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Requisites of Obligations
Juridical or legal tie the vinculum or the link that binds the party
Prestation - consist in giving, doing or not doing something
Active subject person who can demand the performance of the obligation or known as
the creditor or oblige
Passive subject the person from whom prestation is demandable or known as the debtor
or obligor
Illustration:
A entered into a contract with B whereby A agreed to deliver to B a washing machine
on Monday. The juridical tie is the contract, the prestation is the delivery of the
washing machine, the active subject
is B, and the passive subject is A.
Sources of Obligations
Law imposed by the law itself
Illustration:
By provision of law, a husband and wife are obliged to live
mutual respect and fidelity, and render mutual help and support.
together,
observe
Contracts the meeting of minds between two persons whereby one binds himself with
respect to the other to give something or to render service.
Quasi-contracts the act of a person, permitted by law, by which he obligates himself
towards another, or by which another binds himself to him, without any agreement
between them.
Illustration:
Suppose A owes B the sum of P50.00, but by mistake A pays B the amount of
P100.00. In this case, B must return to A the P50.00 because as to the excess, that is
payment of something not owing (Solutio Indebiti).
Acts or omissions punished by law refers to a crime or a penal offense, like murder.
Illustration:
Supposing A kills B. If the court finds that A is guilty, A will be sentenced either to
imprisonment or death, depending on the gravity of the offense.
An act or omission;
you
car
if
you
pass
the
ECE examinations.
Obligations With a Period those whose consequences are subjected in one way or the
other to the expiration of said term.
Illustration:
A borrowed money from B in the amount of P50.00 promising to pay the amount
as soon as possible. If later on, they cannot agree on the specific date of payment,
the remedy of B is to go to court and ask the court to fix the date when the debt
is to be paid.
Kinds of Period
Illustration:
Marc obliged himself to deliver to Edwin either a piano or a refrigerator. The
delivery of the piano or the refrigerator is sufficient compliance with the obligation.
Marc could not compel Edwin to accept only a part of the piano or a part of the
refrigerator because in alternative obligations complete performance of one of the
prestations is necessary.
Solidary Obligations is one which each of the debtors is liable for the whole
obligation and each of the creditors may demand compliance of the entire obligation.
Illustration:
Juan and Pedro are the solidary debtors of Jose for the amount
of P100.00. Hence either of them may be compelled by Jose to
pay the whole amount of P100.00. So Jose can demand from Juan
the amount of P100.00. Jose can also demand from Pedro the
amount of P100.00. However, if Juan pays P100.00, then the
obligation is extinguished and the paying debtor (Juan) is entitled
to be reimbursed by his co-debtor (Pedro) for his part of the debt,
which is P50.00.
Kinds
of
Solidarity
o
Active Solidarity when the solidarity exists among the
creditors only.
o
Passive Solidarity when the solidarity takes place
among the debtors only.
o
Mixed Solidarity when the solidarity exists both among the
creditors and the debtors at the same time.
Divisible
and
Indivisible
Obligations
Divisible Obligation is one which is capable of partial
performance.
Illustration:
Juan obliged himself to deliver to Pedro six sacks of rice as follows:
Three sacks of rice to be delivered by Juan on May 1st, and Pedro
to pay Juan the amount of P150.00. Another three sacks of rice to
be delivered by Juan on June 1st, and Pedro to pay Juan the same
amount of P150.00. The obligation of Juan to Pedro to deliver rice
is divisible because the parties intended partial performance.
Indivisible Obligation is one which is not capable of partial
performance.
Illustration:
In the preceding example, if Juan and Pedro agreed that all the
six sacks of rice should be deliver on May 1st, then
notwithstanding that the object of the obligation is physically
divisible. Nevertheless, it is indivisible because the parties
intended complete performance at one given time. Juan,
therefore, must deliver all the six sacks of rice on May 1st.
he cannot deliver two or three or even five, because that case
the delivery still constitutes partial performance.
Obligations
Clause
With
penal
Joint when both the principal contract and the penal clause
can be enforced
Illustration:
A borrowed from B the amount of P100.00 payable on October 10, 2007. They agreed
further that should A fail to pay the amount on the said date, A shall pay B the amount of
P10.00 as penalty. On October 10, 2007, A failed to pay B. In such case, B could go to the
court and demand payment of the principal amount of P100.00 and also the penalty of
P10.00. However, if the penalty is iniquitous, merciless and shocking to conscience, it shall
not be enforced. Instead it may be reduced by the court.
EXTINGUISHMENT OF OBLIGATIONS
Kinds
of
Condonation
or
Remission
Illustration:
A is indebted to
hand, B is also
Both debts are
both are, in their
other.
Illustration:
A
obliged
himself
to
deliver
to
B
a
carabao.
Subsequently A proposed that C would take his place but
instead of delivering a carabao he would deliver a horse. If B
and C agreed, then there was a mixed novation because the
object of the obligation and the person of the obligor
were changed.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------CONTRACTS is the meeting of the minds between two persons
whereby one binds himself with respect to the other to give
something or to render
service. It comes from the Latin word
contractus which signifies an agreement.
GENERAL
PROVISIONS
Elements
of
Contracts
Essential Elements
cause or consideration
Stages of a Contract:
Preparation or Conception includes all the initial stages up to
the time the parties agree upon the terms of the contract.
Illustration:
Juan offers to sell his horse to Pedro for P2,000.00. Pedro asks
Juan to bring his horse to his place to enable him to see whether
the horse is fit for carretela purposes. Juan brings the horse to
Pedros place and the latter is allowed by Juan to use his horse
in pulling Pedros carretela to enable the latter to see whether
the horse has sufficient speed, is physically fit, etc. After trying the
horse, Pedro bargains with Juan as to the price. Up to this stage,
the parties are doing things leading to the meeting of the minds.
Perfection or Birth the time when the minds of the parties meet
in agreement upon the object or subject matter as well as to the
price or consideration.
Illustration:
Juan agrees to receive P2,000.00 for his horse and Pedro
agrees to take the horse for that amount. The contract here is
perfected because there is already a meeting of the minds.
Consummation
Termination
or
Illustration:
Juan delivers the horse to Pedro and the same is accepted.
Pedro gives the amount P2,000.00 as purchase price and the
latter receives it. In here, the contract is consummated and
terminated.
Classification of Contracts
Express and Implied Contracts is one written in the intent of the
parties is shown by words, oral or written.
Unilateral
Contracts
and
Bilateral
Cause of Contracts the immediate, direct and proximate reason which justifies the
creation of an obligation thru the will of the contracting parties.
Illustration:
Juan offers to sell to Jose his only white horse for P500.00. Jose accepts the offer. Here,
the consent of the parties is manifested by the concurrence of their wills as to the white
horse and as to the price. The object is the white horse and the cause is P500.00.
Remunetory Contract
remuneration is given.
the
cause
is
the
service
or
benefit
for
which
the
Illustration:
Juan is accused for a crime in court. He retains the services of Atty. Dela Cruz as his
defense counsel for P5,000.00. The P5,000.00 to be given by Juan to Atty. Dela Cruz
is for the professional services of Atty. Dela Cruz.
Gratuitous Contract the cause is the pure liberality of the giver.
Illustration:
Pedro donated a parcel of land to the municipality of Naic, Cavite, to be used as the
municipal cemetery without receiving any valuable consideration for the same. Here,
the cause of the contract of donation is the mere liberality of Pedro, the benefactor.
Requisites of a valid cause or consideration
The cause must be in existence.
That the cause must be lawful and not contrary to law, morals, good customs,
public policy, and
The cause must be true because the statement of a false cause renders the
contract void.
REFORMATION OF INSTRUMENTS
Reformation is a remedy in equity by means of which a written instrument is made or
construed so as to express or conform to the real intention of the parties when some error
or mistake has been committed.
Requisites
of Reformation
There is a valid contract;
The contract is in writing;
The written contract fails to express the true intention of the parties
The failure of the written contract to express the true intention is due to mutual
mistake, fraud, inequitable conduct, or accident.
DEFECTIVE CONTRACTS
Types of Defective Contracts
Rescissible Contract it has all the essential requisites of a contract and the contract
itself is valid, but by reason of injury or damage to third persons, such as creditors,
the contract may be rescinded.
Example of rescissible contracts
Those which are entered into by guardians whenever the wards whom they
represent suffer lesion by more than one-fourth of the value of the things
which are the object thereof;
Those agreed upon in representation of absentees if the latter suffer the
lesion stated in the preceding number;
Those undertaken in fraud of creditors when the latter cannot in any other
manner collect the claims due them;
Those which refer to things under litigation if they have been entered into by
the defendant without the knowledge and approval of the litigants or of
competent judicial authority;
All other contracts specially declared by law to be subject to rescission.
Lesion damage or injury suffered by the party seeking rescission by reason of the
fact that the price is unjust or inadequate
Voidable Contracts is one that possesses all the essential requisites of a valid contract,
namely, consent, object and cause or consideration. It is a valid contract until it is
annulled.
Contracts that is voidable even though there may have been no damage to the
contracting parties
Those entered into the name of another person by one who has been given
no authority or legal representation, or who has acted beyond his powers;
Those that do not comply with the statute of frauds as set forth in this number.
In the following cases an agreement hereafter made shall be unenforceable by
action, unless the same, or some note or memorandum thereof, be in writing,
and subscribed by the party charged, or by his agent; evidence, thereof, of the
agreement cannot be received without the writing, or a secondary evidence of its
contents.
The action or defense for the declaration of their inexistence or absolute nullity
is imprescriptible.
The inexistence or absolute nullity of a contract cannot be invoked by a
person whose interests are not directly affected.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DAMAGES is the sum of money which the law awards or imposes as percuniary compensation,
recompense, or satisfaction for an injury done or a wrong sustained as a consequence either of a breach
of a contractual obligation or a tortious act.
Types of Damages
Actual or Compensatory Damages damages that cover actual injury or economic
loss. It is intended to put the injured party in the position he was in prior to the injury.
It typically includes medical expenses, lost wages and the repair or replacement of
property.
Moral Damages includes physical suffering, mental anguish, fright, serious anxiety,
besmirched reputation, wounded feelings, moral shock, social humiliation, and similar
injury.
Nominal Damages these are small and trivial sums awarded for a technical injury due
to a violation of some legal right, and as a consequence of which some damages
must be awarded to determine the right.
Not being subject to the authority of the father or the mother, nor to marital authority and;
Have the free disposition of their property.
The heads of departments and chiefs of bureaus or offices and their assistants
shall not, during their continuance in office, engage in the practice of any
profession or intervene, directly or indirectly, in the management or control of
any private enterprise which in any way may be affected by the functions of
their office; nor shall they, directly or indirectly, be financially interested in any
contract with the Government, or any subdivision or instrumentality thereof.
Registration of Merchants
Bureau of Commerce for those merchants having their place of business in Manila
Bureau of Customs in the case of vessels, those more than 3 tons gross
1.
A.
B.
C.
D.
2.
A.
B.
C.
D.
3.
A.
B.
C.
D.
4.
A.
B.
C.
D.
5.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Obligum
Obligate
Obligare
Obligus
A legal wrong, committed through fault or negligence, on a person or property, independent of contract.
Contracts
Obligation
Quasi-delicts
Condition
A nature of obligation under civil code which is legally demandable and the courts of justice may compel their
performance.
Civil Obligations
Natural Obligation
Pure Obligation
Condition
A nature of obligation under civil code based on
morality, natural law and conscience, they are not legally demandable.
Civil Obligations
Natural Obligation
Pure Obligation
Condition
6.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Requisites of obligations which is the vinculum or the link that binds the party
Juridical or legal tie
Prestation
Active subject
Passive subject
7.
A.
B.
C.
D.
8.
B. Prestation
C. Active subject
D. Passive subject
9.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Requisites of obligation that refers to a person from whom prestation is demandable or known as the debtor or obligor
Juridical or legal tie
Prestation
Active subject
Passive subject
Law
Contracts
Quasi-delicts
Work
An act or omission
Accompanied by fault or negligence
There must be no pre-existing contractual relation between the parties.
Acts or omissions punished by law
12. An obligation which is not subject to conditions or burdens nor does it mention a specific date for its fulfilment and as
such it is immediately demandable.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Pure obligation
Conditional obligation
Reciprocal obligation
Alternative obligation
Pure obligation
Condition
Reciprocal obligation
Alternative obligation
Pure obligation
Conditional obligation
Reciprocal obligation
Alternative obligation
15. A kind of condition which suspends the demandability of the obligation until the fulfilment of the condition.
A.
B.
C.
D.
16.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Suspensive Condition
Alternative obligation
Reciprocal obligation
Resolutory Condition
A kind of condition that produces the extinguishment of an obligation upon the happening of the event.
Suspensive Condition
Alternative obligation
Reciprocal obligation
Resolutory Condition
17. An obligation whose consequences are subjected in one way or the other to the expiration of said term.
A. Pure obligation
Pure obligation
Obligations with a period
Reciprocal obligation
Alternative obligation
Ex die
In diem
Legal period
Voluntary period
20. A kind of period with a resolutory effect and the validity of obligation is up to a certain date
A.
B.
C.
D.
21.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Ex die
In diem
Legal period
Voluntary perio
Judicial period
In diem
Legal period
Voluntary period
Judicial period
In diem
Legal period
Voluntary period
24. An obligation where two parties are mutually obliged to do or to give something.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Pure obligation
Condition
Reciprocal obligation
Alternative obligation
Pure obligation
Condition
Reciprocal obligation
Alternative obligation
26. An obligation wherein various things are due, but the payment of one of them is sufficient, determined by the choice
which as a general rule belongs to the obligor.
A. Pure obligation
B. Condition
C. Reciprocal obligation
D. Alternative obligation
27. One in which each of the debtors is answerable only for a proportionate part
creditors is entitled to a proportionate part of the credit
A. Joint obligation
B. Solidary obligation
C. Divisible obligation
D. Indivisible obligation
one
of
the
28. One in which each of the debtors is liable for the whole obligation and each of the creditors may demand compliance of
the entire obligation.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Joint obligation
Solidary obligation
Divisible obligation
Indivisible obligation
Active Solidarity
Passive Solidarity
Mixed Solidarity
Solo Solidarity
30. When the solidarity takes place among the debtors only, it is called
A.
B.
C.
D.
Active Solidarity
Passive Solidarity
Mixed Solidarity
Solo Solidarit
31. When the solidarity exists both among the creditors and the debtors at the same time, this is called
A.
B.
C.
D.
Active Solidarity
Passive Solidarity
Mixed Solidarity
Solo Solidarity
Joint obligation
Solidary obligation
Divisible obligation
Indivisible obligation
33. Juan obliged himself to deliver to Pedro six sacks of rice as follows: Three sacks of rice to be delivered by Juan on
May 1st, and Pedro to pay Juan the amount of P150.00. Another three sacks of rice to be delivered by Juan on June
1st, and Pedro to pay Juan the same amount of P150.00. This illustrates:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Joint obligation
Solidary obligation
Divisible obligation
Indivisible obligation
B. Quantitative
C. Ideal
D. Moral
35. A type of division that depends on quantity rather than quality
A.
B.
C.
D.
36.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Qualitative
Quantitative
Ideal
Mental
A type of division also known as moral, intellectual or mental division
Qualitative
Quantitative
Ideal
All of the above
Law
Penal clause
Stipulation
Preceding
38. A binds himself to deliver to B a Honda Civic car at the end of the current year. They agree in writing that should
A fail to deliver the car on a specified date, A shall pay B as penalty P10,000.00. A fails to make the delivery. B
could demand the payment of P10,000.00 against A. B, however could not compel A to deliver the car and pay
the penalty at the same time. This is
_ type of penal clause:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Joint
Subsidiary
Solo
Partial
39. A classification of penal clause when both the principal contract and the penal clause can be enforced.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Joint
Subsidiary
Solo
Partial
By Payment or Performance
By the condition or remission of the debt
By altering the signature
By the loss of the thing due
An obligation which is not capable of partial performance.
Joint obligation
Solidary obligation
Divisible obligation
Indivisible obligation
42. A kind of remission when the enforcement of the obligation is waived or renounced totally.
A.
B.
C.
D.
43.
A.
B.
C.
Partial
Complete
Express
Implied
A remission when the waiver or renunciation refers only to a part of the obligation.
Partial
Complete
Express
D. Implied
44. A remission when it is shown by words or declaration of the obligee.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Partial
Complete
Express
Implied
45. A remission when it is inferred from the acts or conduct of the obligee.
A.
B.
C.
D.
46.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Partial
Complete
Express
Implied
A type of compensation that takes place when compensation extinguishes the two debts in their concurrent amounts
even without the express agreement of the parties. Judicial compensation
Legal compensation
Voluntary compensation
Judicial compensation
Partial compensation
47. A type of compensation that takes place when there is compensation by agreement of the parties as in the case of mutual
set off of accounts.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Legal compensation
Voluntary compensation
Judicial compensation
Partial compensation
48. A type of compensation that takes place when the court permits the counterclaim of the defendant as against the
claim of the plaintiff.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Legal compensation
Total compensation
Judicial compensation
Partial compensation
49. A type of compensation that takes place when the two obligations are of different amounts and a balance remains
unextinguished after the compensation.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Legal compensation
Total compensation
Judicial compensation
Partial compensation
50. A type of compensation that takes place when the obligations are of the same amount and compensation extinguishes the
obligations entirely.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Legal compensation
Total compensation
Judicial compensation
Partial compensatio
51. A. novation where the principal conditions of the obligation is change.
A.
B.
C.
D.
True novation
Real novation
Personal novation
Substitute novation
52. A obliged himself to deliver to B a car. Subsequently, they entered into another contract whereby instead of A
delivering a car, A would deliver a truck. This illustrates:
A.
B.
C.
D.
True novation
Real novation
Personal novation
Substitute novation
53. A novation where another person is sustained in place of the debtor or he is subrogated to the rights of the creditor.
A.
B.
C.
D.
True novation
Real novation
Personal novation
Substitute novation
54. A novation where there is a change in the person of the parties and the objects or modification of principal condition.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Mixed novation
Real novation
Personal novation
Substitute novation
55. It is the meeting of minds between two persons whereby one binds himself with respect to the other to give
something or to render some service.
A.
B.
C.
D.
56.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Contracts
Obligation
Quasi-delicts
Condition
A contract comes from the Latin word _
Kontrus
contractus
Tractum
Contractumus
57. The following are considered to be the essential elements of contracts except
A.
B.
C.
D.
58. An element of contracts which refers to those the existence of which is presumed by law unless there is an
agreement to the contrary
A. Essential element
B. Natural elements
C. Accidental elements
D. Unnatural elements
59. Refers to an element of contracts that consist of the unusual stipulation of the parties such as conditions, terms, etc.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Essential element
Natural elements
Accidental elements
Unnatural elements
60. A stage of a contract that includes all the initial stages up to the time the parties agree upon the terms of the
contract.
A. Preparation or Conception
B. Perfection or Birth
C. Consummation or Termination
D. Deliberation
61. A stage of a contract that refers to the time when the minds of the parties meet in agreement upon the object or
subject matter as well as to the price or consideration.
A. Preparation or Conception
B. Perfection or Birth
C. Consummation or Termination
D. Deliberation
62. Juan agrees to receive P2,000.00 for his horse and Pedro agrees to take the horse for that amount. This refers to
what stage of the contract
A. Preparation or Conception
B. Perfection or Birth
C. Consummation or Termination
D. Deliberation
63. Juan delivers the horse to Pedro and the same is accepted. Pedro gives the amount P2,000.00 as purchase price and
the latter receives it.This is an example of what stage of the contract
A. Preparation or Conception
B. Perfection or Birth
C. Consummation or Termination
D. Deliberation
64.
A.
B.
C.
D.
A contract wherein the intent of the parties is shown by words, oral or written.
Express contract
Implied contracts
Executed contracts
Executory contracts
65.
A.
B.
C.
D.
66.
A.
B.
C.
D.
67.
A.
B.
C.
D.
68.
A.
B.
C.
D.
69.
A.
B.
C.
D.
A contract that is perfected by delivery of the thing which is the object of the contract.
Consensual contract
Bilateral contract
Real contract
Unilateral contract
70.
A.
B.
C.
D.
A contract where only one of the parties has an obligation such as in commodatum or gratuitous deposit.
Consensual contract
Bilateral contract
Real contract
Unilateral contract
71.
A.
B.
C.
D.
72. A, for and in consideration of P1,000.00, entered into a contract with B whereby the latter agreed
to murder C. This limitation upon the right to contract that refers to
A.
B.
C.
D.
Contrary to law
Against moral
Contrary to good customs
Contrary to public order
73. A entered into a contract with B whereby for and in consideration of P100,000.00 the latter agrees
to live with A without the benefit of marriage. This limitation upon the right to contract that refers to
A.
B.
C.
D.
Contrary to law
Against moral
Contrary to good customs
Contrary to public order
74. Pedro and Maria decided to get married on October 10, 2007. Invitations were printed and distributed
to relatives and friends and apparel were purchased including matrimonial bed. Pedro, however
walked out of it and was never heard of again. This limitation upon the right to contract that refers to
A.
B.
C.
D.
Contrary to law
Against moral
Contrary to good customs
Contrary to public order
75. A entered into a contract with B wherby A will not enter into any enterprise whatever in the
Philippines. This limitation upon the right to contract that refers to
A.
B.
C.
D.
Contrary to law
Against moral
Contrary to good customs
Contrary to public order
Gratuitous Contract
Remunetory Contract
Onerous Contract
Liberation Contract
78. A classification of contracts as to its cause where the cause is the service or benefit for which the
remuneration is given.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Gratuitous Contract
Remunetory Contract
Onerous Contract
Liberation Contract
79. A classification of contracts as to its cause where the cause is the mutual undertaking or promise
of either of the contracting parties.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Gratuitous Contract
Remunetory Contract
Onerous Contract
Liberation Contract
80. Remedy in equity by means of which a written instrument is made or construed so as to express or
conform to the real intention of the parties when some error or mistake has been committed.
A. Reformation
B. Novation
C. Defect
D. Erroneous
81. Which of the following cannot be considered as a requisite of reformation
a. There is a valid contract;
b. The contract is in writing;
c. The oral contract expresses the true intention of the parties
d. The failure of the written contract to express the true intention is due to mutual mistake, fraud, inequitable conduct, or
accident.
82. A defective contract where it has all the essential requisites of a contract and the contract itself is valid, but by
reason of injury or damage to third persons, such as creditors, the contract may be rescinded.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Rescissible Contract
Voidable Contracts
Unenforceable Contracts
Void or Inexistent Contracts
83. A damage or injury suffered by the party seeking rescission by reason of the fact that the price is unjust or inadequate.
A.
B.
C.
D.
damage
effect
lesion
payment
84. A contract which possesses all the essential requisites of a valid contract, namely, consent, object and cause or
consideration. It is a valid contract until it is annulled.
A.
B.
C.
D.
85.
A.
B.
C.
D.
86.
A.
B.
C.
D.
When a contract cannot be sued upon or enforced in court unless it is ratified is said to be
Void or Inexistent contract
Unenforceable contracts
Voidable contracts
Negotiorum Gestio
87. It is the voluntary administration of the abandoned business or property belonging to another without the consent of
the latter.
A. Void or Inexistent contract
B. Unenforceable contracts
C. Voidable contracts
D. Negotiorum Gestio
88. It is the sum of money which the law awards or imposes as percuniary compensation, recompense, or satisfaction for
an injury done or a wrong sustained as a consequence either of a breach of a contractual obligation or a tortious
act.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Payment
Injury
Damages
Compensation
89. Damages that cover actual injury or economic loss. It typically includes medical expenses, lost wages and the repair
or replacement of property.
A. Actual or Compensatory Damages
B. Nominal Damages
C. Moral Damages
D. Temperate or Moderate Damages
90. Damages that includes physical suffering, mental anguish, fright, serious anxiety, besmirched reputation, wounded
feelings, moral shock, social humiliation, and similar injury.
A. Actual or Compensatory Damages
B. Nominal Damages
C. Moral Damages
D. Temperate or Moderate Damages
91. Damages which are small and trivial sums awarded for a technical injury due to a violation of
some legal right, and as a consequence of which some damages must be awarded to determine
the right.
A.
B.
C.
D.
93. Damages where the amount of which has been agreed upon by the parties or fixed by the
judgement of a competent court.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Liquidated Damages
Exemplary Damages
Corrective Damages
Compensatory Damages
94. Damages which are given in enhancement merely of the ordinary damages on account of
wanton, reckless, malicious, or oppressive character of the acts complained of.
A. Actual or Compensatory Damages
B. Nominal Damages
C. Moral Damages
D. Exemplary or Corrective Damages
95. Branch of the unwritten law which was originally founded on the customs of merchants, mariners
and business men generally in their dealings with one another throughout the civilized countries of
the world.
A. Law Merchant
B. Law of businessmen
C. Law of mariners
D. Law of people
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