9/7/2010

Content
THE USER INTERFACE (UI)
DESIGN PROCESS
Step 1:
KNOW YOUR USERS & CLIENTS
(RVI)

Understand how people interact with

computers
Understand the human characteristics important
in design.
Identify the users level of knowledge and
experience
Identify the characteristics of the users needs,
tasks, and jobs
Identify the users psychological characteristics
Identify the users physical characteristics
Employ recommended methods for gaining
understanding of users

Fakultas Informatika IT Telkom

Fakultas Informatika IT Telkom

Understand how people interact

with computers

2a. Menentukan metode

The Human Action Cycle

2b. Merencanakan urutan aksi

1. A goal is formed
2. An execution plan is devised and implemented
3. The results of the actions taken are evaluated

Open Blank doc

Typing

1. Menentukan tujuan

2c.
Beraksi!

2. Merencanakan aksi
3. Mengevaluasi hasil

3a.
Menerima
hasil
3c. Membandingkan hasil
3b. Menginterpretasi hasil

Fakultas Informatika IT Telkom

(format, isi,
lengkap?)
Fakultas Informatika
IT Telkom

9/7/2010

Understand how people

interact with computers..
Why People Have Trouble with Computers
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Too much flexibility decrease usability

Use of jargon : reboot, close, exit, quit, shut down?
Non-obvious design
Fine distinctions
Disparity in problem-solving strategies
provide error preventing
6. Design inconsistency
save VS keep
not legal VS not valid

Fakultas Informatika IT Telkom

Understand the human

characteristics important in design

Perception
Memory
Sensory storage
Visual Acuity
Foveal and Peripheral Vision
Information Process
Mental Models
Movement Control
Learning
Skill
Performance Load
Individual Differences
Fakultas Informatika IT Telkom

Understand how people interact

with computers..
Responses to Poor Design
Typical psychological responses are :
Confusion, Annoyance, Frustration, Panic / stress,
Boredom

Physical reactions :
Abandonment of the system.
Partial use of the system.
Indirect use of the system.
Modification of the task.
Compensatory activity.
Misuse of the system.
Direct programming.

Fakultas Informatika IT Telkom

Design to reduce user memory

loads
Presenting information in an organized,
structured, familiar, and meaningful way.
Giving the user control the information presented.
Placing all required information for task
performance in close physical proximity.
Placing important items at the beginning or end of
listing learned faster and recalled better.
Placing information that must be compared in
close proximity.
Not requiring people to perform other tasks.
Making important items unique or distinctive.
Highlighting key elements is one way to do this.

Fakultas Informatika IT Telkom

9/7/2010

Human Considerations in the

Design of Business Systems

The
The
The
The

Users
Users
Users
Users

Knowledge and Experience

Tasks and Needs
Psychological Characteristics
Physical Characteristics

Identify the users level of knowledge

and experience.
KNOWLEDGE/EXPERIENCE
Computer Literacy

Highly technical or experienced, moderate

computer experience, or none.

System Experience

High, moderate, or low knowledge of a particular

system and its methods of interaction.

Application Experience

High, moderate, or low knowledge of similar systems.

Task Experience

Level of knowledge of job and job tasks.

Other Systems Use

Frequent or infrequent use of other systems in doing

job.

Education

High school, college, or advanced degree.

Reading Level

Less than 5th grade, 5th12th, more than 12th grade.

Typing Skill

Expert (135 WPM), skilled (90 WPM), good (55 WPM),

average (40 WPM), or hunt and peck (10 WPM).

Native Language or Culture

Fakultas Informatika IT Telkom

Identify the characteristics of the

users needs, tasks, and jobs.

English, another, or several.

Fakultas Informatika IT Telkom

Identify the users psychological

characteristics.

JOB / TASK / NEED

Type of System Use

Mandatory or discretionary use of the system.

Frequency of Use

Continual, frequent, occasional, or once-in-a-lifetime use of

system.

PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Attitude

Positive, neutral, or negative feeling toward job or system.

Motivation

Low, moderate, or high due to interest or fear.

Task or Need
Importance

High, moderate, or low importance of the task being performed.

Task Structure

Repetitiveness or predictability of tasks being automated, high,

moderate, or low.

Patience

Patience or impatience expected in accomplishing goal.

Social Interactions

Verbal communication with another person required/not required.

Expectations

Kinds and reasonableness.

Primary Training

Extensive or formal training, self-training through manuals, or

no training.

Stress Level

High, some, or no stress generally resulting from task

performance.

Turnover Rate

High, moderate, or low turnover rate for jobholders.

Cognitive Style

Verbal or spatial, analytic or intuitive, concrete or abstract

Job Category

Executive, manager, professional, secretary, clerk.

Lifestyle

For Web e-commerce systems, includes hobbies, recreational

pursuits, and economic status.

Fakultas Informatika IT Telkom

Fakultas Informatika IT Telkom

9/7/2010

Identify the users physical

characteristics.
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Age

Young, middle aged, or elderly.

Gender

Male or female.

Handedness

Left, right, or ambidextrous.

Disabilities

Blind, defective vision, deafness, motor handicap.

Fakultas Informatika IT Telkom

Employ recommended methods for

gaining understanding of users
Visit user locations, particularly if they are
unfamiliar to you, to gain an understanding of the
users work environment.
Talk with users about their problems,
difficulties, wishes, and what works well now.
Establish direct contact; avoid relying on
intermediaries.
Observe users working or performing a task to
see what they do, their difficulties, and their
problems.
Videotape users working or performing a task to
illustrate and study problems and difficulties.

Fakultas Informatika IT Telkom

Employ recommended methods for

gaining understanding of users
Learn about the work organization where the
system may be installed.
Have users think aloud as they do something to
uncover details that may not otherwise be
solicited.
Try the job yourself. It may expose difficulties
that are not known or expressed by users.
Prepare surveys and questionnaires to obtain
a larger sample of user opinions.
Establish testable behavioral target goals to
give management a measure for what progress
has been made and what is still required.

Fakultas Informatika IT Telkom