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Nemzetkzi kereskedelem
a. Protekcionizmus, szabad kereskedelem
b. A nemzetkzi kereskedelmi szervezetek funkcii
International trade means export and import. It is the exchange of goods,
services and capital between the countries. In most countries, such trade
represents a significant share of gross domestic product (GDP). While
international trade has been present through the history (see Silk Road,
Amber Road), its economic, social, and political importance has been rising in
recent centuries. Industrialization, advanced technology transportation,
globalization, multinational corporations, and outsourcing are all having a
major impact on the international trade system. Increasing international trade
is crucial to the continuance of globalization.
a. Protectionism and free trade
The most important trade liberalisation activity after WW2 has been
through GATT (General Agreements on Tariff and Trade) which began in
1947 with 23 members. It was a multilateral treaty.
Its aim was to:
o give the world a set of rules under which trade negotiations can take
place
o to reduce trade barriers and to reach further liberalisation of world
trade
GATT principles:
o protection only through tariffs
o trade without discrimination ( if a country gives a trade reduction to
one country it must give the same reduction to all other countries)
o trade conflicts should be settled by consultation and arbitration