Introduction

Dr. Amr Elsayed

The Computer and Peripherals

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Data Flow inside the PC

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The Motherboard

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Grabhics Adapters and Monitors

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Drive Controllers, Floppy and

Hard Disk Drives

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Drive Controllers, Floppy and

Hard Disk Drives

IDE

EIDE

SCSI

SATA

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IDE

IDE (Integrated Disk Electronics)


An IDE interface cable has two plugs and can be

attached to two devices.

The first device acts as the master, and the second

device acts as a slave.

This interface is busy if either device is processing a

request, so activity on one device blocks access to
the other.

It will generally be necessary when adding a new disk

to a system to set a switch or connector on the disk to
indicate if it is to function as master or slave.
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EIDE

Extended IDE (EIDE)





An EIDE interface chip can support four devices, but it

has two interface cables each connecting two
devices.
The EIDE chip looks and acts like two IDE chips.

An old IDE disk can be connected to a new EIDE

connector.

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SCSI

SCSI (For Servers and Power Users)



Usual 50 wire cable.

Supports up to 7 devices per host adapter. This saves

slots, IRQ's, DMA channels and, as you add devices,
money.

Supports different types of devices simultaneously the

same host adapter (hard drives, tape drives,
CDROMs, scanners, etc).
Automatically configures device type, geometry (size),
speed and even manufacturer/model number

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SATA

Serial ATA (SATA)


Serial ATA is an evolution of the Parallel ATA

physical storage interface.

Serial ATA is a serial link - a single cable with a

minimum of four wires creates a point-to-point
connection between devices.

Transfer rates for Serial ATA begin at 150MB/s.

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Parallel Interfaces and Printers

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Parallel Interfaces and Printers

The maximum distance between the PC and printer is
limited to about 5 m.

The data is exchanged via handshaking,

handshaking that is, the
receiver confirms the reception of every data byte, and a
clock signal (strobe) is transmitted together with the data
signals.

The printer accepts the transmitted data and prints the
corresponding text or graphics.

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Serial Interfaces and Modems

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Serial Interfaces and Modems

Serial Interface (communications inferface, COM)
COM

Much longer distances compared to the parallel interface

are possible (up
up to 100m
100m without signal amplification).

The central component is a so-called UART (Universal

Universal
Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter ).

This stream is transmitted via a single data line, not eight.

A data packet consisting of eight data bits and the

additional UART control bits is thus formed (start
start,
start stop
and parity bits)
bits

The number of signal changes per second is called the
baud rate.
rate

The parity bit serves as a simple validity check for the

transmitted data.

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Network Adapters and LANs

It converts the data sent by the computer into a form which can be
used by the network cable, transfers that data to another computer
and controls the dataflow between the computer and cable.

It also translates the data coming from the cable into bytes so that
the computer's CPU can read it.

Each cart has a unique address, called a MAC address,
address

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CMOS RAM and RealReal-time Clock

It stores



Configuration data (Booting sequence, etc)

The time and data

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Keyboard

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Mice and other Rodents

Ball mice

Optical mice

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The Power Supply

The usual supply voltages in a PC are 5V and
12V
12V

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Operating System, BIOS and

Memory Organization

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