the State Government.
5.
Subsequently, the business model was discussed with various officials from MGVCL
and GUVNL and various parameters of the business model were agreed upon.
MGVCL further made a decision to implement the AgDSM Project under DISCOM
model.
6.
The main aim for this pilot project is to enable and facilitate the implementation of
this project throughout the state, thus it was also decided to use the parameters
applicable to the entire state while constructing the business model. The following
were the key differences between state and the MGVCL specific parameters
Assumption
% of metered pumps
% of unmetered pumps
Power purchase cost, per kWh
Hours of Operation
MGVCL
73%
27%
3.37
1580
State
30%
70%
2.96
2279
Page 7
February 2010

Distribution losses for Ag feeder
7.
19%
15%
In following sections it is discussed how Ag DSM in agriculture pumps provides an

opportunity for energy savings to Madhya Gujarat Vij Company Limited (MGVCL)
and its techno-economic viability.
Site Based Data Collection and Analysis

8.
Out of 533 pump sets studied, most of the pumps (81%) at the four feeders are
metered and have been charged either on the basis of energy meters consumption or
on flat HP basis.
9.
As per analysis of pumpsets on the basis of irrigation water source, around 11 % (58)
pump sets are fed from open wells and balance 89 % (474) pump sets are fed from
bore wells. Most of the open well pumps (40) are installed at the Khankuwa feeder.
Pump Set Efficiency Performance Evaluation

10.
The overall average operating efficiency based on weighted average of HP rating

for all the existing pump sets is about 42.64 %. The same is higher as compared to
other project studies due to increased awareness amongst farmers in the Gujarat
region, HVDS implementation by MGVCL and continuous upgradation by farmers
from monoblock submersible pumps to bore well pumps even for open wells. The
improvement in the quality of power in terms of frequency and supply voltage by
implementing HVDS has significantly improved pump set efficiency and realise
energy savings for these pumps at Anand feeder.
11.
To obtain maximum energy efficiency & savings margin, it is necessary to size the
proposed Energy Efficient Pump Sets (EEPS) correctly on the basis of measured head
and flow after considering water level variations.
12.
Head and flow data for each consumer / pump set has been considered along with the
sites water level variation and changes in cropping pattern to select an EEPS from the
manufacturers STAR rated pump set models. This exercise has been carried out for all
the pump sets audited. The overall average operating efficiency for Energy
Efficient Pump Sets as estimated and received from a reputed manufacturer is
around 58.18 %.
Estimates of Energy Saving Potential

13.
The annual average operating hours for all the pump sets connected in the state of
Gujarat have been established as 2279 hrs. Based on this estimate of operating hours
the baseline energy consumption is arrived at 13.25 MUs.
Page 8
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Energy
Consumption
less AT & C =
loss for 533
Pumps sets
No. of Pump sets x avg. kW of each pump type x annual

operating hrs.
=
13.25
MUs
14.
The overall average expected operating efficiency for energy efficient pump sets is
arrived at 58.184 %, based on replacement options of STAR rated pump sets selected
alongwith leading pump suppliers.
15.
The overall average operating efficiency of each pump type is used to arrive at revised
average input power rating for energy efficient pump sets as provided below,
Average
input
power rating for
energy
efficient
pump sets
Overall average operating efficiency for existing pump sets

* Existing average input power in kW
Overall average operating efficiency for energy efficient
pump sets
16.
The energy saving potential is estimated only for improvement in the system
efficiency due to replacement of existing pump sets with energy efficient pump
sets.Thus the Overall consumption of existing pump sets works out to 13.24 Million
units, whereas with energy efficient pump sets the consumption will go down to 9.47
Million units for same average operating hours. This leads to a savings of about 3.77
Million units at pump end. This saving is equivalent to about 28.46% of existing
energy consumption.
17.
To account for various risks faced by the project implementing agency, the project
feasibility was decided to be carried out at savings equivalent to about 25% of
existing energy consumption i.e. (3.313 M.U.)
Project Financing and Business Models

In Gujarat, MGVCL has always been in the forefront for implementing DSM
measures in the agriculture sector as well as all other sectors. MGVCL has already
implemented HVDS for these four feeders and achieved considerable reduction in
energy losses. MGVCL has decided to implement the project under DISCOM Mode.
18.
Capital Cost: The total project cost estimate for implementing the Ag DSM pilot
project at four feeders, is about Rs. 195.46 Lakh.
19.
Repair and Maintenance (R&M) Cost: The annual R&M Cost (post warranty
period) for all the 533 pumps is around 15.25 Lakhs. For sustaining the savings, repair
and maintenance should be provided for 4 years (after warranty period of 1 year). The
total R&M cost for 4 years after warranty is Rs. 60.98 Lakhs.
20.
Overall project cost: The total project cost estimate for the Ag DSM Project in
Anand, is about Rs. 256.44 Lakhs.
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21.
The various cost parameters are tabulated below in Table B.
Table B: Details of project costs

Particulars
Cost of Energy Efficient Pump Sets
Cost of dismantling existing pump set and installing EEPS
Cost of replacing foot valves for monoblock pump sets
Repair & Maintenance cost
Total Project Cost
22.
Value in
Rs
Lakhs
191.68
3.567
0.205
60.98
256.44
Monetary savings to MGVCL: Gujarat is a power surplus state thus by

implementing the project MGVCL would avoid purchasing power. MGVCLs
holding company GUVNL purchases power at Rs. 2.96 per kWh. Agricultural
consumers are supplied energy at a subsidised metered tariff of Rs 0.50 per kWh (plus
state subsidy share of Rs 0.96/kWh), also there is a demand charge of Rs
10/HP/month for metered consumers and Rs 160/HP/month for unmetered consumers.
The DISCOM also has an ability to collect about Rs. 0.63 per kWh from the
consumers as FPPPA. Hence MGVCL will be benefited due to reduction in
agricultural energy consumption. Considering 100% subsidy continuation for the
project cycle of 5 years, the detailed project financial analysis for a period of 5 years
has been carried out for project implementation through DISCOM Mode.The
summary of benefits for DISCOM business model is provided in sections below.
DISCOM Mode
23.
In this case the project is financed by a DISCOM. The implementation can be

contracted out to an ESCO.
24.
Considering 100% continuation of subsidy, the detailed financial analysis based on

the above details shows a payback period of 4 years. The project IRR for a project
cycle of 5 years is 11.30%.
25.
Over all, the project is well conceived and conceptualised, with sound commercial
viability. The expected financial returns are quite satisfactory. Similar agriculture
pumping efficiency improvement projects in other states are now techno
commercially proven in India. All perceived risks have adequate safe guards. The
project is recommended for equity participation and lending by financial institutions
and MGVCL as well.
26.
All the technical risks have been discussed and mitigated. The energy savings are
assured considering that almost all the pumps have been actually tested and efficiency
levels verified. The above facts should give MGVCL enough confidence to
implement this Ag DSM pilot project on their own.
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27.
As this is the first project of its kind being taken up in the state of Gujarat under the
guidance of Bureau of Energy Efficiency and with active participation of MGVCL
the farmers would be rest assured of its objective and exquisitely support for its
implementation.
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A1:
INTRODUCTION
1.
India is endowed with a rich and vast diversity of natural resources, water being one
of them. Its development and management plays a vital role in agriculture production.
Integrated water management is vital for poverty reduction, environmental sustainable
economic development. Irrigation is an ancient art, as old as civilization but for the
modern world, it is a science of survival. The pressure of survival and the need for
additional food are necessitating a rapid expansion of irrigation in India, but in many
pats water is becoming a scare commodity.
2.
The pumping of ground water to irrigate crops consumes around 50% of ground water
resources and abour 35% of the electricity generated in the country. In cities we are
now facing a daily crisis like situation in the form of long hours of load shedding and
day long water cuts every week. The situation in villages is still worse. There is an
increasing awareness that decisive action must be taken soon to avert a future
calamity. The targetted 8 % GDP growth for India, crucially hinges on the growth of
power availability at close to 15% per annum. If India is to meet this growth target for
power availability, its entire requirement cannot come solely from generation / supply
augments. A major contribution will have to come from savings through better
demand management and improvement in the end use efficiency.
3.
Even though the demand of water and agricultural is going to increase from 470 BDM
in 1985 to 740 BCM in 2025, the actual availability of the water will reduce from
83% to 69%, because of the fact that priority is being given to domestic and industrial
use. Thus tremendous amount of pressure lies on suppliers and users of agricultural
sector.
Preamble
4.
The agriculture sector is one of the major and inefficient power user in India and
provides immense opportunity to save energy through better demand side
management techniques. Implementing agricultural DSM is also important for
improving financial health of most of the distribution utilities in India since these
utilities sell significant amounts of power to the agricultural consumers for water
pumping at subsidised rate and barely get a revenue return. Figure 1 below indicates
the electricity sales to the agricultural sector for various states in the country.
5.
Across the states, share of agriculture sector in total sales of electricity has been
significant in Gujarat. In all the states generally the difference between the percentage
sales of electricity to agriculture sector and percentage realisation from agriculture
sector has increased leading to increase in electricity subsidy to agriculture over the
period. Among all the states, electricity subsidy to agriculture sector is amongst the
highest in Gujarat. Analysing the per capita consumption of electricity in agriculture,
it is observed that amongst the states, Gujarat with per capita consumption of 272 kilo
watt hour (KWH) was at the top followed by Haryana and Punjab at 249 KWH and
248 KWH respectively.
Page 12
February 2010
Figure 1: Share of Agricultural Power to Total Power in different States

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6.
Although 71% of the earth surface is covered with water, less than 1% of the earths
water is readily accessible for irrigation, drinking and house hold use indicating acute
scarcity of water. 3% of this water mainly consumed for domestic use, 14% of the
industrial use and 83% for agricultural use.
7.
The problem is further compounded by the fact that of the total water used in India
25 bcm 83% goes for irrigation and of this amount half comes from the exploitation
of the ground water resources. This not only creates stress on the water table but also
is highly energy intensive. Energy intensity of pumping is increasing further because
of falling water table.
8.
This has implication for the sustainable development and its impact on the persons
below the poverty line. This is because even today more than 60% of the work force
in India is employed in farming activity and almost 70-80% of the poor in the country
are either marginal farmers or the land-less labourers.
9.
Adequate efforts have not been made so far to adopt efficient water and fertilizer use
technology. Many parts of the irrigated area where traditional methods of
flood/furrow irrigation is followed, have become water logged and affected by soil
salinity resulting in low productivity of fertile land. It is reported that 7 millions ha.
Fertile land has been affected due to soil salinity as result of indiscriminate use of
water and fertilizer inputs.
10.
The ultimate irrigation potential of India is estimated in 139.95 million ha is by major

and medium projects, 17.4 million ha for surface water Minor Irrigation projects and
remaining 64.05 Million ha from ground water irrigation projects. About 65.6% of the
ultimate irrigation potential is already developed leaving a scope for bringing
additional 48.16 Million ha area under irrigation. The water use efficiency (WUE) in
India Agriculture, at about 30-40 percent, is one of the lowest in the world, against 55
percent in china. This requires paradigm shift in conservation and in agriculture
Page 13
February 2010

policies, which should lead to saving of water, fertilizer and energy resulting in a crop
diversification and equitable distribution of resources.
11.
Besides the above, the inefficient water pumping in the agriculture sector also has its
impact on global warming and climate change though the emission of the green house
gases (GHG). Carbon-dioxide (CO2) constitutes almost 90% of the total GHG emitted
by burning of fossil fuel. In India, burning of coal in power plants emits nearly 50%
of the total carbon emissions. This has both global as well as local implication.
12.
The irrigation pump sets used are generally very inefficient with operating efficiency
level of 30% or less is common. The pump sets are more often oversized so as to suck
water from increasingly declining depths and also to withstand large voltage
fluctuations. The energy consumption is high mainly due to
13.
14.
Improper selection and installation,
Use of high-friction piping, and
Lack of proper maintenance.

Experience in India has established that the electric energy required to deliver a given
quantity of water can be reduced by about 20% to 30% simply by replacing the
inefficient pump set with more efficient, right-sized pump set and installing a lowfriction foot valve & piping. However, farmers are unwilling to provide for these
improvements because the present electricity tariff does not provide a financial
incentive to do so and because poor voltage conditions exclude it.
With this background, the Ministry of Power along with Bureau of Energy Efficiency
has taken initiative for improving agriculture pump efficiency of Anand circle in
Gujarat with a view to implement the model in other areas based on its success. Four
agricultural feeders namely Siswa, Ashi, Bharoda & Khankuwa have been selected
for preliminary study & replacement potential of inefficient pumps with energy
efficient pumps.
Objective for preparation of DPR

15.
The study involves measuring the present operating efficiency of the 533 agriculture
pumps identified at the four feeders at the Anand sub-division region and recommend
new energy efficient pump replacements for the same.
16.
In agriculture sector, most of the irrigation pump-sets operate at poor efficiency.

There are many other parameters such as water table variation, irregular maintenance,
poor supply voltage, use of non standard pumps, improper pump sizing etc., which
could affect the efficiency of the pump-sets. The broad objective of this study is to
study the impact of those external parameters on overall average operating efficiency
and to estimate the energy saving potential. The detailed objectives of this study are
as provided below,
(i)
Identifying operating efficiency of all the pumps considered in the study,
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February 2010

(ii)
Identify the major causes of low operating efficiency and recommend

improvements / better operating practices,
(iii)
Study external parameters that could affect the efficiency and their impact on
operating efficiency,
(iv)
Cost benefit analysis for various options for saved energy due to pump set
replacement,
(v)
Identify agencies to service and maintain efficiency of replacements

undertaken,
(vi)
Propose a Monitoring & Verification Protocol to measure and quantify the

savings incurred.
Overall Approach for DPR Preparation

17.
Overall approach adopted in preparing the DPR along with detailed timeframe is
provided in Figure 2 below and activities carried out in different steps are briefed in
section below,
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February 2010
Figure 2: Steps involved & Timeframe for Preparation of DPR

Time Frame
Oct 09
Nov 09
Dec 09
Jan 09
Feb 10
Start Date
Step 1
Secondary Data
Collection
Step 2
Field Studies
Step 3
Interactions with Different

Stakeholders
Step 4
M & V Plan & Best

Practice Manual
Step 5
Cost Benefit Analysis &

Report Compilation
MGVCL Consumer list, Feeder Consumption,

Tariff, Subsidy , water table variation, watershed
maps and water sources etc.,
Detailed Audit Study of 533 Pump sets under Project
Workshop for Farmers

Workshop for
MGVCL Employees
Interaction with
Pump Manufacturers
Cost Benefit Analysis for Different Options
Draft DPR
Submission
Final DPR
Submission
Step 1: Secondary Data Collection

18.
Secondary data required for preparation of DPR is collected from various

organisations such as Madhya Gujarat Vij Company Limited (MGVCL), Gujarat
Water Resources Development Corporation, (GWRDC), Narmada Water Supply &
Water Resources Department, Bore well agencies and farmers in the Region, Pump
Manufacturers etc,
19.
The secondary data collected was comprised of electrical distribution system,

agriculture metering system, agriculture tariffs and subsidy details, feeder wise
electricity consumption pattern, seasonal water level variations, number of harvesting
cycles, feeder details etc.
Step 2: Field Studies

20.
Detailed audit study for each and every pump set is carried out. The objective of
detailed audit is to determine the existing pump set efficiency, which mainly involved
measurement of water discharge, suction and discharge heads, piping type, diameter,
length and pump set input power.
21.
In addition to this additional information like name plate details of existing pump sets,
delivery valve position, foot valve status / condition, willingness of owners to
Page 16
February 2010

participate in the project, other socio economic conditions and cropping pattern etc, is
also collected after interviewing the individual farmers.
Step 3: Interactions with different Stakeholders
22.
For awareness of Agricultural Demand Side Management the project at Anand

subdivision of Anand district, farmers open house meetings were organised at few
villages, where several farmers participated and discussed about the issues associated
with the project. Farmers Open House Meetings in few areas were arranged in
coordination with village heads (Sarpanch), local political heads and MGVCL
officials.
23.
As a part of Ag DSM programme, workshop for farmers in Anand region was

conducted on 21st November 2009. The objective of the workshop was to make
farmers aware about the BEE Ag DSM project and benefits of the scheme to them. A
Workshop for MGVCL employees was also organised on 23rd October 2009 which
involved a half day presentation and around 15 to 20 MGVCL employees attended the
workshop.
24.
Interaction with various pump manufacturers / suppliers were also made to understand
the selection criteria, impact of changing water levels on the pump set efficiencies,
input power and to study the pump curves. During the interaction the efficiency range
of different types of star labelled pumps along with technical details, budgetary
quotes, suppliers of spare parts etc. is also discussed.
Step 4: Preparation of Best Practices Manual and Monitoring & Verification Protocol
25.
DSM and energy efficiency practices under implementation and operation and
maintenance practices in other regions are reviewed and incorporated in the Best
Practices Manual. In order to provide a ready reference to the ESCOs, manual also
provides list of pump manufacturers / suppliers of spare parts and repair companies.
26.
Energy Service Companies / Distrbution utilities are being encouraged to under take
implementation of these DPRs with the help of financial institutions. The ESCO/
Utility would invest in energy efficiency measures on the agricultural pump sets and
will get paid though the revenue from sale of saved energy to other consumers at an
average tariff and part of the savings in the state government subsidy.
27.
However to ensure the energy savings, appropriate monitoring and verification

protocol needs to be in place. Detailed monitoring and verification protocol is
provided to limit the uncertainties in the savings. From transparency point of view
local NGOs and agricultural institutes might play an important role of Monitoring
and Verification.
Page 17
February 2010

Step 5: Cost Benefit Analysis and Financing Options
28.
Replacement of existing pump sets with correctly selected, better designed energy
efficient pumps having higher efficiency for the same head range will give same
water output and consumes lesser power.
29.
Cost benefit analysis for investments made in replacement of pump sets and saved
energy thereof is estimated from MGVCL point of view based on avoided power
purchase cost. In addition to this various financing options are also explored.
Implementation Report
30.
After preparation of the DPR, BEE held many rounds of discussions with various
stakeholders involved in the project to ensure implementation of the project. The
discussion lead to a better understanding of the unique (power surplus state) power
situation in Gujarat.
31.
MGVCL further took a decision to implement the project in DISCOM mode leading
to the implementation report.
Page 18
February 2010
A2:
PROJECT AREA OVERVIEW AND ANALYSIS
Location and Accessibility of the Project Area

1. The four feeders under study are located in Anand district under Umreth & Borasad
talukas. The feeders are situated at 22 & 22.35 N latitude and 73& 72.55 E
longitude. Anand is one of the most prominent districts of Gujarat and is known for its
milk production in the country. Anand is located near the gulf of Cambay in the
southern part of Gujarat about 35 km from Vadodra. Proximity with Ahmedabad,
Vadodara, Bharuch and Gandhinagar has made the district an important industrial
center. The district has 8 talukas, of which the major ones are Anand (district
headquarter), Umreth, Anklav, Borsad and Khambhat.
2. The four feeders under the Ag DSM project study are located in Umreth & Borasad
talukas. Four agricultural separated feeders namely Siswa, Ashi, Bharoda &
Khankuwa selected for the Ag DSM project. The boundary of the Ag DSM project is
restricted to 36 villages. The four agricultural feeders Siswa, Ashi, Bharoda &
Khankuwa are supplied from 66 KV substations located at Ras, Borsad, Ode &
Umreth respectively.
Page 19
February 2010
3. There are various transport modes available to reach Anand. A good rail network
connects Anand with Delhi and Mumbai, via the main western railway network. The
nearest airports are at Vadodra and Ahmedabad.
4. By road, Anand is well linked with almost all the major cities of Gujarat as well as
rest of the country. There are regular bus services connecting Anand with Vadodra,
Surat and Ahmedabad.
Page 20
February 2010
Figure 3: Location Map for the project Study Area
District map of Anand with Talukas
Page 21
February 2010
Climate
5. The climate of this district is characterized by a hot summer and dryness in the non
rainy seasons. The year may be divided into four seasons. The cold season from
December to February is followed by the hot season from March to May. The south
west monsoon season is from June to September while the months of October and
November form post monsoon season.
a) Temperature
6. Anand district has a Meteorological observatory in city itself. The records of this
observatory may be taken as representative of the Meteorological condition prevailing
in the district as a whole. The period from March to May is one of continuous rise in
temperatures. May and June are the hottest months with the mean daily maximum
temperature and the mean daily minimum temperature reaching their peak. Mean
daily maximum and minimum temperatures start decreasing thereafter. During the
months November to January, night temperature drops rapidly and usually January is
the coldest month.
b) Winds:
7. Winds are generally light and moderate in summer and the south-west monsoon
season. They become stronger westerly to south westerly winds prevailed in the
south-west monsoon season. In October winds are from directions between west and
north east. In November and December winds are mainly from directions between
north and east. In January and February winds are again from directions between west
and north-east. In the summer season the winds are pre-dominantly from directions
between south-west and north-west.
c) Rainfall:
8. The annual rainfall in the district is received during the south-west monsoon season
from June to September. July is usually the month of the highest rainfall. The annual
rainfall of this district is 786.3mm in the year 1998 and 463.4 mm in the year 1999.
d) Soil Type:
9. The soils of the district can be classified into two main types: the Goradu (Gravelly)
and black. The Goradu type is mainly found in the charotar tract comprising Anand,
Borsad, Petlad and parts of Khambhat talukas. The black type of the Bhal tract is
found in Khambhat taluka.
Page 22
February 2010
Overview of Existing Facilities in Project Area
Electricity Distribution System in Study Area

10. Electricity is delivered to consumers through 11kV feeders downstream of the 66 kV
substation. Each 11 kV feeder which emanates from the 66 kV substation branches
further into several subsidiary 11kV feeders to carry power close to the load points
(localities, villages, etc). At these load points, a distribution transformer (DTR)
further reduces the voltage from 11 kV to 415 V to provide the last-mile connection
through 415 V lines (also called as Low Tension or LT lines) to individual customers,
either at 240 V (as single-phase supply) or at 415 V (as three-phase supply).
11. All four feeders namely Siswa, Ashi, Bharoda & Khankuwa selected under the Ag
DSM project are supplied with power at 11 kV from 66 / 11 kV substations under
Anand sub division of MGVCL. All the four feeders are segregated agricultural
feeders with HVDS at most places, feeding power to mostly agriculture pumps under
the service areas. Table 1 below gives the feeder wise supply and loading details for
feeders considered in the Ag DSM project.
Page 23
February 2010
Table 1: Ag DSM Project Feeder Loading Details

Sr.
No.
Name of
Substation
Name of 11
kV Feeder
Maximum Load
Ampere
MVA
Connected
Load
(MVA)
LT to HT
Ratio
Total
Agricultural
Connections
Ras
Siswa
80
1.5
1.36
0.54
88
Borsad
Ashi
21
0.40
1.02
1.4
71
Ode
Bharoda
85
1.6
1.73
0.31
117
Umreth
Khankuwa
130
2.5
2.24
0.52
257
12. The Figure 4 & 5 below shows MGVCL existing LT electricity distribution structure.
MGVCL has implemented HVDS (figure 5) at most of the feeders namely Siswa,
Bharoda & Khankuwa and also at few plaves in Ashi. Older LT distribution network
has been replaced by High Voltage Distribution System (HVDS) to ensure minimum
technical losses as well as place restrictions on electricity theft. The HVDS structure
is provided in Figure 5 below. In HVDS, 11 kV line has been laid upto the consumer
point and replaces existing 63/75/100kVA transformers with smaller capacity 3-phase
DTRs serving smaller groups of agricultural consumers. This has resulted in reduction
of transmission and distribution losses. The HVDS scheme has also ensured complete
energy metering for the agriculture pump sets and will establish accurate savings post
pump replacement. HVDS will be completely implemented for Ashi as well.
13. In older LT distribution system, long LT lines were put in place that caused
significant line losses and voltage fluctuations. Table 1 above shows that for all the
feeders except Ashi feeder, LT to HT ratio is very low. Presently the voltage
measured at various pump sets varies from 390 V to 425 V. Low Voltage drop is
experienced at the end of the HVDS.
Figure 4: MGVCLs Existing LT Electricity Distribution Structure at some
places in Ashi feeder
14.
However, existing LT distribution network at most places has been replaced by High
Voltage Distribution System (HVDS) to ensure minimum technical losses as well as
place restrictions on electricity theft. The implemented HVDS structure is provided in
Page 24
February 2010

Figure 5 below. In HVDS, 11 kV line has been laid upto the consumer point and
replaced older 63/75/100kVA transformers with smaller capacity 3-phase DTRs
serving smaller groups of agricultural consumers. This has resulted in reduction of
transmission and distribution losses. The HVDS scheme has also ensured complete
energy metering for the agriculture pump sets and will establish accurate savings post
pump replacement.
Figure 5: MGVCLs Existing HVDS Electricity Distribution Structure at most of
the feeders
Agricultural Tariff and Subsidy in the Region

15. MGVCL agricultural consumers are categorised into LT agricultural consumers. The
LT agricultural consumers are further categorised into metered consumers and unmetered consumers. All LT metered consumers are levied energy charges for actual
metered consumption, whereas un-metered consumers are charged on connected HP
basis. The charge on HP basis is Rs. 160/BHP/month. Also, the consumption for
unmetered category is arrived at 1700 kWh/HP/ annum as per norm prescribed by the
Commission. The agriculture tariff for metered consumers is 50 paise / kWh of
consumption. Fixed charges are Rs. 10/BHP/month.
16. MGVCL tariff details for agricultural consumers as per tariff order for FY 2009 and
detailed tariff break up is provided in Table 2 below.
Page 25
February 2010
Table 2: Ag DSM Project Feeder Loading Details

Energy Charge
Fixed
Charge
Categories
Rs /
BHP /
Month
Energy
Charge
Additional
Charge
FAC
Charge
Total
Energy
Charge
Paise /
kWh
Paise /
kWh
Paise /
kWh
Paise /
kWh
50.00
0.00
0.00
50
Un-metered Tariff
160.00
For entire contracted load

Metered Tariff for lower HP pumps
Fixed Charge Rs. 150 for 7.5 HP, Rs. 300 for 10
HP and Rs. 600 for 30 HP
17. Most of the pump sets under the project are metered. Around 100 numbers ( 17% of
pump sets out of 587 (old list as per MGVCL) at the four feeders are un-metered and
have been charged on the basis of connected HP load whereas 487 pump sets are
installed with energy meters. Table 3 below indicates feeder wise metered and unmetered number of consumers.
But it was decided to prepare the business model considering the segregation of
metered (30%) and un-metered (70%) consumers for the entire state.
Table 3: Feeder wise segregation of metered and un-metered consumers
Feeder Name
Total
Agricultural
Connection
Metering
Status
Siswa
Ashi
Bharoda
Khankuw
a
Metered
88
58
109
232
487
Un-metered
30
18
52
100
Total
118
76
109
284
587
18. During the energy audit study it is observed that for few pumps consumers connected
HP is much either less or higher than the sanctioned HP which contributes to
commercial losses for MGVCL. These commercial losses however have been avoided
by installing energy meters and all agricultural consumers charged on the basis of
actual energy consumption.
19. Out of energy charge of 146 paise / kWh, state government is providing subsidy of
96 paise/ kWh for the connections and billed tariff is about 50 paise / kWh.
20. Electricity is very important for economic development of a district. All the villages
in the district are electrified. Details of status of electricity including demand for
Page 26
February 2010

power, number of domestic, agricultural and industrial connections are set out in
below Table 4.
Table 4: Status of Electricity Connections
Sr. No
1
2
3
4
5
6
Particulars
No. of Electrified Villages
Number of Pump sets/ tube well energized
Actual no. of domestic connections
Actual no. of Agriculture connections
Connections for Industrial, Commercial
Purposes
All Purpose
Nos.
350 (100%)
10694
308676
10594
44844
2668
Irrigation and water Sources in the Region
21. However, at the project feeders the major crop grown has been tobacco, banana,
wheat & rice.
22. The development of agricultural economy depends on availability of adequate
irrigation facilities to farmers. Tables below provide data on irrigation potential and
source wise irrigation in the district. It is clearly observed that 3 major and minor
irrigation schemes have created quite a considerable irrigation potential of 106400
Page 27
February 2010

hectares. Actual irrigation by different sources worked out of 197230 hectares in the
district. The major source of irrigation is government canals which account for 75800
hectares.
Table 5: Irrigation Potential in the District
Sr.
No
1
2
3
4
Name of Scheme
Mahi Stage I
Bhadar (P)
Varansi
Total
Ultimate Irrigation
Potential
100
4
2.4
106.4
Potential Created
up to March 06
100
3.5
0
103.5
Balance Irrigation
Potential
0
0.5
2.4
2.9
Table 6: Sources of Irrigation in the District

Sr.
No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Particulars
Govt. Canals
Tanks
Wells
Wells
(Electrified)
Tube Wells
Tube Wells
(Electrified)
River Lift
Others
Net Irrigated
Area
Gross Irrigated
Area
2006-07
2004-05
2005-06
75.8
0.81
33.54
-
75.8
0.81
33.54
-
75.8
0.81
33.54
-
197.23
197.23
197.23
197.23
197.23
197.23
Page 28
February 2010

Ground Water Scenario in The State And Project Feeder Region
Figure 6: Ground Water Categorization for State and Region
As can be noted from above map the ground water scenario in project feeder region
has been classified under safe zone.
Water Consumption and Conservation in Agriculture
23. In Anand district the total number of habitations including hamlets is 920. Out of this
the total number of villages are 358 and 562 are hamlets. Out of these, government
records indicate that 621 village/hamlet are fully covered by the regional water supply
schemes.
24. The Government of India has played a catalytic role in promotion of efficient
management of water through the use of modern methods of irrigation, leading to
coverage of around 1.6 million ha under micro irrigation.
25. Micro irrigation which allows application of water to root zone of the crops through
specially designed equipment known as emitters, has already been adopted by some
countries for transforming their agriculture. India introduced this technology on a
commercial scale in the eight plan. However, the coverage so far has been minuscule
in the face of the fact that almost 69 Million ha could be covered through this
improved system.
Page 29
February 2010

26. The recent drought again brings into sharp focus on the need for conserving our water
resources. A number of initiatives have already been taken to conserve land and water
resources.
27. States like Andhra Pradesh and Gujarat have made special attempts to polarize use of
micro irrigation among the farmers. It has resulted in large coverage of area in short
duration of time. Farmers from this area realized the benefits of micro irrigation. But
these efforts have to be intensified in all other states.
28. More specific to the project area which covers 36 villages of Anand sub division, data
with regards to different irrigation sources such as open wells, bore wells and open
water sources (rivers and lakes) is provided in Table 7.
Table 7: Irrigation source wise number of pump sets installed for different feeders
Pump Location
Pump Type
Feeder Name
Ashi
MonoBlock
Submersible
Borewell
Vertical Turbine
Pump
Total
62
3
65
Khankuwa
Siswa
23
26
93
192
81
428
13
21
108
217
85
475
MonoBlock
Submersible
Open Well
Vertical Turbine
Pump
Total
2
6
% Share
89.1
15
15
4
Total
Bharoda
24
40
38
100
38
5
58
10.9
41
7.7
216
84
466
87.4
15
26
4.9
117
257
88
533
22.0
48.2
16.5
100.0
MonoBlock
Submersible
Open water
source/canal
Vertical Turbine
Pump
Total
MonoBlock
Total
Submersible
Vertical Turbine
Pump
Grand Total
% Share
66
5
71
13.3
Page 30
February 2010
100.0
29. As indicated in above Table, almost 11 % of pump sets are fed from open wells,
89
% pump sets are fed from bore wells. Most of the pump sets fed from open well
sources are installed on Khankuwa feeder.
Site Based Data Collection and Analysis
Characteristics of the Project Feeder Lines
30. The four feeders selected for implementation of the project are segregated agricultural
feeders supplying power to around 36 villages. The consumers at the four feeders are
almost all agriculture pump sets with an extremely small portion of household
consumers that have been living on the farms. Feeder wise number of agricultural
consumers, distribution transformers and number of irrigation pump set connections
for various villages are provided in Table 8.
Table 8: Villages served by MGVCLs project feeder lines
Sr. No
No. of IP Set
Connections
Revenue Village
Feeder Name
Siswa
Siswa
Kathol
13
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
Umlav
Sarol
Gajana
Ras
Valvod
Ashi
Surkuwa
Dhundakuwa
Dhobikui
Dedarda
Napa
Borsad Town
Bhatiel
Dantali
Sureli
Bechari
Ode Town
Bharoda
Bhalej
Untkhari
Thamna
Dagjipura
Sardarpura
Sanali
Khankuwa
Ghora
Lingada
17
49
21
10
2
16
12
2
9
6
21
6
2
2
10
5
51
43
23
2
4
26
11
1
36
45
48
Ashi
Bharoda
Khankuwa
Page 31
February 2010

30
31
32
33
34
35
36
Total
Pansora
Vansol
Ratanpura
Ashipura
Kanbhaipura
Parvata
Gangapura
28
5
7
12
3
28
5
587
31. The project feeder lines are characterized by low voltage variations, good average
voltage levels to the tune of 410 V and very low loss levels. Feeder wise AT&C
losses are provided in Table 9.
Table 9: Feeder wise AT&C losses
Supply
hrs.
FY 08 Annual
Consumption
(MU)
Technical
losses
Siswa
241
2.296
13.1 %
Borsad
Ashi
240
2.145
13.79%
16.29%
Ode
Bhorade
241
3.289
5.96%
26.09%
Umreth
Khankuwa
241
3.440
11.3%
3.31%
Average
10.35%
16.19%
Sr.
No
Substation
Name
Feeder
Name
Ras
Weighted average
AT & C
Losses
19.08%
15.75%
32. During the audit study it is observed that due to good voltage profile motor burning
rate due to voltage related issues is very low in the region. Due to implementation of
HVDS for electricity distribution, appropriate voltage profile could be maintained at
the consumer end and thereby motor burning rates have been minimised to negligible.
In addition HVDS implementation has also helped to lower the distribution loss levels
to technically minimum and lay restrictions on electricity theft.
Power Supply & Consumption of the Project Feeder Lines
Supply availability and hourly demand variation
33. The hourly demand data for the project feeder lines from April 08 to March 09
(Available on MGVCL website) is analysed to study the electricity availability hours.
It is observed that the availability of supply for different feeders is in the block of 8
hours and for different periods of time in a day. In addition for each feeder, time block
for supply availability shifts for different periods of time in rotation.
34. Monthly and annual hours of supply availability for each feeder line of the project are
provided in Table 10. As indicated in Table 10, annual power supply hours for
different feeders is around 33% of total annual hours.
Page 32
February 2010
Table 10: Feeder wise monthly supply availability hours for FY 08-09
Sr. no.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Month
2008 - 09
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
January
February
March
Average
Total
% of annual
Siswa
234
252
236
239
250
240
245
238
248
245
223
247
241
2897
33.07%
Feeder name
Ashi
Bharoda
235
231.9
244.5
251.5
230
236
234
237
253
251
240
240
244
246
234
239
247
247
251
245
217
224
246
247
240
2876
32.83%
Khankuwa
233.85
252
233
239
250
240
245
238
249
245
223
247
241
2895
33.05%
241
2895
33.05%
35. However, hourly demand for all the feeders is continuously varying throughout the
day. These variations are mainly due to different number of pumps operating under
different hours.
Sub division electrical consumption and seasonal demand variation
36. Feeder wise sales and collection efficiency for the four feeders for last 3 years is
provided in Table 11. The average collection efficiency for the four feeders is about
97.5%.
Table 11: Units Sold, Billed Amount, Collected Amount from consumers, State Subsidy,
ARR requirement and Share of Agriculture Revenue
April 06 to March 07
Feeder
Name
Parameter
Units Sold (kWh)

Siswa
Ashi
Billed Amount (Rs.

Lakhs)
Collected Amount
(Rs Lakhs)
Units Sold (kWh)
Billed Amount (Rs.
Lakhs)
April 07 to March
08
Unmeter
Metered
ed
Consume
Consum
rs
ers
Metered
Consum
ers
Unmetere
d
Consumer
s
1209290
967016
1588969
7.480
4.619
7.570
Metered
Consume
rs
Unmetered
Consumers
971975
1963161
936547
9.769
4.608
11.671
4.565
4.372
9.722
4.630
11.149
4.675
1240023
1045500
1368454
1014900
1232564
683400
8.607
4.997
8.746
4.995
7.470
3.484
Page 33
February 2010

Collected Amount
(Rs Lakhs)
8.223
5.297
8.753
5.036
7.514
4.004
Units Sold (kWh)
763058
27271
1100521
16292
1386321
4.798
0.144
6.693
0.063
8.233
0.000
4.464
0.138
6.656
0.060
8.301
0.000
1167568
673625
1455994
797572
2099699
799000
7.769
2.897
10.168
3.550
13.493
3.534
7.495
3.079
10.100
3.480
12.574
3.524
Billed Amount (Rs.

Lakhs)
Collected Amount
(Rs Lakhs)
Bharoda
Units Sold (kWh)

Billed Amount (Rs.
Lakhs)
Collected Amount
(Rs Lakhs)
Khanku
wa
Share of State Subsidy

MGVCL Agricultural
Sales (Million Units)
Agricultural subsidy
Amount to be received
From State Government
(Rs Crs)
Agricultural subsidy
Amount Actually
Received From State
Government (Rs Crs)
Metered
Consumers
Unmetered
Consumers
Metered
Consumers
Unmetered
Consumers
Metered
Consumers
Unmetered
Consumers
245.39
477.68
264.76
474.63
284.0
477.0
29.8
58.0
27.50
49.30
27.2
45.7
29.8
58.0
27.50
49.30
27.2
45.7
ARR requirement and Share of Agriculture Revenue

Sr. no.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
6.
Particulars
Total agriculture units sold
Total revenue realised from sales of agriculture
units sold
Total state subsidy realised
Total agriculture sales value
Average realised Agriculture tariff
Total revenue of MGVCL units sold, as per MYT
order
Share of agriculture sales to overall sales value
ARR approved
Share of agriculture sales to ARR approved
For the year 2008 - 09

761 MU
Rs. 761 x 0.50 = 38 Cr
761 MU x 0.96 = 73 Cr
Rs. 111 Cr
Rs. 1.46/kWh
Rs. 1996.5 Cr
5.55 %
Rs. 2231.57 Cr
4.97% say 5%
37. Table 11 indicates that 761 MU i.e. around 11.5 % of total sales is attributable to all
the agricultural consumers of MGVCL. The billed amount collected for the four
feeders is about Rs. 51.7 lakhs for the year 08 09 which is Rs. 0.50/kWh. The state
Page 34
February 2010

subsidy received is about Rs. 0.96/kWh. Thus, the overall recovery is about Rs.
1.46/kWh for the agriculture units supplied. The overall share of agriculture sales
revenue to overall sales is about 5.55%. The collection efficiency for agricultural
consumers on the four feeders is a healthy 97.5 %.
Land Use Pattern and Cultivation Scenario in the region
38. Anand district land usage pattern is provided in Table 13. Physical features and land
use pattern of the district indicates that agriculture is the main activity of the district.
Anand covers a total area of 2951 sq. km. It is 20th largest district in terms of
geographical area in the state.The total agricultural area is 500 sq. km, that is, 17
% of the total area of the district. The overall industrial and IT park area is about 6 sq.
km. The major crops in the district are banana, tobacco, papaya, potato, mango,
goosebery, onion & cabagge. Cereal, pulses and cotton are also widely grown in the
region.
Figure 7: Total Area Vs Production of Food Crops
Page 35
February 2010
Table 12: Anand District Land Usage pattern

Area under usage
Parameter
Agricultural area
Sq km
2910.4
88.2%
Cultivable not in use
241.1
7.3%
Non agricultural
1.2
0.0%
Grasslands and herbs
92.6
2.8%
Forest Cover
55.0
1.7%
3300.3
100%
Total
39. The total forest area in Anand district is about 55 sq. km. Out of the total forests, 19
sq. km., was protected and 36 Sq. KM. was open forest area.
40. Among the districts of the Gujarat State, Anand district is considered as the least
drought prone district.
41. The prospect of agriculture is very much linked with timely and adequate occurrence
of rainfall. The land use pattern showed that of the total geographical area nearly 17%
area was brought under cultivation. Thus, district has relatively lower proportion of
the net sown area as compared to the State (52%).
Socio Economic Profile of the Region
42. According to census 2001, Anand district has a total population of 18.57 lakhs. The
total number of households being 360808, the average family size work out to 5.17,
sex wise data shows that the proportion of males in the total population is 52.35 while
that of females is 47.65. The resultant sex ratio works out to 910 females per 1000
males. Table below presents all these data and also shows that the proportion of
literates to total population is 64.27 per cent in the district. The total working
population of male in the district is 535444 which constitutes of 55.1 per cent of
males and 28.2 per cent females population. It is interesting to note that females
workers are quite significant in this district. Female workers are found to be greater in
case of rural agricultural area. The number of Nonworkers is also greater in case of
females when compared with males. The highest percentage of work force is found in
the agricultural sector followed by agricultural labourers. The lowest number of
workers is found in HHIs.
Table 13: Anand District Population Scenario
Sr. no.
1.
2.
2a.
2b.
3.
Item
Number of households
Population (Total)
Males
Females
Population Density
Numbers
360808
18,56,872
972000
884872
631
Page 36
February 2010

4.
5.
5a.
5b
6.
6a.
6b.
7.
7a.
7b.
Sex Ratio
Literacy (Total)
Males
Females
Literacy (Rural)
Males
Females
Literacy (Urban)
Males
Females
910
1193404 (64.27)
717909 (73.85)
475495 (53.74)
825519 (61.20)
510031 (72.17)
315488 (49.12)
367885 (72.42)
207878 (78.35)
160007 (65.94)
43. The major components covered in economic profile of Anand district are (a) cropping
pattern, (b) crop calendar, (c) crop wise irrigated area, (d) animal husbandry and
fisheries, (e) fishery resources, (f) mineral production, (g) forest resources, (h) rural
industries and (i) small scale industries. All these have been briefly detailed here
below.
Cropping pattern
44. The cropping pattern of the district is shown in below table.The cropping pattern in
Anand district is sought to be analyzed with the help of available data shown in table
below. According to the table the principal crops grown in the district are Bajra and
rice among cereals crops, castor seeds (0.77 %) and sesamum (0.35 %) among
oilseeds and tobacco among cash crops. There is also significant area under fruits,
vegetables etc. It is encouraging to find from the data in below Table that 63.48% of
the gross cropped area in the district is irrigated.
Table 14: Anand District Cropping Pattern
Cropping pattern of the District
(2006-07
Sr. No.
1
Item
No. of operational holdings
2
3
4
Gross cropped area

Gross irrigated area
Bajra
Rice
Area (ha)
140015
310652
197226
53406
91344
% GCA
100
63.48
16.9
29.05
Wheat
39208
12.52
Total cereals
183958
58.47
Gram
2650
0.85
Tur
1044
0.34
10
Pulses
1000
0.32
11
Total pulses
4694
1.51
188652
61.49
7300
2.24
12
13
Total food grains

Total oil seeds
Page 37
February 2010

14
Cotton
3700
1.19
15
Tobacco
40000
12.52
16
Fruits
12000
3.86
Vegetables
25000
7.79
Fodder crops
24000
7.72
17
18
Crop Calendar
45. Timing of showing and harvesting different major crops grown in the district viz.
Rice, Bajra, and Wheat among cereals and Rabi crops of Wheat, Gram, Tur and Gram
and cash crop like cotton are shown in Table below. June and July are the months for
sowing of Kharif crops, while October and November witness sowing of Rabi crops.
These crops are generally harvested in October and Rabi in March.
Table 15: Anand District Cropping Calendar
Sr. No.
Crop Calendar
Crop
Month of
sowing
Jun
Feb
Jun
-
Month of
harvesting
1
2
3
4
Rice (kharif)
Rice (summer)
Jowar (kharif)
Groundnut (kharif)
Sugarcane
Cotton
June
Jan
Wheat
Nov
March
Bajra
June
Sep
Tur
June
Feb
Gram
Nov
Feb
Castor
Aug
March
12
Til
June
Sep
13
Other important crop
Tobacco - Aug
March
10
11
Oct
May
Oct
-
Crop wise irrigated area

46. The district has gross irrigated area of 2.07 lakh hectares. Wheat and Rice account for
the largest area under irrigation 18.89 per cent and 43.07 per cent respectively. The
irrigation facility has encouraged a number of non-food crops and a variety of
vegetable crops in the district.
Page 38
February 2010

Table 16: Area under Irrigated Crops
Sr. No.
Area under Irrigated Crops

Area (ha)
39208
89344
0
700
1500
1
2
3
Crop
Wheat
Rice
Sugarcane
Spices
Other food crops
Cotton
3700
1.78
Fodder
11000
5.31
Other non food crops
40000
19.28
Other important crops for dist.
22000
10.60
Gross area under Irrigation
207452
100.00
10
%
18.89
43.07
0
0.34
0.73
Animal husbandry and fisheries

47. Livestock rearing is an important subsidiary occupation in this Anand district. Table
below shows that there were in the district over 21 lakh buffaloes and over 5 lakh
cows according to the data furnished by Directorate of Animal Husbandry, District
Census of Livestock & Poultry, Gandhinagar. Sizeable population of goat, sheep and
poultry is evident from these data. The total estimated milk production in the district
was nearly 3.25 lakh tones. Production of eggs was estimated at 2560 Lac no. and that
of meat at around 35 thousand tones.
Table 17: Livestock and other occupations
Sr. No.
1
2
3
4
Item
Cross bred cows
Indigenous cows
Buffalo
Goat
Number
2.4 lakh
5.4
21.6
4.2
Sheep
1.6
Poultry
195.4
Others
47
Estimated Milk production
325
Estimated Egg production
2560
10
Estimated Wool production
0.0175
11
Estimated Meat production
3.5
12
Estimated Silk production
000 ton
Page 39
February 2010

Harvesting Cycles and Cropping Pattern of Project Feeder Areas
48. There are two main agricultural seasons (Harvesting Cycles) in the district, viz.,
Kharif and Rabi. The Kharif season commences from the first week of June, i.e., from
the first day of the Mrug Nakshatra and continues up to November-December. The
main crops grown in the Kharif season are cotton, tobacco, banana, rice, harabhara,
pulses, oil seeds & vegetables etc. For Rabi season the land is ploughed in the months
of October-November. The main crops grown in the Rabi season are wheat, tobacco,
harabhara, vegetables, pulses and some oil seeds.
49. Besides the kharif and rabi crops, hot-weather crops are also grown in the district.
These crops are taken immediately after the harvest of rabi crops. The crops like bajra
& pulses and some vegetables etc., are sown in the months of March-April as hotweather crops.
50. Generally, farmers in these villages grow two crops in a year. Some farmers grow
three crops and very few are limited to one crop only. With development of major
irrigation schemes and canals farmers in the region will improve area under
cultivation. Region receives most of the annual rainfall through the south-west
monsoon and most of the areas are cropped during this season. Figure below shows
the cropping pattern across the regions based on harvesting cycles.
Figure 8: Cropping Pattern Across the region based on harvesting cycles
Share of Major Crops in the Region
Chilley/Capcicu
m
2%
Rice
5%
Wheat
5%
Harabhara
1% Others
2%
Tobacco
Banana
Wheat
Rice
Banana
9%
Chilley/Capcicum
Harabhara
Others
Tobacco
76%
Page 40
February 2010
51. On an overall basis, the farmers in the Anand feeder region have tobacco and banana
as the base crops with Jowar, rice, wheat and vegetables as alternative crops. Based
on data collected during the audit study the detailed cropping pattern indicating area
under different crops for project feeder lines is provided in Table 18 below.
Table 18: Feeder wise cropping pattern for study area
Sr.No.
1
2
3
4
Feeder Name
Ashi
Siswa
Bharoda
Khankuwa
Tobacco
1449.3
1290.5
2205.9
1873.2
Banana
78.3
13.2
630.9
90
Wheat
8.4
190.8
7.8
273.3
Rice
63.3
166.2
0
175.8
Chilley
/Capcicum
5.4
12
143.4
3
Harbhara
6.6
43.2
3.6
3.9
Others
26
25.2
18
70.8
Total
1637.3
1741.1
3009.6
2490
TOTAL
Cropping
Period (Days)
One Time
Irrigation
Water
Requirement
(mm)
6818.9
812.4
480.3
405.3
163.8
57.3
140
8878
180
365
135
140
90
400 600
1200 2200
450 650
900
2500
500
0.40%
2.48%
0.12%
0.16%
0.65%
1.59%
1.45%
0.60%
2.84%
1.58%
Feeder %
share
1
2
3
4
Ashi
Siswa
Bharoda
Khankuwa
88.52%
74.12%
73.30%
75.23%
76.81%
4.78%
0.76%
20.96%
3.61%
9.15%
0.51%
10.96%
0.26%
10.98%
5.41%
3.87%
9.55%
0.00%
7.06%
4.57%
0.33%
0.69%
4.76%
0.12%
1.85%
Page 41
February 2010
52. As shown in above, area under crops like tobacco & banana is maximum with 94 %
for Ashi and Bharoda and 75 78% for Siswa & Khankuwa. Banana is grown
maximum in Bharoda feeder reion. Wheat and rice are grown widely in Siswa and
Khankuwa region.
53. Since the Bharoda and Ashi fedders are dominated by cash crops most of the farmers
in this area belong to high income group whereas for Siswa and Khankuwa feeder
project area most of the farmers belong to medium - rich income groups.
Forest resources
54. Forest is an important natural resources contributing to generation of income and

employment to working population in an economy. In Anand district tropical dry
deciduous protected forest area is 422.35 thousand hectares.
Land Holding
55. The land holding pattern in the district is presented below. As can be seen from the
data the majority are marginal and small land holders. The farming is predominantly
peasant farming in the region.
Table 19: Operational Holdings in the District
Sr.
No.
1
2
3
4
5
Land Holding Size

Marginal (< 1 ha)
Small (1 2 ha)
Medium (2 4 ha)
Semi medium (4 10 ha)
Large (> 10 ha)
Total
Number of
Holdings
78387
30449
13000
12000
% of Total
55.98
21.75
9.28
8.57
6179
4.41
140015
100.00
56. Analysis of site based data collection for project boundary with regards to land under
cultivation fed by different irrigation sources is provided in Table 20 below,
Page 42
February 2010

Table 20: Area under cultivation fed by different irrigation sources in project boundary
Area Irrigated by different irrigation sources, nos & ( Acres )
Feeder
Name
Siswa
Ashi
Bharoda
Khankuwa
Total
Open Well nos & (Acre)

3 (80)
6 (305)
10 (475)
40 (850)
59 (1710)
Bore well nos & (Acre)

85 (2780)
65 (2500)
107 (4620)
217 (3350)
474 (13250)
57. As shown in Table above majority of the cultivated area under the project feeders i.e.
about 89% of total cultivation area is irrigated through borewell installed agricultural
pumps, 11% of total cultivation area is irrigated by well mounted agricultural pumps.
58. Thus around 89 % of total cultivated land of the project is fed from ground water
sources available in the region. This makes it critical from the Ag DSM project
sustainability point of view to study and analyse the cropping pattern and ground
water level variation in the region.
Water Consumption Pattern
59. The water requirement for growing the crops depends on the porosity and
permeability of the soil as well as crop type. The soils of the rain fed area are found
to have moderate to high porosity as it contains coarse - grained materials.
60. Water consumption pattern for the project area is analysed based on area under
different major crops, cropping period and irrigation requirement. All these
parameters are provided in Table 22 below. The major crops in the region are
Tobacco, Banana, Wheat, Rice and vagetables. The grey brown soil of Anand dist.
coupled with the sandy nature of soil is good for tobacco production.
Table 21: Parameters affecting the water consumption
Sr.
No.
1
2
3
4
Feeder Name
Harbhara
Others
63.3
166.2
0
175.8
5.4
12
143.4
3
6.6
43.2
3.6
3.9
26
25.2
18
70.8
1637.3
1741.1
3009.6
2490
405.3
163.8
57.3
140
8878
Banana
Ashi
Siswa
Bharoda
Khankuwa
1449.3
1290.5
2205.9
1873.2
78.3
13.2
630.9
90
8.4
190.8
7.8
273.3
TOTAL
Cropping Period
(Days)
One Time
Irrigation Water
Requirement
(mm)
6818.9
812.4
480.3
180
365
135
140
90
90
400 600
1200 2200
450 - 650
900 2500
500
500
Wheat
Chilley/
Capcicum
Tobacco
Rice
Page 43
February 2010
Total
61. As indicated in Table 22, cropping period as well as one time irrigation requirement is
very high for rice and banana. Since most of the banana plantation is in Bharoda,
water consumption is higher in this region. Bharoda feeder also enjoys maximum no.
of drip irrigation systems. On the other hand other feeders have tobacco and other
crops with lower cropping period and lesser one time irrigation requirement, hence
water consumption in these areas is lower. Khankuwa water demand is maximum due
to higher no. of connected pumps.
Average Rainfall and Watersheds in the Region
62. The Regional water supply in Anand district is mainly managed by three sources
namely Vank Talav Regional water supply scheme, Gorad Regional water supply
scheme and Milrampura Regional water supply scheme. Vank Talav Regional water
supply scheme comes under the Tarapur Taluka, from where water is treated in the
water treatment plant and then supplied to different villages. From Vank Talav
Regional water supply scheme a total of 18 villages get water in the areas. The Gorad
Regional water supply scheme come under Tarapur Taluka , from this water supply
scheme a total of 20 villages get supply water. The Milrampura Regional water supply
scheme, operating for the past 30 years , covers the Khambhat and Tarapur Taluka.
Water is supplied to the different part of Khambhat and Tarapur Taluka. Regional
water supply scheme. Milrampura Regional supply water provides there services from
the last 30 years. About, 301 villages are covered with the individual water supply
supported by regional water supply. A total no of 164 village is covered by hand
pumps, and only 25 village is covered with simple well. Out of 8 Taluka of Anand
district 287 villages including 164 villages is covered by the hand pumps till 2002
(data provided by the GWSSB Anand). A total no of 1852 hand pumps was installed
by the GWSSB in these villages, with an average of 6 hand pumps in each village and
hamlet.
63. Groundwater recharge occurs in different ways: from rainfall during the monsoon,
from ponds and tanks throughout the year, from canals, and from irrigation return
flow. The recharge to deeper aquifers occurs from vertical seepage minimally and
from recharge zones located close to the outcrop areas of the eastern region of the
aquifer. From studies performed on the Nadiad branch canal the seepage loss from
this branch was estimated as 0.492 m2 / day/m of canal length to give a net annual
seepage of 2.4 x 106 m3 per year (Rastogi and Prasad, 1992). The total canal recharge
into the aquifers is estimated as 37.24 MCM/year (CGWB, 1995). The total recharge
from all sources is estimated as 920.97 MCM/year and the levels of abstraction
indicate a level of 84.63% of groundwater development.
64. Climate of this district is characterized by a hot summer and dryness in the non rainy
seasons. The year may be divided into four seasons. The cold season from December
to February is followed by the hot season from March to May. The south west
monsoon season is from June to September while the months of October and
November form post monsoon season.
Page 44
February 2010

65. The district rainfall data in mm (arithmatic averages of rainfall of stations under the
district) as provided by Office of the Dist. Development Office Agriculture Dept. in
Table 22.
Table 222: District Rainfall in mm for last five years
Rainfall detail in mm
Taluka
Project Feeders
Year
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009 (up to October)
Umreth
Taluka,
Bharoda ,
Khankuwa
Mm
650
1259
919
623
440
198
681.5
Borsad
Taluka
Siswa &
Ashi
729
1733
1049
777
737
336
893.5
66. The average annual rainfall in the district is about 780 mm. The rainfall in the district
varies from 200 mm to 1500 mm. Some rainfall in the form of thunder-showers
occurs during the months of April and May. The rainfall during the south-west
monsoon in the months of June to September amounts to about 80% of the annual
rainfall. September is the rainiest month. About 12% of the normal annual rainfall in
the district is received in the post-monsoon months of October and November. The
variation in the annual rainfall from year to year is large.
67. There are 40 rainy days (with >2.5 mm rainfall) at Anand district. The rainfall during
early kharif season is uncertain and is coupled with prolonged dry spells extending
from 2 weeks to about 13 weeks at a stretch. September rains are more sure with high
intensity (>5 cm/hr).
68. In addition to average rainfall, watersheds in the region are also studied. The
watersheds are natural hydrological entities that cover a specific aerial expanse of
land surface from which the rainfall runoff flows to a defined drain, channel, stream
or river at any particular point.
Page 45
February 2010
Figure 9: Irrigation Water Source in the Region
Water Level Variation in the Region

69. Compared to early years, ground water levels within the city area have increased due
to decreasing ground water abstraction due to higher reliance on surface water.
However, outside the main city limits, there is a general decline in ground water
levels due to increased utilization for irrigation.
70. As discussed with farmers, the water level declines in the summer seasons whereas
post monsoon water level moves up. For most of the feeders the water level variation
is in the range of 20 ft.
Page 46
February 2010
A3:
PUMP SET PERFORMANCE EVALUATION & COST BENEFIT

ANALYSIS
Field Study Objectives and Overview

1. The following objectives were set to evaluate the efficiency of the 533 pump sets
connected at the four project feeder lines in Anand sub division
Performance evaluation and approach to improve efficiency of these pump sets

Recommendation for pump efficiency improvements and cost benefit analysis
2. Detailed field study is undertaken to collect various parameters associated with 533
pump sets connected on four project feeder lines. Field studies were undertaken by
3 teams consisting of 4 personnel each. Each team was equipped with a set of power
measuring instruments, flow measuring meter, stop watch, calibrated drum,
measuring tape, GPS instrument etc.
3. All the three team members are familiarised with the procedures to be followed at site
during the measurements and provided with a standard data collection sheet attached
as an Appendix I. A senior engineer monitored all the teams and scheduling of
measurement and activities in co-ordination with MGVCL personnel and local
support.
4. The entire team was stationed at site for a period of 2 months for completing all
measurements including verification and correction of abnormal results.
5. The field studies involved noting all pump set details and other data as per standard
data collection sheet. The farmers were also interviewed for basic data like acreage of
the farm, age of pump, R & M undertaken, normal pumping hours, seasonal variation
in pumping, water table, cropping pattern etc. The pump sets were started and allowed
to stabilise for few minutes before commencing flow and power measurements. The
team co-ordinated the flow and power measurements.
Approach and Methodology

Overall Approach
6. The conventional method of evaluating pump set efficiency is by taking sample
measurements of water flow, electrical power consumption, total head comprised of
suction and discharge head and the pipe dimensions along with number of elbows and
bends etc. The overall approach in evaluating the pump performance is indicated in
flow diagram provided in Figure11 below,
Page 47

Figure 10: Overall approach for pump performance evaluation
Standard Data Standard data collection sheet was prepared and finalised prior to the
Collection Sheet commencement of the study to be filled-in at site.
Pump
Specifications
All pump specifications and observations were documented and

entered in the data sheet.
Location for each pump was recorded with the help of GPRS
navigational tool carried by site personnel during the study
Measurements
Motor input power consumption by power analyser, discharge

measurement by volumetric flow method
The suction length of open well water table was measured by
measuring tape whereas for bore well the water table depth was
recorded from farmers data and also verified from boring agency in
the region
The discharge length of all piping was measured and also verified
from farmers data at site
Pipe inner diameter was measured at the suction and discharge end
with the help of measuring tape
Measurement
Precautions
Pump was started and flow allowed to stabilize for few minutes. The
readings were verified two to three times to minimise errors.
Minor leakages at few places were recorded. However, leakage rates
were very small and overall impact on flow was found negligible.
Stakeholder
Consultation
Power consumed by the pump was simultaneously measured during

all measurements with the help of a clamp on energy meter to
measure and record kWh, KVA, current, voltage, power factor,
frequency etc.
The pump curves were collected for few makes and efficiency
values compared at different water levels.
Energy efficient pumps are selected with help of pump manufacturers
Measurement and Technical Analysis

7. Pump performance has been evaluated by undertaking water flow measurements,
power consumption measurements and head & loss estimation in pipe lengths.
8. Water discharge measurement was attempted by using ultrasonic flow meter. Water
discharge measurement was also attempted by means of a standardised water flow
meter installed on a distance piece. However due to site constraints it was not possible
to meter and hence measurement has been carried out by volumetric flow method. A
portable power analyzer has been used for electrical parameter measurements.
Page 48
February 2010

Water flow measurement by ultrasonic meter
9. The ultrasonic flow meter is a non contact type online flow meter, having two sensors
which are to be mounted on the pipe periphery as per the mounting method and pipe
diameter.
10. The upstream side sensor transmits signal which is received by down stream side
sensor. The signal is converted in to velocity and based on pipe diameter; the velocity
is converted into flow. The instantaneous velocity and flow measurements were
carried out and cumulative flow recorded.
Water flow measurement by volumetric flow method
11. During initial field visits at various agricultural pumps, it was observed that most of
the water pipelines are of PVC and flexible, where ultrasonic flow meter cant be
used. Also, many drip irrigation systems were operative which made volumetric
method the only possible means to determine flow. Hence, water flow has been
collected in a barrel of known volume of 230 litres and time required in seconds to fill
up the barrel has been measured.
12. The water flow can be calculated with help of following formula,
Water Flow (m3/hr) =
Volume of Barrel, m3 x 3600

Time in Sec.
Actual head measurement

13. Since water pipelines are PVC & flexible, there is no provision for pressure gage /
head measurement. Hence, head estimation by suction & discharge pressure
measurement was not feasible.
14. For open well, water level below ground level is measured with measuring tape
whereas for bore wells depth of water levels is noted based on farmers input and same
has been verified from local boring agencies. Height of discharge from ground level
and length & diameter of pipe were measured. All these constitute to actual pump
head including losses.
Frictional / Pressure losses in pipes
15. Whenever water flows in a pipe, there will be some loss of pressure due to following
factors:
16. Friction: This is affected by the roughness of the inside surface of the pipe, the pipe
diameter, and the physical properties of the fluid.
17. Changes in size and shape or direction of flow.
Page 49
February 2010

18. Obstructions: For normal cylindrical straight pipes, the major cause of pressure loss
will be due to friction. Pressure loss in a fitting or valve is greater than a straight pipe.
When fluid flows in a straight pipe, the flow pattern will be the same through out the
pipe. Valve or fitting, changes the flow pattern. This causes extra pressure drops.
Pressure drop has been measured as per the following Darcy Weichbach equation.
Hf =
4 f L V 2
2 g d
Where,
L
V
g
d
Hf
f
= Length (m)
= Flow velocity (m/s)
= Gravitational constant (9.81 m/s)
= Pipe inside diameter (m)
= Head loss to friction (m)
= Friction factor (dimensionless)
Electrical Power Measurements

19. The electric parameters like current, voltage, power factor and active power for
agriculture pumps were measured by online single CT portable power analyzer. The
power meter being used is Nanovip Elcontrol make.
Pump set efficiency calculation
20. The pump set efficiency has been calculated with the help of following formula,
Efficiency, % =
(Flow, m/hr x Head, m. x 9.81 x sp. gr., kg/m)

(3600 x Motor Input Power, kW )
Where,
Head
= (Net Static Head + Velocity Head at Suction & Discharge

Friction losses due to fittings & length), (m)
Sp. gr.
= Specific gravity of water, kg/m
Efficiency = includes efficiency of pump set i.e. pump + motor
Pump Set Efficiency Performance Evaluation

Feeder Details
21. The four feeders selected for the study are Siswa, Ashi, Bharoda and Khankuwa. The
feeder length, average hours of supply, avg. load, and no. of pumps on respective
Page 50
February 2010

feeders are provided in Table 23. On an average power has been available for around
8 hrs per day for each feeder.
Table 23: Parameters indicating feeder details
Sr
No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Parameter
Substation Name
Voltage, kV
Motor operated pump set, numbers
Feeder level Energy Meter
Average supply hrs / day, for 2008
Average supply hrs / month, for 2008
Average load for an hour, MW
Siswa
Ashi
Bharoda
Khankuwa
Ras
11/66
88
Available
8
241
0.79
Borsad
11/66
71
Available
8
240
0.74
Ode
11/66
117
Available
8
241
1.14
Umreth
11/66
257
Available
8
241
1.19
Pump set Details and observations

22. Agriculture is the main source of income and livelihood for the farmers of Anand sub
division. Bore wells are the primary source of water for farming in this region
followed by open wells. Well water is pumped basically by electrically operated
pump sets of either monoblock or submersible types. Water from bore wells is
pumped by submersible pump sets. The capacity range of well water and submersible
pump sets is 3 HP to 20 HP with a few handful of pumps of capacity greater than 20
HP.
23. Power for operating the pump sets is supplied by MGVCL at supply voltage of 415 V.
The four feeders being studied under the project are necessarily agriculture feeders
and as such the power consumed under the same are for water pumps in the region.
However, fraction of the power is also consumed by farmers living in the fields and
connected on agricultural separated feeders.
24. With reference to Table 7, out off the 533 pumps under study, 58 (11%) are open well
mounted pumps and balance 474 (89%) are bore well pumps. Of the total water
pumps operating, around 40 pumps (7.5%) are of monoblock type, 466 (87.5%) are
submersible type and balance 26 (5 %) are vertical turbine types.
25. The major pump makes are M/s Sarvodaya, M/s KSB, M/s Lubi, M/s Laxmi, M/s
Kirloskar, M/s Shakti M/s CRI, M/s Jyothi, and a host of several other companies. Of
these, a major share is of locally assembled pumps. The name plate details of such
pumps were not available.
26. The existing pump specifications from the name plate details available for the pump
sets were noted and provided in the pump performance evaluation sheet attached as an
Appendix II. The year of pump set installation, causes and number of motor rewinds,
any complete replacement done, overhauling frequency, maintenance costs etc,
discussed with farmers and recorded as per standard data collection sheet (Appendix
I).
Page 51
February 2010

27. In addition methodology of pump set selection adopted by the farmers namely criteria
of varying water suction levels, stretched supply distance, pipe diameter and material,
suitability to operate at low voltages, choice of several makes in the market, etc, has
also been discussed with the farmers and recorded.
28. During field study, it is observed that most of the agricultural pump sets are in the
range between 7.5 HP to 20 HP.
29. Major observations during the site study are listed below,
Centrifugal pumps are commonly used for both surface mounted as well as
submersible pump sets.
Monoblock pump sets are installed at wells whereas submersible pump sets are
installed in wells as well as bore wells. In case of submersible pumps, accurate
head measurement was not possible.
Flexible P.V.C. pipes were commonly used for both suction and delivery sides.
It is found difficult to note down the specifications of few existing pump-sets, as

the same were installed inside the wells.
Most of the pump motors (60-70%) have been rewound a number of times.
Good voltage levels at consumer end is observed for all feeder lines.
No capacitors were found connected to agricultural pumps.
Even though the power availability is for 8 hours, intermittent power failures are
observed frequently.
Service wires and fuse protections are not appropriate size for several pump sets
which has lead to frequent burning of the pump set motors.
Most of the pump sets and distribution boxes are provided without earthing.
A small part of the region is prone to low water tables and few of the pump set
sites are observed without water or with very low water at suction because of
which pumps tend to suck silt along with water affecting the efficiency.
30. Pumps operated at site in auto mode: The major reasons for pump set failure and
lower discharge output was erratic power supply and continuous fall in water levels
leading to incorrect selection with respect to head. Due to huge gap in the demand
supply situation of the state power grid, the agriculture feeders are faced with severe
load shedding. Thus, whenever power is available most of the pump sets (25%) are
automatically switched ON to supply water for irrigation. The farmers have made
provisions for automatic starting of pumps. This is carried out either by auto-starter or
starter is kept in on condition, continuously during the season, defeating interlocks.
Page 52
February 2010

31. Actual Pump set rating higher/lower than name plate rating: It has also been
observed that even though sanctioned demand is 7.5 HP or 10 HP, power rating of
most of the pump sets is higher than sanctioned demand and in some cases even
lower. The reason for measured power consumption rating higher than sanctioned
demand is that most of the farmers have rewinded the pump sets suitably to draw
more power and deliver higher water discharge. Since several farmers are charged on
flat HP basis this results in potential revenue loss to MGVCL. This is the major
reason for no encouragement for deployment of more efficient pumps. It is difficult to
make the farmers agree to have their pumps replaced, as it requires repeated efforts to
make the farmers fully conversant to the objectives of the project. Hence social
opposition is expected for replacing of older pumpsets. The feeders are already with
HVDS and metering for all pumps and hence convincing the difference in energy
consumption will not be difficult.
32. The farmers have reported erratic supply and falling water level as the major cause for
motor burnouts and lower pump output. The pump set selection by farmers is mainly
driven by crop type and water level variations.
33. Pump set Installations: The pump sets installation can be improved with further
guidance from suppliers. The above ground surface water pump sets are merely
placed on temporary supports and not properly anchored to the ground. The pump sets
are observed with high vibration levels, which also contributes to lower operating
efficiency.
Operating Efficiency Performance Evaluation
34. Pump set operating efficiency was evaluated for all the pump sets, based on the
measurement of parameters discussed earlier. Out of total 533 pumps, all the pumps
were tested, however efficiency was established for 478 pumps. Balance pumps could
not be tested for either inaccessibility of power or water measurement. The operating
efficiency is evaluated for the pumping system as a whole and not for the pump set
alone. The entire pumping system is comprised off all the elements in between suction
inlet foot valve to the discharge end of the delivery pipe at the field.
35. Due to the site constraints like non availability of the water, inaccessible power
cables, motor burnouts or under repair, the efficiency evaluation could not be carried
out for 55 number of pump sets.
Page 53
February 2010

36. Efficiency of Monoblock Pump sets:
Of the total 533 pumps studied, 41
are monoblock type pump sets. The
efficiency measured for these pumps
is in the range of 20 % to 50 %. Only
a small fraction of pump sets have
efficiency below 20 %. Pumps with
efficiency below 20% are due to a
combination of several factors like
use of frequently rewinded motors,
non
standard
pumps,
no
maintenance, poor selection of
pump, extremely low water depth
thus leading to lower output and
higher power consumption. Pumps
with higher efficiency than 50 % are
due to good voltage level (HVDS)
and good water levels. Figure 16
gives the break up of efficiency
range for monoblock pump sets.
37. Efficiency of Submersible Pump sets:

Total number of submersible pump
sets is 466. The efficiency measured
for these pumps is higher as
compared to open well pump sets
and has been in the range of 25% to
55 %. A small percentage of pumps
have efficiency below 20 %. Figure
13 gives the break up of efficiency
range for submersible pump sets.
The comparatively better efficiency
is due to changeover from
monoblock to submersible sets, good
voltage & water levels.
Figure 11: Operating Efficiency Range for

Monoblock Pump Sets
P erce ntage S ha re of Overall Efficie ncy
for Monoblock P umps
< 1%
6%
3%
Les s than 10 %
Between 10 % to 20%
38%
28%
Between 20% to 30%
Between 30% to 40%
Between 40% to 50%
25%
above 50 %
Figure 12: Operating Efficiency Range for

Submercible Pump Sets
P e rc e nta g e S h a re of Ove ra ll E ffc ie nc y
fo r S ubm e rsible P um ps
27%
< 1%
2%
12%
L e s s tha n 10 %
B etwe en 10 % to 20%
B etwe en 20% to 30%
32%
27%

a bove 50 %
38. The total number of pump sets lying in different range of operating efficiencies for
different types of pump sets is also provided in Table 24 below. As discussed earlier
due to various site constraints, efficiency could be evaluated only for 478 pump sets.
Page 54
February 2010

Table 24: Feeder wise overall operating efficiency range for different pump types
Efficiency Range
Less than 10%
Between 10% to 20%
Between 20 % to 30%
Between 30% to 40%
Between 40% to 50%
Greater than 50%
Siswa
Ashi
Bharoda
KhanKuwa
12
55
34
15
22
130
22
25
28
147
16
11
32
135
Figure 13: Overall Operating Efficiency Range for all Pump Sets
Overall E ffc ienc y wis e P erc entag e

S hare
1%
2%
12%
L es s than 10 %
28%
B etween 10 % to 20%
B etween 20% to 30%
B etween 30% to 40%
27%
B etween 40% to 50%

above 50 %
30%
Average Operating Efficiency and Average Power Input Estimates

39. Average operating efficiency and average power input for different types of pump sets
with different HP rating are evaluated for 478 samples (89.7 % of total) studied under
the project. The overall average operating efficiency and Power rating is also
estimated based on weighted average of HP rating for all the pump sets.
40. The operating efficiency and power input of the 55 samples (10.5 % of total) those
could not be studied due to the site constraints discussed earlier, the average operating
efficiency and power input evaluations are allotted based on average of 7.5 to 20 HP
rating pumps. Feeder wise and overall average operating efficiency evaluations for
different ratings and types of pump sets are provided in Table 26 below. Since
maximum number of pump sets are of 7.5 to 20 HP rating, for the few pump sets (55
no., 10.5%) for which HP rating is not known it is assumed that these pump sets fall
within the average of 7.5 to 20 HP rating pumps.
Page 55
February 2010
Table 25: Feeder wise Average operating efficiency for different ratings & types of
pump sets
Feeder
Name
Pump Rating
(Hp)
Ashi
5
Siswa
5
Bharoda
5
Khankuwa
5
No. of
Pumps
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
3
1
0
Pump Type
Submersible
Monoblock
Vertical Turbine
Submersible
Monoblock
Vertical Turbine
Submersible
Monoblock
Vertical Turbine
Submersible
Monoblock
Vertical Turbine
Submersible
Monoblock
Vertical
Turbine
Overall Average
Ashi
7.5
Siswa
7.5
Bharoda
7.5
Khankuwa
7.5
2
0
0
2
0
0
7
2
0
118
28
1
Submersible
Monoblock
Vertical Turbine
Submersible
Monoblock
Vertical Turbine
Submersible
Monoblock
Vertical Turbine
Submersible
Monoblock
Vertical Turbine
Submersible
Monoblock
Vertical
Turbine
Overall Average
Ashi
10
21
0
Submersible
Monoblock
Average
Present
Input kW
Average
Present
Pump
Efficiency
3.23
6.33
5.01
17.48
28.17
54.97
4.8
5.0
22.83
54.97
4.86
33.54
7.56
6.86
8.91
5.34
8.00
7.20
6.20
7.8
6.3
23.50
41.31
43.34
42.00
43.32
45.00
53.00
37.87
43.50
6.2
53.00
7.15
41.64
9.33
-
37.10
-
Page 56
Siswa
10
Bharoda
10
Khankuwa
10
0
18
0
0
18
0
0
70
3
0
Vertical Turbine
Submersible
Monoblock
Vertical Turbine
Submersible
Monoblock
Vertical Turbine
Submersible
Monoblock
Vertical Turbine
Submersible
Monoblock
Vertical
Turbine
Overall Average
Ashi
12.5
Siswa
12.5
Bharoda
12.5
Khankuwa
12.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
1
1
0
Submersible
Monoblock
Vertical Turbine
Submersible
Monoblock
Vertical Turbine
Submersible
Monoblock
Vertical Turbine
Submersible
Monoblock
Vertical Turbine
Submersible
Monoblock
Vertical
Turbine
Overall Average
Ashi
15
Siswa
15
Bharoda
Khankuwa
15
15
23
0
3
31
0
1
28
0
5
9
0
Submersible
Monoblock
Vertical Turbine
Submersible
Monoblock
Vertical Turbine
Submersible
Monoblock
Vertical Turbine
Submersible
Monoblock
11.38
10.06
9.90
8.20
10.2
8.2
38.31
40.05
47.98
44.15
40.9
44.2
9.78
41.52
12.27
11.60
11.10
38.40
59.89
33.59
11.9
11.1
49.1
33.6
11.66
43.96
14.06
11.30
14.40
11.25
12.90
12.93
11.70
-
39.20
47.81
42.00
42.25
52.00
52.20
51.20
-
Page 57
February 2010

2
Vertical Turbine
Submersible
Monoblock
Vertical
Turbine
Overall Average
Ashi
17.5
Siswa
17.5
Bharoda
17.5
Khankuwa
17.5
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Submersible
Monoblock
Vertical Turbine
Submersible
Monoblock
Vertical Turbine
Submersible
Monoblock
Vertical Turbine
Submersible
Monoblock
Vertical Turbine
Submersible
Monoblock
Vertical
Turbine
Overall Average
Ashi
20
Siswa
20
Bharoda
20
Khankuwa
20
15
0
1
22
1
2
22
0
5
1
0
0
Submersible
Monoblock
Vertical Turbine
Submersible
Monoblock
Vertical Turbine
Submersible
Monoblock
Vertical Turbine
Submersible
Monoblock
Vertical Turbine
Submersible
Monoblock
Vertical
Turbine
12.31
13.3
-
39.40
46.1
11.9
45.4
12.60
45.76
15.61
15.6
-
49.85
49.9
-
15.61
49.85
17.66
10.28
17.58
16.74
17.36
16.84
44.80
36.18
40.72
46.34
49.19
50.12
15.98
13.17
16.3
16.7
56.24
31.96
41.9
46.3
14.5
47.2
Page 58
February 2010
Ashi
25
Siswa
25
Bharoda
25
Khankuwa
25
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
Submersible
Monoblock
Vertical Turbine
Submersible
Monoblock
Vertical Turbine
Submersible
Monoblock
Vertical Turbine
Submersible
Monoblock
Vertical Turbine
Submersible
Monoblock
Vertical
Turbine
Overall Average
Ashi
30
Siswa
30
Bharoda
30
Khankuwa
30
0
0
0
2
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
Overall Average
Overall Average
Weighted
Average
Submersible
Monoblock
Vertical Turbine
Submersible
Monoblock
Vertical Turbine
Submersible
Monoblock
Vertical Turbine
Submersible
Monoblock
Vertical Turbine
Submersible
Monoblock
Vertical
Turbine
15.70
44.44
23.20
16.07
19.6
-
37.93
32.35
35.1
-
19.63
35.14
21.90
20.33
21.1
-
48.54
43.72
46.1
-
21.12
46.13
13.1
42.4
10.38
42.64
The overall average operating efficiency for all pump sets under the project
study has been thus arrived at around 42.64 %.
Page 59
February 2010
Parameters Affecting Pump Set Efficiency Performance

41. There are various parameters that could affect the pump set efficiency performance.
Parameters identified that could affect the pump performance are listed below and
discussed in detail in subsequent sections,
Energy Inefficient Pump Sets

Improper pump selection and usage.
Undersized pipes.
Suction head Variations and large discharge lengths.
Inefficient foot valves and piping system.
Motor rewinding and low voltage profile
Water table variations
Other common causes
Energy Inefficient Pump Sets

42. Due to lack of awareness about energy efficiency and flat HP based tariff structure for
agricultural sector, energy aspect is overlooked by the farmers while selecting the
pump sets.
43. For conventional pump sets the efficiency variation with respect to change in flow
and head is very high. At both the extreme ends of the pump curves (head Vs flow)
the efficiency of the pump set is low. However better designed Energy Efficient Pump
Sets (EEPS) have a flat top efficiency characteristic, so that any reduction in
efficiency away from the Best Efficiency Point (BEP) is small. As guaranteed by
energy efficient pump manufacturers the difference in best efficiency of a good design
is marginal and at the most up to 3% to 4%. The energy efficient pump sets could be
selected to match the capacity and head requirements and to operate at BEP during the
normal operating conditions. This will result in maximum energy savings, as
compared to present inefficient pumps.
Improper Pump Selection and Usage
44. The educational level of the Indian farmers is not adept in understanding the
technological aspects of pump operation. This leads to lack of awareness on pump
selection, operation & maintenance. The improper selection and operation leads to
poor efficiencies and wastage of energy.
45. Field study has indicated that average overall efficiency of the pump sets is around
42.6 %. About 50% of the total pump sets are operating at efficiency < 40%. Major
reason for pump set efficiencies lesser than the optimum efficiency is because the
pump sets are not operating in the high efficiency range of flow and head. This is due
to large range of suction & discharge heads for which the pump has been selected.
Page 60

46. The lower efficiency is also due to improper selection of pumps and mismatching
prime movers and due to inferior quality of the pumps being marketed. The selection
of the pumps should be governed by the characteristic curves i.e. the efficiencies in
the various ranges of flow and head valves and for normal operating condition, the
efficiency should be maximum.
Undersized Pipes
47. Selection of appropriate piping size plays important role in system efficiency. If pipes
of smaller diameter are used, the initial cost will be less but the frictional head loss
and the operational cost will be more. On the other hand, if pipes of larger diameter
are used, the initial cost will be more but the frictional head loss and thereby the
operational cost will be less.
48. The optimum pipe diameter will have minimum total cost which comprised off initial
cost and operational cost. The farmers, while selecting the pipe size considers initial
cost only without bothering about the extra operational cost which they have to pay
every year in terms of increased energy bill. It is a general practice that with 100 x
100 mm pump, the suction and discharge pipes of 100 mm diameter are used, which
is incorrect. The exit velocity at the pump discharge is generally high as compared to
velocity in the delivery pipe line. The pipe line should be sized taking into
consideration the total discharge length. As a thumb rule, the velocity in the pipe line
should not exceed 5 ft/sec.
49. The energy requirement of a pumping system operating over a period of time t can
be expressed as,
t X Q X P
Efficiency ()
Ep=
Where,
t is time in sec
Q is the volume flow rate, m3/sec
P is the total pressure drop,
is the motor pump set efficiency.
50. Assuming that the only losses are due to friction, P is proportional to the square of
volume flow (P ~ Q2). Therefore, the power required to overcome friction increases
as the cube of the volume flow. This relationship can be used to quantify the effect of
diameter on energy costs.
51. For a given volume flow rate, the above expression for (P) indicates that pumping
energy is inversely proportional to piping diameter raised to the 5th power and
directly proportional to friction factor. Since the friction factor also has a slight
dependence on diameter, the pumping energy required to overcome friction in piping
for different diameter is ,
EP1/ EP2 =
(D2 / D1) 4.84

Page 61
February 2010

52. As per the Darcy Weichbach equation for frictional factor (Hf) estimation, for
frictional loss to be minimum pipe diameter should be as large as possible. The
suction pipe length should be short, just adequate to keep the foot valve submerged
and straight with minimum bends.
53. Bends wherever unavoidable, should be of long radius. The coefficient of friction is
less in case of PVC pipes. The friction loss will increase drastically in GI pipes, as
they are prone to corrosion as compared to PVC pipes. The latest low friction loss
PVC pipes will be installed in place of GI pipes, wherever applicable, to reduce the
frictional loss on a sustained basis. The problems of erosion, corrosion and resultant
clogging will also be avoided.
54. Thus, it will always be economical to select a PVC pipe and having a diameter a next
size higher than the pump discharge size so as to have lower pressure drop and pipe
resistance. The general practice is to select a pipe diameter that is able to maintain a
water velocity between 3 to 5 ft/sec. Table 26 below indicates maximum water flow
rates for a given pipe diameter so as to restrict the water velocity up to 5 ft/sec.
Table 26: Pipeline selection with respect to flow requirement
Sr.
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
Pipe Diameter
Inch
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2
2.25
2.5
2.75
3
3.25
3.5
3.75
4
4.25
4.5
4.75
5
5.25
5.5
5.75
6
Flow Rate
m/hr
0.693
1.561
2.775
4.336
6.243
8.498
11.100
14.048
17.344
20.986
24.975
29.311
33.994
39.024
44.401
50.124
56.195
62.612
69.377
76.488
83.946
91.751
99.903
Lpm
11.56
26.02
46.25
72.27
104.07
141.64
185.01
234.15
289.07
349.78
416.26
488.53
566.58
650.41
740.02
835.42
936.59
1043.55
1156.28
1274.80
1399.10
1529.19
1665.05
Page 62
February 2010

Suction Head Variations and Large Discharge Lengths
55. Some of the pumping units have extra-ordinary high delivery point. This is especially
true for well mounted pump sets with varying levels of water every season. Also,
excessive length of discharge pipe creates additional friction head and causes extra
energy consumption.
56. The pump should be installed as near as possible to the water level in the well to
reduce suction head. The scope for reducing suction head is dictated by site conditions
and the type of pump sets used. Due to seasonal water level variation and falling
water levels it is observed that most of the submersible well water pump sets in the
region have been replaced with Borewell pump sets .
57. However, with present trends of installing borewell pump sets, there is no need for
priming and no requirement for foot valve, thereby, leading to better efficiency of
pump and longer life. Also, since there is no suction piping, the friction loss is limited
to the friction in strainer.
Inefficient Foot Valves and Pipe Fittings
58. During the site study it is observed that the fittings provided by most of the farmers
are very poor resulting in increased losses and leakages. Head losses in a poor quality
foot valves is very high. Similarly head losses in sharp bends is also high. The farmers
are mostly ignorant about the operational quality of these components.
59. A foot valve should be designed to have a frictional co-efficient of less than 0.80 and
should confirm to IS: 10805. The foot valve should have a bell-mouth profile to
minimise the entrance and frictional losses substantially. To ensure the energy
savings, foot valves of surface mounted monoblock pump sets could be replaced with
low resistance design confirming to IS standards.
Motor Rewinding and Low Voltage Profile
60. For better pump set efficiency, motor driving the pump should be of proper size.
Pertaining to the power supply issues in the region, it is observed that the farmers go
for higher capacity motors which run at part load pulling the pump set efficiencies
down. During the field study it is also observed that most of the pump sets have been
re-winded several times due to frequent burn-outs.
61. The efficiency of a pump set also varies with input voltage. The consumer end
voltage levels observed at project feeder lines varies from 370V to 440V. Often,
these lead to motor burnouts and several hours of downtime for maintenance & repair.
Figure 15 below graph indicates variation in pump set efficiency with respect to
supply voltage. The performance curve of a monoblock pump set (rated for about 24
m head, 11 litre/sec flow & overall efficiency of 55% at 415 V) at three different
voltages is presented in Figure 18.
Page 63
February 2010
EFFICIENCY (%)
HEAD (m)
Figure 14: Performance Curves for Monoblock Pumpset Operating at Different

Voltages
70.0
28.0
415 VOLTS
60.0
350 VOLTS
24.0
50.0
20.0
40.0
16.0
30.0
12.0
20.0
8.0
10.0
4.0
280 VOLTS
Q 110lpa
H 23.5 m
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
DECLARED VALUES
HEAD
H : 23.5 m
DISCHARGE
Q : 11.0 lpa
OVERALL EFFICIENCY : 53%
12.0
14.0
16.0
18.0
20.0
DISCHARGE (lpa)
62. Figure 15 shows that at a lower voltage level of say 350 V, there is an overall
efficiency drop of 2.5%, drop in head by about 1.3 m and drop in discharge by about
1 lps, as compared to that of 415 V. Similarly, at further lower voltage levels of 280
V, the overall efficiency drops by 9%, drop in head is 3.3 m and drop in discharge by
about 2.5 lps.
63. The efficiency and life of a motor can be increased by achieving low iron loss, copper
loss, windage loss and suitability for operation at low voltage levels. Hence motors
for agricultural pumps are always designed for a wide voltage band. The improvement
in the quality of power in terms of frequency and supply voltage by implementing
HVDS has significantly improved pump set efficiency and realise energy savings for
these pumps at Anand feeder. The same can be noted by the higher average levels of
efficiency.
64. The efficiency of motors in EEPS is higher due to low iron, copper & windage losses.
Better design and quality control have resulted in development of energy efficient
pump sets. To overcome the issues of lower voltage operation, the new motors are
also designed for a voltage fluctuation between 350V to 440 V.
Page 64
February 2010

Water Table Variation
65. The change in water table will have a significant impact on all existing agriculture
pump sets operating efficiency. Selection of pump-sets according to water levels /
head plays an important role in the context of overall efficiency of the pump-set.
66. The Figure 16 below presents a typical head Vs efficiency range for a pump set of 3
HP. From the graph provided, it is observed that the overall efficiency of the pumpsets is max (> 42%) at water levels / head in the range between 23 m and 27 m
approximately.
Figure 15: Variation of efficiency with respect to water table
50
45
EFFICIENCY (%)
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
11
1 5 .2
1 9 .4
2 2 .8
2 4 .6
2 6 .4
H E AD (m ts )
2 7 .2
2 7 .6
2 7 .8
67. It is observed that the average discharge head (for open wells) at feeders is in between
12 m and 25 m. For this head range, overall efficiency is found to be in the range of
15 % to 44 % as per the graph above.
68. From the above graph, it is seen that efficiency of the pump set varies steeply (14% to
44%) for the head range encountered. Water levels also vary widely in these villages,
hence affecting the efficiency. Therefore pump sets are preferably to operate at
efficiency above 40% for head range of approximately 10 to 20 m.
69. Thus the EEPS could be appropriately sized based on measured head and flow for
maximum efficiency for maximum operating period. As has been discussed with
leading pump suppliers, the maximum water requirement period is the Rabi period
during which water and energy consumption is at peak. Hence the pump set
replacement should be necessarily sized and rated for maximum efficiency and water
demand during this period. Figure below gives the efficiency and head, flow range for
an energy efficient pump set. As can be noted the efficiency is higher over the same
head range.
Page 65
February 2010

Figure 16: Efficiency Vs Head and Flow for an Energy Efficient Pumpset
Other Common Causes

70. In addition to above there are other common reason affecting the pump set efficiency
performance. Some of the more common causes of unsatisfactory performance and
their remedies are discussed below,
71. Impellers that are out of adjustment: Both pumping rates and efficiency are reduced
because water is re-circulated around the impellers instead of being pumped into the
irrigation system. This is the easiest and least expensive problem to correct. However
impeller adjustment is especially critical with semi-open impeller pumps. Impellers
may be out of adjustment because of improper initial adjustment or because of wear.
72. Pump bowls designed for a higher pumping rate than the water availability in the well
is one of the most common reasons for poor pumping efficiency. Overestimating well
yield often results from poor testing of the well after drilling. If well testing is
inadequate, the yield of the well may be less than anticipated. In other cases, the pump
supplier recommended oversize pump bowls in order to require fewer stages, thereby
reducing initial cost. Furthermore, declining water tables in some areas have reduced
well yields. In this situation, a pump is forced to operate at a lower flow rate and
higher lift than that for which it is designed. If for any of these reasons the pump
capacity does not fit the well characteristics, a high pumping plant efficiency can be
achieved only by replacing the bowls with new (not rebuilt) bowls that match with the
well yield.
73. Damaged impellers also result in poor performance. Three common causes of
impeller damage are cavitations (low temperature boiling of pumped water), sand
Page 66
February 2010

pumping and improper impeller adjustment. Sometimes only the impellers need to be
changed, but more often the permanent solution is to replace the entire bowl
assembly. If this is done, it is likely that a different model of pump bowls should be
used to fit present well conditions.
74. Failure to perform required maintenance is often a cause of low efficiency in pumping
systems. Proper check for motor and pump alignment, coupling wear out, checking
foot valves and plugging leaks should be regularly undertaken to improve overall
efficiency.
Appropriate Sizing of New Energy Efficient Pump Sets

75. As per detailed field study, the overall average operating efficiency for existing 533
pump sets under the project is around 42.6%. The present efficiency is due to a host of
reasons like average 10 years age, frequent rewinding, improper selection, local make,
lower maintenance etc. The main objective of the project is to replace existing lower
efficiency agricultural pump sets with new high energy efficient pump sets without
affecting the water discharge. To obtain maximum energy efficiency & savings
margin, it is very much necessary to size the proposed Energy Efficient Pump Sets
(EEPS) correctly on the basis of measured head and flow after considering water level
variations.
76. The existing pump set efficiencies are calculated based on actual site measurement for
all 533 samples. As discussed in chapter 2, additional information such as water level
variation, cropping pattern and harvesting cycles etc analysed to study the maximum
variation in the operating head and peak time for pump sets operation. The data has
been analysed with leading pump manufactures and a replacement arrived at based on
their most suitable / matching 4 STAR & 5 STAR pump sets model.
77. Head and flow data for each consumer / pump set has been considered along with the
sites water level variation and changes in cropping pattern to select an EEPS from the
manufacturers STAR rated pump set models. This exercise has been carried out for all
the pump sets audited. Budgetary costs for the proposed EEPS have also been
received from the pump manufacturers. Selections of EEPS along with parameters
driving the selection and improved efficiency figures are provided in Appendix III.
The overall average operating efficiency for Energy Efficient Pump Sets is around
58%.
Baseline Energy Consumption

78. Baseline energy consumption of existing pump sets of Ag DSM project is estimated
based on detailed audit study. The average operating efficiency and average input
power in kW, for existing pump sets of different types such as monoblock,
submersible and vertical turbine pumps and for different HP ratings are estimated
after analysing the field study measurements.
79. This average energy efficiency and average input power norms alongwith
assumptions of average operating hours has been applied to total no of pump sets
Page 67
February 2010

categorised as per their ratings and types to arrive at baseline energy consumption by
total 533 number of pumps sets connected on project feeder lines.
80. As discussed in earlier sections, even though the supply is available for 8 hours on
daily basis, not all the pump sets operate continuously as indicated in Table 10
provided in chapter 2. The reasons identified for not all the pump sets operating
continuously are, varying irrigation requirements, non availability of water in the
well, non availability of farmer to switch the pump set on and pump sets under
repairs.
81. The norm prescribed by the Commission for consumption for unmetered category is
1700 kWh/HP/ annum. Using the conversion for between HP and kW i.e. (1
HP=0.746 kW). The average hours of operation for a pump is calculated as 2279 hrs.
82. The annual average operating hours of 2279 are multiplied by the average input
power per pump set and total number of pump sets for each categorised based on
rating and type to estimate the baseline energy consumption. The detail estimates of
base line consumption by using annual average operating hours of 2279is provided in
Table 27 below,
Table 27: Baseline energy consumption estimates based on average input power and
operating hours
HP Rating
7.5
10
12.5
15
Pump Type
Number of
Pumpsets
Average
Existing
System
Efficiency (%)
Average Input
Power (kW)
Existing
Energy
Consumption
(kWh)
MonoBlock
54.97%
5.01
11420
Submersible
Vertical Turbine
Pump
MonoBlock
22.83%
4.78
54445
43.50%
37.87%
6.27
428609
7.83
2302829
53.00%
6.20
44.15%
8.20
56063
127
40.86%
10.17
2943228
Submersible
Vertical Turbine
Pump
MonoBlock
Submersible
Vertical Turbine
Pump
MonoBlock
0
30
129
1
14130
33.59%
11.10
25297
Submersible
49.15%
11.93
108793
Vertical Turbine
Pump
MonoBlock
Submersible
90
0
0
46.10%
13.26
2720677
Page 68
February 2010
17.5
20
25
30
Not Known
Vertical Turbine
Pump
12
MonoBlock
45.41%
Submersible
Vertical Turbine
Pump
11.94
326661
0
49.85%
15.61
16.74
38143
2193679
MonoBlock
46.34%
Submersible
59
41.90%
16.31
Vertical Turbine
Pump
47.20%
14.54
MonoBlock
Submersible
Vertical Turbine
Pump
MonoBlock
Submersible
Vertical Turbine
Pump
MonoBlock
35573
265118
0
35.14%
19.63
89495
0
0
46.13%
21.12
144363
41.89%
10.6
120517
Submersible
46
43.17%
11.9
1247846
Vertical Turbine
Pump
48.54%
10.9
Total
533
124152
13251039
83. As per load shedding protocol electricity supply hours of MGVCL cannot be less than
8 hours per day i.e. 2920 hrs per annum. In addition analysis of historical data for past
several years with regards to water availability, seasonal variation and cropping
pattern, indicate that the water availability and seasonal variation will remain the
same in future years and will not have any impact on pump set operating hours. Hence
the assumption of 2279 annual average operating hours stands appropriately.
84. The baseline energy consumption is 13.25 MU.
Estimates of Energy Saving Potential

85. The energy could be saved by improving the overall system efficiency either by
partial rectification or by complete replacement.
86. The partial rectification covers the options other than replacement of pump sets
(Motor & Pump) as listed below,
Replacement of inefficient foot valves
Removal of unnecessary lengths
Page 69
February 2010
Removal of unnecessary bends
Reduction in height of pipe above the ground
Replacement of GI pipes with HDPE/PVC pipes
Installation of capacitor banks for improving power factor
87. With the partial replacement requires farmers benefit in terms of more water
discharge from the existing pumping system. However the reduction in energy
requirement is marginal.
88. The complete replacement also covers the replacement of existing pump set with
energy efficient pump set along with the options covered under partial rectification.
Even though the complete rectification requires huge investment it leads to significant
energy savings and reduced line loadings. In this DPR the option of replacement of
exiting pump sets with energy efficient pump sets along with the replacement of foot
valves is considered.
89. The rating of energy efficient pump sets for the replacement of existing pump sets is
arrived at after analysing the maximum possible head and current water discharge
requirement. With the help of pump set manufacturers each pump set data is analysed
to propose energy efficient pump set along with its efficiency value. The energy
efficient pump sets are selected in a way so as to operate in the range where the pump
set efficiency curve is almost flat. As per the pump manufacturers, the maximum
variation in the efficiency of these new pump sets will not be more than 4% to 5 %.
90. The overall average operating efficiency for energy efficient pump sets is arrived at
about 58%. However, overall annual operating hours have been estimated
conservatively to estimate the energy saving potential by replacement of all 533 pump
sets.
91. The estimated average operating efficiency of each pump type is used to arrive at
revised average input power rating for energy efficient pump sets as provided below,
Average
input
power rating for
energy
efficient
pump sets, for each
category
Overall average operating efficiency for existing pump sets

* Existing average input power in kW, for each category
=
Overall average operating efficiency for energy efficient
pump sets, for each category
92. The energy saving potential is estimated only for improvement in the system
efficiency due to replacement of existing pump sets with energy efficient pump sets.
The detail estimates of energy saving potential are provided in below Table. As
indicated in below the overall consumption of existing pump sets works out to 11.35
MU units, whereas with energy efficient pump sets the consumption will reduce to
Page 70
February 2010

9.48 MU for same average operating hours. This leads to savings of 3.77 MU at pump
end.
93. The replacement of existing pump sets with energy efficient pump sets would lead to
energy savings. The percentage energy saving is calculated based on estimates
provided in Table 28. The calculations are provided below,
Percentage Energy
Savings
Percentage Energy
Savings at Pump
end
(Energy Consumption by Existing Pump sets Energy

Consumption by Energy Efficient Pump Sets ) * 100
Energy Consumption by Existing Pump sets
(11.35 MU 9.48 MW ) * 100

11.35 MU
28.46 %
Page 71
February 2010

Table 28: Energy Saving Potential for replacement of existing pump sets with energy efficient pump sets
HP
Rating
Type of Pump
5
7.5
10
12.5
15
17.5
20
Mono Block
Submersible
Submersible in
place of VTP
Mono Block
Submersible
Submersible in
place of VTP
Mono Block
Submersible
Submersible in
place of VTP
Mono Block
Submersible
Submersible in
place of VTP
Mono Block
Submersible
Submersible in
place of VTP
Mono Block
Submersible
Submersible in
place of VTP
Mono Block
Submersible
Initial no. of
Pumps
A
1
5
Investment for
purchase of new
pumps, in lakhs
i=d*a/ 100000
0.1621
1.2753
R& M Cost, in
lakhs
0.00
0.00
Revenue from sale

of old pump scrap,
in lakhs
o= a*e/100000
0
0
Existing Energy
Consumption, in
LUs
l=a*y*h/100000
0.12
0.55
Energy
Consumption of
EEPS, in LUs
Energy
Saving in LU
0.12
0.23
0.00
0.30
0
30
129
0.0000
5.9944
39.7602
0.00
0.00
0.00
0
0
0
0.00
4.28
23.04
3.13
15.06
0.00
1.15
7.96
1
3
127
0.3082
0.7935
40.2590
0.00
0.00
0.00
0
0
0
0.14
0.56
29.43
0.13
0.43
20.73
0.01
0.13
8.70
0
1
4
0.0000
0.3163
1.4480
0.00
0.00
0.00
0
0
0
0.00
0.26
1.08
0.14
0.91
0.00
0.12
0.17
0
0
90
0.0000
0.0000
37.0800
0.00
0.00
0.00
0
0
0
0.00
0.00
27.20
21.43
0.00
0.00
5.77
12
0
1
0.0840
0.0000
0.4120
0.00
0.00
0.00
0
0
0
3.26
0.00
0.36
0
1
59
0.0000
0.0080
27.2580
0.00
0.00
0.00
0
0
0
0.00
0.38
21.94
Page 72
2.52
0.30
0.75
0.00
0.06
0.30
14.60
0.00
0.09
7.34
25
30
Unkown
Submersible in
place of VTP
Mono Block
Submersible
Submersible in
place of VTP
Mono Block
Submersible
Submersible in
place of VTP
Mono Block
Submersible
Submersible in
place of VTP
TOTAL
8
0
2
0.0560
0.0000
1.0180
0.00
0.00
0.00
0
0
0
2.65
0.00
0.89
0
0
3
0.0000
0.0000
3.4710
0.00
0.00
0.00
0
0
0
0
5
46
0.0000
0.0400
21.2808
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.0350
533.00
181.06
2.11
0.52
0.53
0.00
0.38
0.00
0.00
1.44
1.11
0.00
0.00
0.33
0
0
0
0.00
1.21
12.48
0.87
9.10
0.00
0.35
3.38
0.00
1.24
1.02
0.22
0.00
0.00
132.51
94.77
37.73
94. Energy consumption by the pump sets after replacement is estimated at 9.48 MU, leading to savings of 3.77 MU at pump end.
95. To account for various risks faced by the project implementing agency, the project feasibility was decided to be carried out at
savings equivalent to about 25% of existing energy consumption i.e. (3.313 M.U.)
Page 73
February 2010
A4:
AG-DSM PROJECT FINANCING AND BUSINESS MODEL
1. The purpose of the exhaustive study on agricultural demand side management is to

develop investment grade DPR. The term bankable DPR stands in the context of
developing the business models to enable the financing of Ag DSM projects.
2. On preparing the Business models, MGVCL decided to implement the project in
DISCOM mode and the model is further discussed below.
Design and Development of Business Models

Guiding Parameters
3. To capitalise Ag DSM potential savings, it requires to develop effective financing and
business models to create benefits and incentives for all stakeholders which includes
distribution utilities, farmers, private sector participants (ESCOS) investing for
implementation of Ag DSM projects, state governments etc.
4. Hence an effective business model must meet the objectives of all key parties which
include distribution utilities, regulatory commission, ESCO or contractor, investor,
farmers and local communities etc.
5. To develop an effective business model, it is necessary to identify the clear roles and
responsibilities and the risks associated with the project development. This is useful to
develop appropriate structure and plan for project financing and risk mitigation
mechanism for ring fencing the risks of project investors.
Project Risk Assessment and Mitigation
6. Project risks can be categorized as project development risks, project competition
risks, equipment / system operations and performance risks, financial; contractual,
and political / regulatory risks. The various risks and risk mitigation options are
summarized in Table 29 below,
Table 29: Risk associated and mitigation measures
Sr.
No.
1
Risks Identified
Project development risks
Mitigation Strategies
BEE to provide resources for DPR development,
awareness generation, training of local specialists and
development of contract documents associated with the
project.
BEE to undertake step-wise project development;
beginning with thorough feasibility report; developing a
business model to implement the project
Page 74

Sr.
No.
2
Risks Identified
Project completion risks
On time
According to specifications
Resistance from farmers
Theft / Replacement of Energy

Efficient pump set
Regulatory risks
Pump set performance associated

risks
Low voltage may damage the new

pump sets
Measurement & Verification risks
10
11
12
Water table declines, rainfall,

weather; all affecting water
quantity pumped and head and
hence energy consumption
Payment risks to ESCO
Contractual risks (parties fail to
honor contractual commitments)
Political risks
Mitigation Strategies
Contractor or ESCO selected for the project will have
capability to implement the project
Turnkey contract with normal commercial protections will
be used.
Contract will include provisions with respect to
installation schedule, complete equipment specifications,
and commissioning and acceptance testing procedures
Open house sessions are being conducted to create
awareness about the program
An NGO will be employed to educate farmers on project
benefits during the project implementation.
New pump set to provide the same or more water
discharge ESCO to provide after sales service
Farmer will not get free repair and maintenance service for
the remaining period
Brain storming session to be organized with regulator and
other stakeholders to identify key concerns and provide
the information needed for an affirmative decision
Third Party monitoring and verification through local
NGO
Minimum efficiency of pump-sets will be included in the
contract
Pump sets with 4 star and above will be installed
ESCO will have to demonstrate the minimum efficiency
level based on the accepted testing protocols
Penalty clause will be included in case efficiency levels
are below the minimum ones
Feeder converted to HVDS have been selected so that
power quality is good
Pump sets capable of operating at low voltage could be
installed
Savings will be estimated based on the Deemed Savings
Approach
ESCO will demonstrate efficiency of pump sets
periodically during the course of the contract period
Savings to be monitored based on the actual consumption
by installing energy meters for each pump set
Savings estimates based on conservative approach so that
if/when these risks manifest, the project will still generate
net benefits
ESCROW account as a payment security mechanism
Contract to be provided with appropriate commercial/
contractual provisions
Project inaugurations through Local influential Politicians
Page 75
February 2010

Development of Business Model
7. In line with BEEs objective To create appropriate framework for market based
interventions in agricultural pumping sector through Public Private Partnership (PPP)
mode, the Ag DSM project funding has to be from ESCO mode with repayment over
time from the stream of project benefits.
8. In Gujarat, MGVCL has always been in the forefront for implementing DSM
measures in the agriculture sector as well as all other sectors. MGVCL has already
implemented HVDS for these four feeders and achieved considerable reduction in
energy losses. MGVCL can also take up the implementation of this pump set
efficiency improvement project with direct funding from financial institutions & due
approval from Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission (GERC). MGVCL decided
to move ahead with this project in DISCOM mode
9. The business model for DISCOM Mode is provided in the Figure 19.
In DISCOM Mode business model, MGVCL will fund the Ag DSM project either by
utilizing through internal accruals or though borrowings and contract out the certain
aspects of the project works and implementation.
Figure 17: DISCOM Mode business model

Consumers
Utility / Discom
Electricity
sales
Sale of saved energy to other

consumers
Government / Regulatory
Commission
Reduction in Subsidy payments

Policy Guidelines and Approvals
Policy
guidelines &
Approvals
Capital for Installation of new pumps

Improved Collection efficiency
Reduced Losses and Peak Load
Subsidy Reduction due to saved energy
Payment
Security
Regulator
Package
Inclusion in Annual Revenue
Monitoring
Agency
Farmer
Contractor
Free Energy Efficient Pump set

Reduced Energy Bills
Free Maintenance
Quality Power Supply
Pump
Third Party
Testing
Design / Installation / Commissioning & R&M

Demonstrate the energy savings
Repair and Maintenance
Page 76
February 2010

Cost Benefit Analysis for Replacement of Existing Pump Sets
10. For successful implementation of Ag DSM projects it is necessary to carry out cost
benefit analysis based on thorough assessment of project economics. Detailed
financial model has been developed separately to implement the project through
DISCOM Mode e. The financial model is designed to allow for sensitivity analysis of
key project variables/assumptions.
Cost Estimates for Efficiency Improvement
11. Each item of the total project investment has been categorised as capital cost and
operating cost. Various cost components of the project are elaborated in subsequent
sections.
Capital Costs
12. Each item of the total project investment has been arrived at based on budgetary
offers from reputed suppliers and possible negotiation margins. The break-up of total
project cost is discussed in detail under sections below.
13. Cost of Energy Efficient Pump Sets: The cost of pumps has been received from the
pump set manufacturers and has been arrived at after identifying the appropriate pump
set for the replacement of existing pump set. The total investment and details about
the cost of the pump set for different types such as monoblock & submersible and for
different HP ratings is provide in the table below:
Table 30: Details of cost of energy efficient pump sets
HP Rating
5
7.5
10
12.5
Mono Block
Submersible
15
5
Cost,
Rs/
Pump
b
13700
22050
Submersible in
place of VTP
Mono Block
Submersible
0
13
87
Submersible in
place of VTP
Mono Block
Submersible
Type of Pump
No. of pumps
VAT
Cost Per Pump

Including Vat
(Rs.)
Total Cost of
Energy Efficient
Pump Sets (Rs.
Lakhs)
12.50%
12.50%
15413
24806
2.312
1.240
22050
17050
26775
12.50%
12.50%
12.50%
24806
19181
30122
0.000
2.494
26.206
0
4
121
26775
22800
31000
12.50%
12.50%
12.50%
30122
25650
31000
0.000
1.026
37.510
Submersible in
place of VTP
Mono Block
Submersible
0
2
25
31000
27400
35500
12.50%
12.50%
12.50%
31000
30825
35500
0.000
0.617
8.875
Submersible in
place of VTP
35500
0.000
Page 77
February 2010

15
17.5
20
25
30
Unkown
1
111
29150
40500
0
12.50%
0
40500
0.000
44.955
Submersible in
place of VTP
Mono Block
Submersible
0
1
40
40500
30000
41000
0
0
12.50%
0
0
40500
0.000
0.000
16.200
Submersible in
place of VTP
Mono Block
Submersible
0
0
23
41000
42900
45500
0
0
12.50%
0
0
45500
0.000
0.000
10.465
Submersible in
place of VTP
Mono Block
Submersible
0
0
27
45500
55200
65000
0
0
12.50%
0
0
50200
0.000
0.000
13.554
Submersible in
place of VTP
Mono Block
Submersible
0
0
3
65000
68200
80000
0
0
12.50%
0
0
115000
0.000
0.000
3.450
Submersible in
place of VTP
Mono Block
Submersible
0
5
50
80000
29150
40500
0
0
12.50%
0
0
45563
0.000
0.000
22.781
Submersible in
place of VTP
40500
0.000
Mono Block
Submersible
Total
533
191.68
14. Cost of dismantling existing pump set and installing EEPS: The cost of
dismantling existing 41 nos. monoblock and 492 nos. submersible pump sets has been
estimated at Rs. 300 per monoblock pump set and Rs. 700 per submersible pump set,
cumulating to Rs. 3.567 Lakh towards dismantling and installation.
15. Cost of replacing foot valves for monoblock pump sets: During the site study it is
observed that the foot valves of monoblock and flexible coupling type pump set are
either inefficient due to locally made brands and have also become old. Hence it is
beneficial to replace the same so as to not affect the performance of EEPS. The total
no of foot valve replacements are around 41, costing at Rs. 0.205 Lakh (@ Rs. 500
per piece. including installation cost).
Operating Costs
16. Repair and Maintenance Cost: The per pump R & M cost to ensure rated efficiency
levels and sustaining the savings is estimated at about 8% of per pump set cost per
year. The total R & M cost per year is around Rs.15.25 Lakh. During the first year the
R&M is covered under the warranty by pump manufacturers, however the ESCO has
to carry out R&M for next for post warranty period. The total cost for R&M four
years is estimated at Rs 60.98 lakhs
Page 78
February 2010

17. Overall Project Cost: The total project cost estimated for the implementation of Ag
DSM Pilot Project at four feeders in Anand District of Gujarat, is Rs 256.44 Crores.
18. All the cost parameters discussed are tabulated below,
Table 31: Details of project costs
Value in
Rs Lakhs
191.68
3.567
0.205
60.98
256.44
Particulars
Cost of Energy Efficient Pump Sets
Cost of dismantling existing pump set and installing EEPS
Cost of replacing foot valves for monoblock pump sets
Repair & Maintenance cost
Total Project Cost
Monetary Savings/ Benefit to MGVCL

19. The major benefit of pump set efficiency improvement is to farmers by way of either
increased water discharge output per unit of power consumed or same water discharge
with lower power consumption.
20. Replacement of existing pump sets with correctly selected, better designed energy
efficient pumps having higher efficiency for the same head range will give higher
water output and at the same time consumes lesser power. Benefits to MGVCL due to
lower power consumption by energy efficient agricultsure pumps are estimated power
purchase costs.
21. List of assumptions made in financial model developed for IRR estimation for all
three business models has been provided below in Table 32. The financial Model is
attached as Appendix V.
Table 32: List of Assumptions
Assumptions:
Project Scope and Unit Capital Costs:
Savings Calculation Assumptions:
Model Prepared for
Saving Achieved
Project Duration
Number of Pumps to be replaced
Total capital Cost
Cost of Pumps
% of metered pumps
% of unmetered pumps
kW per HP, conversion factor
Annual deterioration in efficiency for new pumps
Tariff (for metered consumers)
Demand charges(for metered consumers)
Unit
Value
years
State
25.00%
5
Mil Rs.
Mil Rs.
%
Rs
Rs/HP/month
19.546
19.058
30%
70%
0.7462
0%
0.50
10.00
Page 79
February 2010

Tariff (for unmetered consumers)
FPPPA
Per unit subsidy by state govt to agricultural
DISCOM's power purchase cost, per kWh
Collection efficiency of subsidy from govt.
Collection efficiency from farmers
Distribution losses for Ag feeder
Repair and maintenance cost as a % of pump cost
No of average operating hours
Average cost of supply, (average tariff)
Capital Costs:
VAT
Interest Rate
Equity as a % of total costs
Corporate tax rate
Depreciation rate
Tariff Escalation Rate
Project Savings:
Total savings at Pump
Rs/HP/month
Rs/unit
Rs
Rs
%
%
%
%
Rs/ Unit
%
%
%
160.00
0.63
0.96
2.96
100.0%
100.0%
15%
8%
2279
4.19
%
%
12.5%
0%
100%
%
25%
0%
MU
3.313325053
DISCOM Mode
22. In this case the project is financed by a DISCOM. The implementation can be
contracted out to an ESCO. Considering 100% continuation of subsidy, the detailed
financial analysis based on the above details shows a payback period of 4 years. The
project IRR for a project cycle of 5 years is 11.30%.
23. Table 33 shows the cash flow statements developed for implementation of this pilot
project through DISCOM Mode.
Page 80
February 2010

Table 33: Cash flow Statements for project implementation through Discom Mode
Financial Calculations
No. of years for debt
5.00
Initial Investment on Equipment, in Mn Rs.

Equity as a % of total costs
19.55
Total Equity, in Mn Rs
19.55
Total Debt, in Mn Rs
Percentage of subsidy willing to be continued
Scrap value
100%
100%
Years
0
2.96
2.96
2.96
2.96
2.96
3.31
3.31
3.31
3.31
3.31
Units saved in Mil. Units for metered Consumers
0.99
0.99
0.99
0.99
0.99
Units saved in Mil. Units for unmetered Consumers
2.32
2.32
2.32
2.32
2.32
3.90
3.90
3.90
3.90
3.90
11.54
11.54
11.54
11.54
11.54
Initial investment, in Mn Rs
Cost of Power saved, Rs/ Unit

Units saved by deemed approach, in MUs (at pump level)
Units avoided being purchased, in Mus

Avoided cost of purchase to DISCOM, in Rs
(19.55)
2.96
Revenue from scrap of old pumps, in Mn Rs

Total Cash Inflow to DISCOM
0.98
Page 81

11.54
12.52
11.54
11.54
11.54
0.57
0.57
0.57
0.57
0.57
Loss of revenue due to non collection of tariff, in Mn Rs
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
Loss of revenue due to non collection of demand charges, in Mn Rs
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
120.00
120.00
120.00
120.00
120.00
2.62
2.62
2.62
2.62
2.62
2.62
2.62
2.62
2.62
2.62
Total units consumed per HP/year
1,701
1,701
1,701
1,701
1,701
Total loss of revenue per HP/year, in Rs
1,920
1,920
1,920
1,920
1,920
1.13
1.13
1.13
1.13
1.13
2.62
2.62
2.62
2.62
2.62
Drop in HP/unit
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Total drop in HP
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1,920
1,920
1,920
1,920
1,920
Loss of revenue to Discom due to loss in FPPPA, in Mn Rs
2.09
2.09
2.09
2.09
2.09
Total subsidy to discom from saved units (metered), in Mn Rs

Loss of subsidy to discom, in Mn Rs
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
Loss of sale to DISCOM (metered consumers), in Mn Rs
Drop in connected HP
Demand charge per HP per annum, in Rs
Loss of sale to DISCOM (unmetered consumers), in Mn Rs

Using loss per unit approach
Loss of revenue per unit of unmetered consumer

Using reduction in HP approach
Total loss of revenue per HP/year, in Rs
Page 82
February 2010

-
Total loss to discom, in Mn Rs
5.27
5.27
5.27
5.27
5.27
Net Revenue Saved in Mn Rs.
6.27
7.24
6.27
6.27
6.27
Total Cash inflow to DISCOM
6.27
7.24
6.27
6.27
6.27
R & M Cost, in Rs Mn
1.52
1.52
1.52
1.52
Total Revenue expenditure, in Mn Rs.
(1.52)
(1.52)
(1.52)
(1.52)
Interest on debt, in Mn Rs
6.27
5.72
4.74
4.74
4.74
(4.89)
(3.66)
(2.75)
(2.06)
(1.55)
1.38
2.05
1.99
2.68
3.19
(19.55)
6.27
5.72
4.74
4.74
4.74
(19.55)
6.27
5.72
4.74
4.74
4.74
(19.55)
11.30%
(13.28)
(7.56)
(2.82)
1.92
6.66
EBDT, in Rs Mn
Depreciation, in Rs Mn
EBT, in Rs Mn
Tax in Mn Rs
Profit After Tax, in Mn Rs
Debt Repayment, in Mn Rs
Project Cash Flow, in Mn Rs

Cummulative cashflow in Mn Rs
Project IRR
Payback
4.00
Page 83
February 2010
(a)
Over all, the project is well conceived and conceptualised, with sound
commercial viability. The expected financial returns are quite satisfactory.
Similar agriculture pumping efficiency improvement projects in other states
are now techno commercially proven in India. All perceived risks have
adequate safe guards. The project is recommended for equity participation and
lending by financial institutions and MGVCL as well.
(b)
All the technical risks have been discussed and mitigated. The energy savings
are assured considering that almost all the pumps have been actually tested
and efficiency levels verified. The above facts should give MGVCL enough
confidence to implement this Ag DSM pilot project on their own.
Page 84
A5:
MONITORING & VERIFICATION PROTOCOL

(a)
In the context of the agricultural DSM project, energy consumption in the

baseline and project scenarios and consequently energy savings can be
determined under two different approaches:
(b)
One is the project monitoring and verification (M&V) approach that

determines energy savings based on monitored values of efficiency parameters
like head, flow and energy consumption.
(c)
Other approach uses standard values of pumping efficiency (baseline and

project pumps) and usage hours to arrive at energy savings called the deemed
savings approach
(d)
Measurement and Verification (M&V) is the process of using measurement

to reliably determine actual saving created within an individual facility/project
by an energy management program. M&V activities include site surveys,
metering of energy and independent variables, engineering calculations, and
reporting. How these activities are applied to determine energy savings
depends on the characteristics of the energy conservation measures (ECMs)
being implemented and balancing accuracy in energy savings estimates with
the cost of conducting M&V.
(e)
As the energy consumption of a pump depends on multiple factors like head,

flow, efficiency, hours of operation and type and make of pump-set,
monitoring all the parameters is likely to be impossible given the constraints
of implementing such programs with farmers (particularly measurements
involving electricity consumption) and is likely to be extremely expensive on
account of number of pumps of different types covering vast geographical
areas having different underground water levels and efforts and time required
for head measurement.
(f)
In addition to the problems of monitoring the parameters, there are number of

risks which are outside the ESCOs control. It includes farmer behavior, the
amount of land under irrigation, cropping patterns, water table declines
(potentially affected by adjacent farmers), weather and rainfall. All these
factors can affect the quantity of water pumped and the head, which will cause
energy loads to vary, even if the technical performance of the ESCOs
installed systems perform as specified. Variations in power quality can also
affect pump performance, useful life and maintenance and replacement costs.
ESCOs and their lenders may not be able to accept full exposure to such
uncontrollable risks.
Page 85
February 2010

(g)
The basis of successful energy efficiency and demand side management

projects rest on the fact that electricity reductions can be determined to a
degree of accuracy and trust that is acceptable to all stakeholders. The
objectives of M&V are to provide an impartial, credible and transparent
process that can be used to quantify and assess the impacts and sustainability
of DSM and energy efficiency projects.
(h)
Contractually, ESCOs must stand behind technical performance and specific

efficiency of the systems and equipment they install. These are key values in
the M&V savings calculation. Other values in the savings equation, i.e.,
operating hours can be estimated using baseline energy consumption data and
then stipulated in the project contract. In this way, the ESCO is not exposed to
uncontrollable risks, but does assume responsibility for system efficiency. The
Discom and State Government in effect, assume the uncontrollable risks. If the
ESCO is paid based on the agreed value of its capital investment and delivered
services, this formulation can produce equitable results.
(i)
For this reason, from the point of view of the ESCO and its lender, a Deemed
savings approach may be appropriate. This would involve pre- and post
performance demonstration of a sample of pumps by a third-party firm to
estimate savings per pump set basis. This information is then be used to
stipulate savings based on the operating hours estimated using baseline energy
consumption data for the entire project area. Periodic sampling of pump set
efficiencies during the course of the contract period is important to account for
any deterioration of savings and to confirm that the ESCO is meeting its
warranty obligations. Even if a Deemed savings approach is used to determine
payments to the ESCO, the Discom can implement a monitoring and
verification savings approach for all feeders and pump sets to gather the most
accurate information.
(j)
Under this Ag DSM project all the 533 pumps connected on the four feeders
would be replaced with EEPS. MGVCL or An Energy Service Company
(ESCO) invests for the project or takes a loan for the investment from a
financial institution and repays the loan and profits out of reimbursements
from the revenue realised by sale of saved energy. Because pump set
specifications need to be designed in association with the pump set
manufacturer, it will be great if investments are made by pump manufacture
and ESCO. Under this scenario, MGVCL would undertake the necessary
network upgrades to ensure quality of power necessary to support the STAR
rated EEPS.
(k)
The ESCO would be responsible for project investments and undertaking

maintenance of the EEPS over the project payback period. The ESCO would
also be responsible to train the farmers for minimum servicing requirements
and also establish a local site office for attending major / emergency repairs
and servicing. The ESCO would be responsible to ensure that the EEPS
operate at the best efficiency point for maximum season duration.
Page 86
February 2010

(l)
All payments due to the ESCO would be made by MGVCL. To ensure project
viability considering varying (increased) power availability hours, varying
water levels, future addition of pump sets / consumers, the project entails a
higher investment risk.
Responsibilities of ESCO / Contractor

(m)
The primary responsibility of the ESCO are listed below,
Procurement of EEPS as per the minimum specifications .
Replace old pump sets, Install & commission the EEPS, provide O&M services
for the project. O&M services shall include maintenance and repair or
replacement of pumps, customer support to farmers to ensure optimum
performance of pumps, monitoring of pump operation and efficiency and on-call
emergency service.
The ESCO will be responsible for planning EEPS procurement, installation,

maintenance and repair/replacement. ESCO shall also be responsible for
financing, implementing and operating the project. The ESCO shall procure ISI
mark EEPS conforming to the guidelines of BEE and install them with the
following minimum specifications;i.
Wide-voltage centrifugal, submersible pump and efficient delivery

system. The discharge rate of the EEPS shall not be lower than the
existing pumps of the farmers.
ii.
Low-friction foot valve and piping, conforming to relevant IS Standards

specifications.
After installation of the EEPS, services to be offered by the ESCO shall include
maintenance of the installed systems over the contract period.
The scrap value of the old pump removed shall be credited to ESCO/MGVCL as
farmers contribution against the cost-sharing payment.
Training & Educating Farmers Regarding the Proper Use and Maintenance of
EEPS
i.
The ESCO shall organize continuous periodical process of training, education

and motivation of farmers / consumers for proper use and maintenance of the
new pump sets, during the term of the project.
ii.
The ESCO shall obtain regular feedback regarding operation of the EEPS.
iii.
The ESCO shall send monthly reports to MGVCL with feedback and
remedial action, if any, to be taken as also suggestions / recommendations.
Removal and Disposal of Existing / Old Pump Sets
The ESCO shall enter into an agreement with Farmers / Consumers, for
replacement of existing pump sets with new ones and shall then ensure timely
removal and disposal of old pump sets as per agreed time schedules with
MGVCL.
Page 87
February 2010

i.
The ESCO shall remove the existing old pump sets.
ii.
The ESCO shall dismantle and dispose off the old pump sets to prevent their
use or installation anywhere in India.
iii.
The ESCO shall ensure that the disposed off pumps or any other old pump
sets are not reinstalled / used by the participating farmers/customers.
iv.
The ESCO shall give written assurance and report to MGVCL describing the
manner of disposal of old pump sets.
v.
The ESCO shall assist MGVCLs representative / appointed auditor to

conduct audit to confirm the appropriate disposal of all old pumps and steps
to ensure that they are not re-installed.
Installation & Commissioning of Energy Efficient Pump Sets- The ESCO shall
ensure that:
i.
The work will have to be executed as per the specifications at the locations
identified by MGVCL.
ii.
The EEPS installed should be capable of pumping the same quantity of water
as compared to the existing ones.
iii.
The branded EEPS should be installed with a power factor correction device
(capacitor).
iv.
Ensure replacement by and installation of all the 533 new pump sets (plus
additional as agreed), after execution of individual agreements, as per agreed
time schedule and ensure that they are in proper working order and properly
handed over to the concerned customer/farmer, and receipt obtained.
Operation & Maintenance (O&M) Program / Services: O&M services by ESCO

shall include the following,
i.
The ESCO shall set up & maintain an office at the site to provide O&M
services with posted hours of opening along with posted procedures and
phone numbers to obtain off-hours support.
ii.
Undertake maintenance and repair or replacement of defective pump sets;

maintenance of records regarding replacements; return of defective pump sets
to the suppliers.
iii.
Provide customer support to farmers to ensure optimum performance of

pumps.
iv.
Undertake monitoring of pump operation and efficiency.
v.
Undertake on-call emergency service.
vi.
Maintain inventory of spare pumps to be installed in the event of pump

failure.
vii.
Manage an ongoing communication and education program to encourage

correct behaviours from farmers.
viii.
Develop, obtain consent / approval from MGVCL and farmers and manage a
protocol to ensure that the initial efficiency gains are sustained.
Page 88
February 2010
Procedure for Replacement under Warranty: The ESCO shall provide warranty
for installed EEPS as well extend necessary warranty for replacements. An
agreed procedure and format will need to be incorporated in the agreement letter
between MGVCL / farmer and ESCO regarding the replacements, if any. The
procedures for EEPS replacement are as follows:
i.
In case of failure of any EEPS, the customer shall be required to return the
failed EEPS to the ESCO, providing the reason of failure and submit the
proof of installation as made under the above scheme. A copy of the
agreement between ESCO and farmer shall be considered as a valid proof
of installation.
ii.
The ESCO shall replace the EEPS and shall mark in the original letter
confirming the issue of the replaced EEPS number and the date.
iii.
The ESCO shall keep a record of the EEPS and provide this information to
the MGVCL program administrator / Project Manager monthly as per
agreed report proforma and procedure.
Monthly Progress Reports: A monthly project report as per agreed format will
have to be submitted by the ESCO for the entire duration of the project. Any
additional project brief will also be prepared including barriers faced and
resolved during and after installation of EEPS.
Inspection and Tests: MGVCL and BEE or their representatives can inspect
any or all of the installations during the project term either independently or
along with ESCO representative. In order to ensure that the replacements
operate as per desired specifications and standards. The ESCO will be required
to carry out tests on a quarterly / seasonal basis (as per different water levels) or
in a manner specified by BEE / MGVCL and submit the results. The results
would be compared by BEE/MGVCL and any difference or discrepancies
detailed as compared to the specified standards so as to suitable correct the
savings and payments due to ESCO. The reports will be prepared and submitted
within reasonable time frame say about a week from conducting such tests. The
ESCO shall incorporate comments as per the report and rectify defects and carry
out remedial measures, if any, as given in the report and submit report to
BEE/MGVCL in this behalf.
Bank Guarantee
i.
The MGVCL shall require a Bank Guarantee from the ESCO as security
against warranty obligations. Under such warranty obligations, the ESCO
is required to promptly replace any EEPS that fails during the project
period and inform MGVCL accordingly.
ii.
Provide information on the progress of installation and, after

implementation, of the operational performance of EEPS every month to
MGVCL.
Carbon Credit Benefits
Page 89
February 2010
i.
The responsibility of registering the project for availing carbon credits will
be with the MGVCL.
ii.
The MGVCL shall prepare the Project Design Document and obtain
required approval from the United Nations Framework Convention on
Climate Change (UNFCCC).
iii.
All required and relevant data, technical support and necessary documents
will be provided to the MGVCL by ESCO on a timely basis to support the
ESCOs application for carbon credit.
Equipment Procurement / Purchase of New Pump Sets

i.
The ESCO has to purchase & install minimum 533 EEPS after finalizing
terms and conditions with MGVCL including the terms for the warranty.
ii.
The ESCO has to check each of the pump sets received to ensure they are
as per specifications and working.
iii.
The ESCO has to ensure that the EEPS meet the mandatory specifications.
iv.
The ESCO has to ensure that the warranty period is for minimum 12
months after installation of pump sets or longer as agreed by the ESCO
and provided by the pump manufacturer, which is extendable upto a
further period of 2 years at the option of the farmer/consumer.
v.
The ESCO has to assign separate serial numbers and markings in the pump
casting and record and maintain the same.
vi.
The ESCO has to ensure that all EEPS installed have a unique serial
number on the name-plate in addition to the marking in the castings for
identification with the program and for warranty obligations. Such
markings shall be readily visible above ground and duplicated if necessary.
vii.
The ESCO has to provide the customer/farmer with a letter indicating the
date of installation, service, serial number, capacity, make and the program
under which it is installed. A copy of the letter shall be provided to BEE
MGVCL.
MGVCLs Duties, Responsibilities and Obligations
Project Commencement
i.
MGVCL shall ensure good power quality and load management system in
project area. MGVCL shall provide minimum 3000 hrs power supply to
each feeder.
ii.
MGVCL shall provide ESCO the data and support necessary for
implementing the tasks as above.
iii.
MGVCL shall be responsible for operation, maintenance and

repair/replacement of power supply system (including energy meters) to
EEPS.
On Field Support : MGVCL shall provide necessary support to the ESCO at the
field level, as may be required by ESCO from time to time, including, amongst
Page 90
February 2010

others, regarding access to consumer premises, replacement of existing pump
sets, recovering old pump sets and signing agreement with the farmer/consumer.
Maintenance of Power Supply System (line, transformer, capacitor, meter etc)

i.
MGVCL shall be responsible for operation and maintenance of power

supply system.
ii.
MGVCL shall promptly attend to any break down including repair or

replace or replacement of any equipment used/needed for maintaining
electricity supply.
Payment: MGVCL will make payments on a monthly basis to the ESCO based
on the savings formula derived from competitive bidding and any related
negotiations.
Payment Terms and Conditions
The payments will be made on a monthly basis to ESCO after the replacement
of old sets / installation of EEPS as per agreed savings and its certification by
Third Party Agency. The ESCO shall ensure successful installation of all EEPS
within agreed time frame subject to which Liquidated Damage (LD) charges
will be made applicable as per agreed contract.
The typical terms could involve ;

i.
Contract period years.
ii.
Name of feeders and its substation.
iii.
No .of pump sets to be replaced. Total no. of pump sets at the start of the
project. Estimated no. of pump sets to be added after project inception
date.
iv.
Estimate & confirm baseline energy consumption for present plus

additional pump sets as per DPR.
v.
The ESCO and MGVCL can commence measurement of power consumed

on the feeders under study and fix the baseline demand.
vi.
Quantum of energy savings to be certified between ESCO and MGVCL.
vii.
Share of energy savings between ESCO and MGVCL as per project

agreement.
Page 91
February 2010

01 Ag DSM Implementation Report

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AG-DSM PILOT PROJECT AT ANAND

Bureau of Energy Efficiency

AG-DSM PILOT PROJECT AT ANAND

PROJECT AREA OVERVIEW AND ANALYSIS........................................................................19

LOCATION AND ACCESSIBILITY OF THE PROJECT AREA ................................................................................19

PUMP SET PERFORMANCE EVALUATION & COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS .......................47

FIELD STUDY OBJECTIVES AND OVERVIEW..................................................................................................47

Bureau of Energy Efficiency

AG-DSM PILOT PROJECT AT ANAND

AG-DSM PROJECT FINANCING AND BUSINESS MODEL ....................................................74

DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF BUSINESS MODELS .....................................................................................74

MONITORING & VERIFICATION PROTOCOL ......................................................................85

Bureau of Energy Efficiency

AG-DSM PILOT PROJECT AT ANAND

Bureau of Energy Efficiency

AG-DSM PILOT PROJECT AT ANAND

Bureau of Energy Efficiency

AG-DSM PILOT PROJECT AT ANAND

: Aggregate Technical & Commercial

Bureau of Energy Efficiency

AG-DSM PILOT PROJECT AT ANAND

In order to accelerate Demand Side Management (DSM) measures in agriculture

Bureau of Energy Efficiency

AG-DSM PILOT PROJECT AT ANAND

In following sections it is discussed how Ag DSM in agriculture pumps provides an

Site Based Data Collection and Analysis

Pump Set Efficiency Performance Evaluation

The overall average operating efficiency based on weighted average of HP rating

Estimates of Energy Saving Potential

Bureau of Energy Efficiency

AG-DSM PILOT PROJECT AT ANAND

No. of Pump sets x avg. kW of each pump type x annual

Overall average operating efficiency for existing pump sets

Project Financing and Business Models

Bureau of Energy Efficiency

AG-DSM PILOT PROJECT AT ANAND

The various cost parameters are tabulated below in Table B.

Table B: Details of project costs

Monetary savings to MGVCL: Gujarat is a power surplus state thus by

In this case the project is financed by a DISCOM. The implementation can be

Considering 100% continuation of subsidy, the detailed financial analysis based on

Bureau of Energy Efficiency

AG-DSM PILOT PROJECT AT ANAND

Bureau of Energy Efficiency

AG-DSM PILOT PROJECT AT ANAND

Bureau of Energy Efficiency

AG-DSM PILOT PROJECT AT ANAND

Figure 1: Share of Agricultural Power to Total Power in different States

A gric ulture P ower

The ultimate irrigation potential of India is estimated in 139.95 million ha is by major

Bureau of Energy Efficiency

AG-DSM PILOT PROJECT AT ANAND

Improper selection and installation,

Use of high-friction piping, and

Lack of proper maintenance.

Objective for preparation of DPR

In agriculture sector, most of the irrigation pump-sets operate at poor efficiency.

Identifying operating efficiency of all the pumps considered in the study,

Bureau of Energy Efficiency

AG-DSM PILOT PROJECT AT ANAND

Identify the major causes of low operating efficiency and recommend

Identify agencies to service and maintain efficiency of replacements

Propose a Monitoring & Verification Protocol to measure and quantify the