English 1971-1996

FEDERAL GOVT.
GRADES 16 & 17 RECRUITMENT

COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION 1971
ENGLISH (Prcis and Composition)
Time allowed: 3 hours,
Maximum marks: 100
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1. Make a Prcis of following passage in about 250 words:

The essence of poetry is that it deals with events which concern a large number of people and
can be grasped not as immediate personal experience but as matter known largely from heresy
and presented in simplified and often abstract forms. it is thus the antithesis of all poetry which
deals with the special, individual activity of the self and tries to present this as specially and as
individually as it can. The poet who deals with public themes may himself be affected, even
deeply, by contemporary events at some point in his own being, but to see them in their breadth
and depth he must rely largely on what he hears from other men and from mass instruments of
communication. From the start his impulse to write about them is different from any impulse to
write about his own affairs. It may be just as strong and just as compelling, but it is not of the
same kind. He has to give his own version of something which millions of others may share with
him, and however individual he may wish to be, he cannot avoid relying to a large extent on
much that he knows only from second hand.
Fundamentally this may not matter, for after all what else did Shakespeare do: but the
political poet does not construct an imaginary past, he attempts to grasp and interpret a vast
present. Between him and his subject there is a gap which he can never completely cross, and all
his attempts to make events part of himself must be to some extent hampered by recalcitrant
elements in them, which he does not understand or cannot assimilate or find irrelevant to his
creative task. in such poetry selection which is indispensable to all art, has to be made from an
unusually large field of possibilities and guided by an exacting sense of what really matters and
what does not. On one side he may try to include too much and lose himself in issues where be is
not imaginatively at home, on the other side he may see some huge event merely from a private
angle which teed not meab much to others. Political poetry oscillates between these extremes,
and its history in our time has been largely attempts to make the best of one or the other of them
or to see what compromises can be made between them.
2. Rewrite the following poem in simple prose and them comment on the different between the
poetic achievement in the poem and the literal rendering in prose made by you:
War is not a life, it is a situation,
One which may neither be ignored or accepted
A problem to be met with ambush and stratagem,
Enveloped or scattered
The induring is not a substitute for the transient
Neither one for the other. But the abstract conception
Of private experience as its greatest intensity
Becoming universal, which we call poetry
May be affirmed in verse.
3. a) Use the following words in at least two senses, either as a verb or as a noun or as an
adjective or as both:
Clear, Face, Energy, Value, Build.
b) Use the following idiomatic expressions in illustrative sentences:
Carry out, Taken over, Bring about, Beat out, Bear with.
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4. The unity of a country depends on the historical consciousness of its people of a common
past, but it depends more on the acceptance by people of common value-system on which their
culture is based. Discuss. OR
Suggest ways and means of removing bitterness and improving good relationship between
East and West Pakistan.
5. Analyse the causes of Youth Rebellion in the world today and suggest ways and means of
removing those causes.
OR
West is West and East is East
And Never the twain shall meet?
(Kipling)
Write an imaginary conversation between Kipling and a highly modernised Pakistani who
has seen how modem technologically oriented Western Civilization completely changing the
altitude of a modern man.
EXAMINATION 1972
ENGLISH (Prcis & Composition)
Time allowed: 3 hours
Maximum marks: 100
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1. Make a Prcis of the following passage in about 250 words:

Up to a point the Second German War resembled the first. Each began with a German bid for
power which almost succeeded in spite of the opposition of France and Great Britain. In each the
United States came to the rescue after year of neutrality. Each ended with a German defeat. But
the differences were easier to see than the resemblances. The powers were differently grouped:
Italy and Japan were on the German side, Russia was neutral until the Germans attacked
across what had been, to begin with, Poland and Baltic States. The second war lasted even longer
than the other. It pressed harder on the civilian population. After a period of restraint, perhaps,
intended to conciliate American opinion, both sides dropped bombs from the air, without respect
for the nature of the targets, wherever the officers concerned expected to cause the greatest
effect. In Great Britain 60,000 civilians were killed. Though the Island was not invaded, the
population was more directly involved than it was in any former war. Children and others were
evacuated from towns into the country. Food supplies ran so short that, at the worst, even
potatoes were rationed. Of all the states opposed to Germany, Great Britain was the only one
which fought throughout the war. The resources of the nation were concentrated in the war effort
more completely than those of any other nation on either side. Labour for women as well as men,
became compulsory. Nevertheless, once the war reached its full severity in the west, eight
months after it was declared, there was less disunion between classes and interests than in any
other five years within living memory. Fighting spread all over the world. The Pacific was as
vital a theatre as Europe. Scientists, especially Physicists, made revolutionary discoveries during
the war, not only in the fields of weapons and defence against them, but in supply, transport, and
control in action. Strange to say the fight services suffered fewer casualties than in 1914-18:
300,000 of the armed forces and 35,000 of the navy were killed. There was nothing like the
trench warfare offormer war, though there was almost every other sort of warfare, from
mechanized war of movement in the North African desert to hand to hand jungle fighting in
Burma. Both sides experimented and built up stocks for gas warfare and biological warfare, but
neither side used them. (George Clark: English History: a survey)
2. Rewrite the following poem in simple prose and then comment on the difference between the
poetic achievement in the poem and the literal rendering in prose made by you:
The force that through the green fuse drives the flower
Drives my green age. that blasts the roots of trees.
Is my destroyer.
And I am dumb to tell the crooked rose.
My youth is bent by the same wintry fever.
The force that drives the water through the rocks.
Drives my red blood, that drives the mouthing streams,
Turns mine to max.
And I am dumb to mouth unto my veins.
How at the mountain spring the same mouth sucks.
The hand that whirls the water in the pool.
Stirs the quicksand, that ropes the blowing wind,
Hauls my shroud sail.

And I am dumb to tell the hanging man,
How of my clay is make the hangmans lime.
The lips of time leech to the fountain head.
Love drips and gathers, but the fallen blood,
Small calm her sores.
And! am dumb to tell a weathers wind,
How time has ticked a heaven round the stars.
And lam dumb to tell the lovers tomb,
How at my sheet goes the same crooked worm.
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(Dylan Thomas)
3. a) Distinguish between the meaning of the words in the following pairs, and use them in
illustrative sentences:
Consciousness, conscientiousness: ingenious, ingenuous, fantastic, fanatical, honourable,
honorary, politician, statesman.
b) Use the following expressions in sentences to bring out their meanings:
To fall back on something, to fall through, on right earnest, vested interests, meaningful
dialogue.
4. Write a dialogue between a CSP officer and a young man aspiring to become one on how to
improve civil administration in Pakistan. OR
a) Religion is the only force that can keep our people together.
b) But it seems to have failed to do so in our country. Continue the discussion.
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5. List, with brief amplification, what you regard as the five most serious problems before the
Government of Pakistan. OR
In the opinion of this house Regionalism is greatest hindrance in the way of our national
progress.
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Write a speech for or against the above mentioned.
EXAMINATION 1973
Maximum marks: 100
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As a kind of foot-note I should comment that there are those who doubt whether it is within
the power of science to ensure over a prolonged period freedom from destitution and famine for
mankind. The argument -is the old one of Maithus, that in the race between increasing
population and increasing production, population must eventually win. Those of us who decline
to accept this pessimistic view recognize the difficulty of the practical problem of meeting the
needs of an ever-expanding population. We have, however, greater faith in human
resourcefulness. We note that it is not only in the technology of production and medicine that the
present generation differs so greatly from the one before. A similar rapid change is likewise
occurring the thinking of masses of people. This change is brought about partly by experience
with technology by more widespread education. Here lies a new realm in which dramatic
advance is being made. The hope for the longer future lies in a growing understanding of the
conditions for the good life of man in a world of science and technology, and the acceptance of a
morality that is consistent with these conditions. With the widespread thought now being given
to such problems by persons whose thinking is schooled to rely on reason and tested fact. It is
evident that advance from this angle will also appear. Youth may, for example, consider the
seremarks as an effort to see in iruer perspective the type of ideals that are appropriate to the age
of science. Many are those who are now sharing to this exploration of human values.
The great question is whether such understanding of human goals and the corresponding
development of morals can be achieved before the forces seen by Maithus, and emphasized so
forcefully by recent writers, overwhelm the efforts of the pioneers in this new and critical field. I
do not believe that this is inevitable. Jam confident of mans ability to meet and solve this ethical
problem that is so vital to the success of his effort to achieve physical and spiritual freedom.
It is relevant that as I analyse the reasons for my faith in mans eventual ability to meet this
critical problem. I find that prominent in my mind is the confidence that God who made us holds
for us an increasing density, to be achieved through our own efforts in the world setting that he
supplies. This observation is significant in the present setting because it is my strong impression
that most of those who have the firm faith in mans advancement likewise have a religious basis
for their faith. If this impression is valid its consequence is clear. It means that it is men and
women of religious faith on whom we must primarily rely to work strongly toward achieving a
favourable world society. It means also that those of religious faith because of their faith have a
better chance of survival, a fact that has a bearing on the attitude that may be expected in the
society of the future.
2. Render the following poem in simple prose and comment on the difference in the effective
use of language between the poem and its prose version by you.
TO DAFFODILS
Fair daffodils, we weep to see
You haste away so soon,
As yet the early rising sun
Has not attained his noon.
Stay, stay,
Until the hasting day
Has run
But to the even-song,
And having prayed together, we
Will go with you along.
We have short time to stay, as you,
We have as short a spring,
As quick a growth to meet decay,
As you, or anything,
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We die,
As your hours do, and dry
Away
Like to summers rain

Or as the pearls of morning dew, Ne'er to be found again.
(Robert Hemck)
3. a) Each of the following words has more than one meaning. Choose any five of them and by
using them in at least two sentences each indicates what these different meanings arc:
Report, ruler, point, wear, glasses, vessel, stage, spirit.
b) Use any five of the following idiomatic expressions in your own sentences to illustrate
their meaning:
Turn to account: to beat the air, to break a lance with, to foul of, to keep open house, to put
out of countenance, got up to kill, to have a finger in the pie.
4. "It is my invincible belief that science and peace will triumph over ignorance and war, that
notions will eventually unite not destroy but build, and that the future will belong to those who
will have done most for suffering humanity.
(Louis Pasteur)
Expand this in a paragraph of about 120 words giving examples and arguments in support of
Pasteurs belief. OR
Suggest what the people of this country can do themselves to remedy social evils.
5. Asghar is now twenty-two, she tells her husband, Its time you thought of his marriage
lest the boy starts keeping bad company. Mir Nihat clears his throat and says:
Yes, I was going to speak to you about him myself. Has he gone to sleep? No. He went out
after dinner and has no come back yet
(Ahmad All: Twilight in Delhi)
Develop this conversation between Mir Nihal and Begum Nihal about their son Asghar and
his marriage in order to give an impression of the customs and manners of Muslims in Indo-Pak
sub-continent. OR
Write a critical review of the marriage customs of your region or tribe or family, etc.
EXAMINATION 1974
Maximum marks: 100
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Man is pie-eminently an animal good a gadgets. However, there is reason for doubting his
good judgment in their utilization.
Perhaps the first chemical process which man employed for his own service was combustion.
First utilized to warm naked and chilled bodies, it was then discovered to be effective for scaring
off nocturnal beasts of prey and an admirable agent for the preparation and preservation of food.
Much later came the discovery that fire could be used in extracting and working metals and last
of all that it could be employed to generate power. En ancient times man began to use fire as a
weapon, beginning with incendiary torches and arrow and proceeding to explosives, which have
been developed principally for the destruction of human beings and their works.
In the control and utilization of gases, the achievements of our species have not been
commendable. One might begin with air, which man breathes in common with other terrestrial
vertebrates. He differs from other animals in that he seems incapable of selecting the right kind
of air for breathing. Man is for ever doing things which foul the air and poisoning himself by his
own stupidity. He pens himself up in a limited air space and suffocates, he manufactures noxious
gases which accidentally or intentionally displace the air and remove him from the ranks of the
living, he has been completely unable to filter the air of the disease germs, which he breathes to
his detriment, he and all his works are powerless to prevent a hurricane or to withstand its force.
Man has indeed been able to utilize the power of moving air currents to a limited extent and to
imitate the flight of birds, with the certainty of eventually breaking his neck if he tries it.
Man uses water much in the same way as other animals, ho has to drink it constantly, washes
in it frequently, and drowns it occasionally probably oftener than other terrestrial vertebrates.
Without water, he dies as miserably as any other beast and with too much of it, as in floods, he is
equally unable to cope. However, he excels other animals in that he has learned to utilize water
power.
But it is rather mans lack of judgment in the exercise of control of natural resources which
would disgust critics of higher intelligence, although it would not surprise the apes. Man
observes that the wood of trees is serviceable for constructing habitation and other buildings. He
straightaway and recklessly denudes the earth of forests. in so far as he is able. He finds that the
meat and skins of the bison are valuable and immediately goes to work to exterminate the bison.
He allows his grazing animals to strip the turf from the soil so that it is blown away and fertile
places become deserts. He clears for cultivation and exhausts the rich land by stupid planting. He
goes into wholesale production of food, cereals, fruits and livestock and allows the fruits of his
labour to rot or to starve because he has not provided any adequate method of distributing them
or because no one can pay for them. He invents machines which do the work of many men, and
is perplexed by the many men who are out of work. It would be hard to convince judges of
human conduct that man is not an economic fool.
2. Write a prose versions of the following poem in simple English and then comment on the
difference in the language of both the poem and its prose version:
Without that once clear aim, the path of flight
To follow for a life-time through white air,
This century chokes me under roots of might,
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I suffer like history in Dark Ages, where

Truth lies in dungeons, from which drifts on whisper,
We hear of towers long broken off from sight
And tortures and war, in dark and smoky rumour,
But on mans buried lives there falls no light.
Watch me who walks through coiling streets where rain
And fog down every cry and corners of day
Road drills explore new areas of pain,
Nor summer nor light may reach down here to play.
The city builds its horror in my brain,
This writing is my only wings away.
3. a) Distinguish between the meaning of the words in the following pairs, and use them in
sentences to illustrate:
Grateful, gratified, imaginary, imaginative, negligent, negligible, placable, placeable, restive,
restless.
b) Use any five of the following idioms in your own sentences to illustrate their meaning:
When all is said and done, and axe to grind, turn anew leaf, burn the candle at both ends,
leave in the lurca, goes without saying, like a red rag to a bull, not a leg to stand on, under the
thumb of, the writing on the wall.
4. Develop the following quotation into a paragraph of about 120 words:
"The worst sin towards our fellow creatures is not to hate them, but to be indifferent to them,
thats the essence of humanity.
(GB. Shaw in The Devils Disciple. Act II) OR
Give a brief but complete statement of your ideals and dreams of life in simple English.
5. List, with some amplification the steps that the Government of Pakistan should take in order
to check inflation and rising prices in the country.
OR
Compose a short speech for a Forum on international understanding and goodwill.
EXAMINATION 1975
Maximum marks: 100
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1. Make a Prcis of the following passage in about 200 words: -What virtues must we require
of a man to whom we entrust directing of our affairs?
Above all, a sense of what is possible. In politics it is useless to formulate great and noble
projects if, due to the existing state of the country, they cannot be accomplished. The impulses of
a free people are at all times a parallelogram of forces. The great statesman realizes precisely
what these forces are and says to himself without ever being seriously mistaken: "I can go just so
far and no farther. He does not allow himself to favour one class, foreseeing the inevitable
reactions of the neglected groups. A prudent doctor does not cure his patient of a passing
complaint with a remedy that produces a permanent disease of the liver, and a judicious
statesman neither appeases the working class at the risk of angering the bourgeoisie, nor does he
indulge the bourgeoisie at the expense of the working class. He endeavours to regard the nation
as a great living body whose organs are interdependent. He takes the temperature of public
opinion every day, and if the fever increases he sees to it that the country rests.
Though he may fully appreciate the power of public opinion, a forceful and clever statesman
realizes that he can influence it fairly easily. He has calculated the peoples power to remain
indifferent to his efforts, they have their moment of violence, and their angry protests are
legitimate if the Government brings poverty on them, takes away their traditional liberty, or
seriously interferes with their home life. But they will allow themselves to be led by a man who
knows where he is going and who shows them clearly that he has the nations interest at heart
and that they may have confidence in him.
The sense of what is possible is not only the ability to recognize that certain things are
impossible a negative virtue but also to know that, a- courageous man, things which appear
to be very difficult are in fact possible. A great statesman does not say to himself: This nation is
weak, but This nation is asleep: I shall wake it up. Laws and institutions are of the peoples
making, if necessary, I shall -change them. But above all, the determination to do something
must be followed by acts, not merely words. Mediocre politicians spend most of their time
devising schemes and preaching doctrines. They talk of structural reforms, they invent faultless
social systems and formulate plans for perpetual peace. In his public speeches the true statesman
knows how, if necessary, to make polite bows to new theories and to pronounce ritualistic
phrases for the benefit of those who guard temple gates, but he actually occupies himself by
taking care of the real needs of the nation. He endeavours to accomplish definite and precise
objectives in ways that seem best to him. If he finds obstacles in his path, he makes detours.
Vanity, intellectual pride, and a feeling for system are serious handicaps to the politician. Some
party leaders are ready to sacrifice the country for a theory or a set of principles. The true leader
says: Lettheprinciples go but I must save the nation.
2. Render the following poem in simple prose and comment on the difference in the effective
use of language between the poem and its prose version by you:
Since brass, nor stone, nor earth, nor boundless sea.
: But sad morality oer-sways their power,
How with this range shall beauty hold a plea.
O, how shall summers honey breath hold out
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Against the wreckful siege of battering days,

When rocks impregnable are not so stout,
Nor gates of steel so strong, but Time decays?
O, fearful meditation, where, alack
Shall tithes best Jewel from mes chest lie hid?
Or what strong hand can hold his swift foot back?
Or who his spoil of beauty can forbid?
O, none, unless this miracle have might,
That in black ink my Love may still shine bright.
3. a) Distinguish between the meaning of the words in the following pairs and use them in
sentences to indicate what these different meanings are:
Amiable, amicable, considerable, considerate, ingenuous, ingenious, momentary,
momentous, virtuous, virtual. b) Use any five of the following idioms in your own sentences to illustrate their meaning:
to sow ones wild oats, storm in a tea cup, to keep late hours :o throw cold water on, a cockand-bull story, to bear the brunt of, tied to apron-strings of, to move heaven and earth, to blow
ones own trumpet, to rest on ones laurels.
4. Develop the following quotation into a paragraph of about 120 words:
At critical moments in their history it is Islam that has saved Muslims and not vice versa.
OR
Write a complete character-sketch of the man or the woman who has impressed you the most
in your life.
5. Pakistan has yet to produce a scientist of international calibre. Pinpoint the factors which, in
your opinion, are responsible for this poor showing of ours in the field of science and suggest
concrete measures which the Government and our Universities should take to help Pakistani
scientists make solid contributions in their respective fields.
OR
Discuss in depth and entail what conditions are conducive to the growth of regionalism and
provincialism the two great menaces to national solidarity and how they can best be
eliminated.
EXAMINATION 1976
Maximum marks: 100
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1. Make a Prcis of the following extracts:

The present-day industrial establishment is a great distance removed from that of the
- last century or even of twenty-five years ago. This improvement has been the result of a variety
of forces-government standards and factory inspection: general technological and architectural
advance by substituting machine power for heavy or repetitive manual, labour, the need to
compete for a labour force: and union intervention to improve working conditions in addition to
wages and hours.
However, except where the improvement contributed to increased productivity, the effort to
make work more pleasant has had to support a large burden of proof. It was permissible to seek
the elimination of hazardous, unsanitary, unhealthful, or otherwise objectionable conditions of
work. The speedup might be resisted-to a point. But the test was not what was agreeable but
what was unhealthful or, at a minimum, excessively fatiguing. The trend toward increased leisure
is not reprehensible, but we resist vigorously the notion that a man should work less hard on the
job. Here older attitudes are involved. We are gravely suspicious of any tendency to expand less
than the maximum effort, for this has long been a prime economic virtue.
In strict logic there is as much to be said for making work pleasant agreeable as for
shortening hours. On the whole it is probably as important for a wage-earner to have pleasant
working conditions as a pleasant home. To a degree, he can escape the latter but not the former
though no doubt the line between an agreeable tempo and what is flagrant feather-bedding is
difficult to draw. Moreover it is a commonplace of the industrial scene that the dreariest and
most burdensome tasks, requiring as they do a minimum of thought and skill frequently have the
largest number of takers. The solution to this problem lies, as we shall see presently, in driving
up the supply of crude manpower at the bottom of the ladder. Nonetheless the basic point
remains, the case for more leisure is not stronger on purely prima facie grounds than the case for
making labour-time itself more agreeable. The test, it is worth repeating, is not the effect on
productivity. it is not seriously argued that the shorter work week increases productivity that men
produce more in fewer hours than they would in more. Rather it is whether fewer hours are
always to be preferred to more but pleasant ones. (20 marks) 2. a) Write a comment on-the major
idea of the following poem in about 50 words:
(10 marks)
b) Also write a short note on the language the poet has used in the poem.
(10 marks)
if we could get the hang of it entirely It would take too long,
All we know is the splash of words in passing
And falling twigs of song,
And when we try to on ves drop on the great
Presences it is rarely
That by a stroke of luck we are appropriate
Even a phrase entirely.
If we could find our happiness entirely
In somebody elses arms
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We should not fear the spears of the spring nor the citys
Yammering fire alarms
But, as it is, the spears each year go through
Our flesh and almost hourly
Bell or siren banishes the blue
Eyes of love entirely.
And if the world were black or white entirely.
And all the charts were plain
Instead of a mad weir of tigerish waters,
A prism of delight and pain,
We might be surer where we wished to go
Or again we might be merely
Bored but in brute reality there is no
Road that is right entirely.
3. a) Use live of the following pairs of words in your own sentences so as to bring out the
difference in their meaning:
Par, at a par, compliment, complement, Complacent, complaisant, state, government,
eminent, prominent, below, beneath, portly, comely, setup, set upon, shall, will, sink, drown.
(10 marks)
b) Use the following words, expressions and idioms in your own sentences so as to bring out
their meaning:
Trudge along, point-blank, in the doldrums, dole out, at cross purposes, check by jowl,
succinctly, hilarious detract from, plainsailing.
(10 marks)
4. Bring out in about 200 words the achicvcments of a great scientist or writer of the twentieth
century. OR
Write a letter to the editor of a newspaper commenting on the achievements of apolitical hero
of the modern times.
(20 marks)
5. Briefly discuss the role that Pakistan is playing vis-a-vis the Third World today. OR Write
about 200-300 words on the value of sports and game in an educational system,
with particular reference to Pakistan.
EXAMINATION 1977
Maximum marks: 100
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1. Write a Prcis of the following passage:

Those who regard the decay of civilisation as something quite normal and natural console
themselves with the thought that it is not civilisation, but a civilisation, which is falling a prey to
dissolution, that there will be a new age and a new race in which there will blossom a new
civilisation. But that is a mistake. The earth no longer has in reverse, as it had once, gifted
peoples as yet unused, who can relieve us and take our place in some distant future as the leaders
of our spiritual life. We already know all those that the earth has to dispose of.
There is not one among them which is not already taking such a part in our civilisation that
its spiritual fate is determined by our own. All of them, the gifted and the un-gifted, the distant
and the near, have felt the influence of those forces of barbarism which are yet working among
us. All of them are, like ourselves, diseased, and only as we--recover can they recover.
It is not the civilisation of a race, but that of mankind, present and future alike, that we
must give up as lost, if belief in the rebirth of our civilisation is a vain thing. But it need not be so
given up. If the ethical is the essential element in civilisation, decadence changes into
renaissance as on as ethical activities are set to work again in our convictions and in the ideas
which we undertake to stamp upon reality. The attempt to bring this about is well worth making,
and it should be world wide. It is true that the difficulties that have to be reckoned with in this
undertaking are so great that only the strongest faith in the power of the ethical spirit will let us
venture on it.
Again the renewal of civilisation is hindered by the fact that it is so exclusively the
individual personality which must be looked to as the agent in the new movement.
The renewal of civilisation has nothing to do with movements which bear the character of the
experiences of the crowd, these are never anything but reactions to external happenings.
But civilisation can only revive when there shall come into being in a number of individuals
a new tone of mind independent of the one prevalent among the crowd and in opposition to it, a
tone of mind which gradually win influence over the collective one, and in the end determine its
character. It is only an ethical movement which can rescue us from the slough of barbarism, and
the ethical comes into existence only in individuals.
The final decision as to what the future of a society shall be depends not only how near its
organisation is to perfection, but on the degrees of worthiness in its individual members.
The most important, and yet the least easily determinable, element in history is the series of
unobtrusive general changes which take place in the individual dispositions, and that is why it is
so difficult to understand thoroughly the men and events of past times. The character and worth
of individuals among the mass and the way they work themselves into membership of the whole
body, receiving influences from its and giving others back, we can even today only partially and
uncertainly understand.
One thing, however, is clear. Were the collective body works more strongly on the individual
than the latter does upon it, the result is deterioration because the noble element on which
everything depends, namely the spiritual and moral worthiness of the individual is thereby
necessarily constricted and hampered. Decay of the spiritual and moral life then sets in which
renders society incapable of understanding and solving the problems which it has to face.
Therefore sooner or later, it is involved in catastrophe, and that is why it is the duty of
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individuals to a higher conception of their capabilities and undertake the function which only the
individual can perform, that of producing new spiritual-ethical ideas. If this does not come about
many times over nothing can save us. (20 marks)
2. a) Read the following poem carefully and paraphrase it in modem English prose:
(10 marks)
b) Write a brief criticism of the poem. (10 marks)
Mortality, behold and fear,
What a change of flesh is here!
Think how many royal bones
Sleep within these heaps of stones,
Here they lie, had realms and lands,
Who now want strength to stir their hands.
Wherefrom their pulpits seal'd with dust
They preach, In greatness is no trust.
Heres an acre sown indeed
With the richest royallest seed
That the earth did eer suck in
Since the first-man died for sin.
Here the bones of birth have cried
Though gods they were, as men they died!
Here are sands, ignoble things,
Dropt from the ruind sides of Kings:
Heres a world of pomp and state
Buried in dust, once dead by fate.
3. a) Use any five of the following pairs of words in sentences to bring out clearly their
difference in meaning: Altar, alter, apposite, opposite, bear, bare, complacent,
complaisant, confident, confidant, disease, decease, gate, gait, judicial, judicious,
ingenious, ingenuous, yoke, yolk.
(10 marks)
b) Use any five of the following expressions in your own sentences to illustrate their
meaning:
To bear the brunt of, To call a spade a spade, To fight shy of, To cry over the spilt milk,
To burn the candle at both ends, To rob peter to pay Paul, To take the bull by the horns, Playing
to the gallery, Holding out the olive branch, To make out. (10 marks)
1. Write a letter to your local newspaper, complaining of some local nuisance and making some
positive recommendations.
(Please make sure that Name, Roll No. etc. is not given in the letter) OR Write a description
(of about 200 words) of a rural or urban scene with which you are familiar.
(20 marks)
5. Briefly discuss The Role of the University in Economic Development. OR Discuss in
about 250 words. One of the following topics:
a) How free is the Press?
b) The lure of fashion. -
(20 marks)
EXAMINATION 1978
Maximum marks: 100
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1. Make a Prcis of the following passage and suggest a suitable title; - 20 "I was a firm
believer in democracy, whereas he (D. H. Lawrence) had developed the
whole philosophy of Fascism before the politicians had thought of it. I dont believe,-he wrote,
in democratic control. I think the working man is fit to elect governors or overseers for his
immediate circumstances, but for no more. You must utterly revise the electorate: The working
man shall elect superiors for the things that concern him immediately, no more. From the other
classes, as they rise, shall be elected the higher governors. The thing must culminate in one real
head, as every organic thing must-no foolish republics with no foolish presidents, but an elected
king, something like Julius Caesar, He, of a course, in his imagination, supposed that when a
dictatorship was established he would be the Julius Caesar. This was the part of the dream-like
quality of all his thinking. He never let himself bump into reality. He would go into long tirades
about how one must proclaim the truth to the multitude, and he seemed to have no doubt that
multitude would listen. Would he put his political philosophy into a book? No in our corrupt
society the written word is always a lie. Would he go in Hyde Park-and proclaim the Truth
from a soap box? No: That would be far too dangerous (odd streaks of prudence emerged in him
from time to time). Well, I said, what would you do? At this point he would change the subject
Gradually I discovered that he had no real wish to make the world better, but only to indulge
in eloquent Soliloquy about how had it was. If anybody heard the soliloquies so much the better,
but they were designed at most to produce a little faithful band of disciples who could sit in the
deserts of New Mexico and feel holy. All this was conveyed to me in the language of a Fascist
dictator as what I must preach, the must having thirteen underlining.
(Lord Russell)
-2. "I will arise and go now, and go to Innisfree,
And a small cabin built there, of clay and wattles made,
Nine beam rows will I have there, a hive of the honey bee,
And live alone in bee loud glade. And I shall have some peace there, for peace conies
dropping slow.
Dropping from the veils of the morning to where the crickets sing,
There midnights all a-glimmer, and noon a purple glow,
And even in full of the linnet's wings.
I will arise and go now, for always night and day
I hear lake water lapping with low sounds by the shore, While I stand on the roadway, or on the pavements gray,
I hear it in the deep hearts core.
i) Using about 50 words, bring out he reason why the poet wants to go Innisfree and what
he intends to do there.
10 ii) Critically comment on the main idea and language of the poem. 10
3. a) Use five of the following pairs of words in your own sentences so as to bring
their meaning:
Affection, affectation, urban, urbane,
official, officious,
beside, besides,
out
casual, causal,
pour, pore.
humiliation, humility, wreck, reak,
bare, bear,
temporal, temporary,
b) Use the following expressions and idioms in your own sentences so as to bring out their
meaning:
The acid test, A bad hat,
In a blue funk,
Set ones cap Down at heel, To die in harness, Dead as doornail,
To raise coin, To strike ones colours
To carry the day.
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4. Write a short story of about 200 words illustrating the moral, A fool may learn a wise man
wit. OR
Write a letter to a foreign pen-friend giving him a few reasons why Muslims demanded
Pakistan.
(20 marks)
5. Discuss the statement that the vacuum of values which we are experiencing today has
come about because those who should have protected the values have surrendered without
a struggle. OR
Write a note on the deteriorating standards of Education in our country. Suggest some
remedies.
(20 marks)
EXAMINATION 1979
Maximum marks: 100
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I. Write a Prcis of the following passage and assign a suitable heading to it:
Probably the only protection for contemporary man is to discover how to use his intelligence
in the service of love and kindness. The training of human intelligence must include the
simultaneous development of the empathic capacity. Only in this way can intelligence be made
an instrument of social morality and responsibility and thereby increase the chances of
survival.
The need to produce human beings with trained morally sensitive intelligence is essentially a
challenge to educators and educational institutions. Traditionally, the realm of social morality
was left to religion and the churches as guardians or custodians. But their failure to fulfill this
responsibility and their yielding to the seductive lures of the men of wealth and! pomp and power
and documented by the history of the last two thousand years and have now resulted in the
irrelevant God Is Dead theological rhetoric The more pragmatic men of power have had no
time or inclination to deal with the fundamental problems of social morality. For them simplistic
Machiavellianism must remain the guiding principle of their decisions-power is morality,
morality is power. This oversimplification increases the chances of nuclear devastation. We must
therefore hope that educators and educational institutions have the capacity, the commitment and
the time to instill moral sensitivity as an integral part of the complex pattern of function human
intelligence. Some way must be found in the training of human beings to give them the assurance
to love, the security to be kind. and the integrity required for a functional empathy.
2. Paraphrase the following poem and critically examine its theme:
The quality of mercy is not strained:
It droppeth as the gentle rain from the Heaven
Upon the place beneath, it is twice blest,
It blesscth him that gives and him that takes,
This mightiest in the mightiest, it becomes
The throned monarch better than his crown,
His sceptre shows the force of temporal power,
The attribute to awe and majesty,
Wherein doth sit the dread and fear of Kings,
But mercy is above the sceptred sway,
it is enthroned in the hearts of kings,
It is an attribute to God Himself,
And earthly power doth then show likest Gods When mercy seasons justice.
3. Use any five of the following pairs of words in your own sentences so as to bring out their
meanings:
a) Cession, Session
Canon, Cannon
Barbarism, Barbarity Artist, Artisan
Antic, Antique
Illusion, Allusion
Aspire, Expire
Collision, Collusion
Counsel, Council
Expedient, Expeditious.
b) Use any five of the following expressions and idioms in your own sentences so as
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to bring out their meanings:

Taken down at peg, To monkey with, In hot water, Petticoat Government, To pull
oneself together, To rise from the ranks, To rub shoulders.
4. Would you rather have the kind of society where students were so indifferent that they lacked
interest in politics or the society in which they show independence to differ with the Administration?
OR
Life is tragedy to those who feel and comedy to those who think. Comment. In reviving stale
philosophies of the East and romanticizing its past, the West is helping to perpetuate Eastern
backwardness. Comment on this statement.
OR
I am his Majestys dog at Kew.
Pray tell me, whose dog are you?
(Alexander Pope)
Comment on the psychological implications of this query.
EXAMINATION 1980
Maximum marks: 100
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I. Summarize the following passage, tracing the main arguments and reducing it about
one-third of its present length:
(20)
The attention we give to terrorism often seems disproportionate to its real importance.
Terrorism incidents make superb copy for journalists, but kill and main fewer people than road
accidents. Nor is terrorism politically effective. Empires rise and fall according to the real
determinants of politics namely overwhelming force or strong popular support-not according
to a bit of mayhem caused by isolated fanatics whom one would take seriously enough to vote
for it. Indeed, the very variety of incidents that might be described as terrorism has been such
as to lead critics to suggest that no single subject for investigation exists at all. Might we not
regard terrorism as a kind of minor blotch on the skin of an industrial civilization whose very
heart is filled with violent dreams and aspirations. Who would call in the dermatologist when the
heart itself is sick.
But popular opinion takes terrorism very serious indeed and popular opinion is probably
right. For the significance of terrorism lies not only in the grotesque nastiness of terroristic
outrages but also in the moral claims they imply. Terrorism is the most dramatic
exemplification of the moral fault of blind willfulness. Terrorism is a solipsistic denial of the
obligation of self-control we all must recognise when we live in civilized communities.
Certainly the sovereign high road to misunderstanding terrorism is the pseudo scientific
project of attempting to discover its causes. Terrorists themselves talk of the frustrations which
have supposedly necessitated their actions but to transform these facile justifications into
scientific hypotheses is to succumb to the terrorists own fantasies. To kill and main people is a
choice people make, and glib invocations of necessity are baseless. Other people living in the
same situation see no such necessity at all. Hence their are no causes of terrorism, only
decision to terrorize. It is a moral phenomenon and only a moral discussion can be adequate to it.
2. Had he and l but met By some old ancient inn, We should have sat us down to wet Right
many a napperkin!
But ranged as infantry, And staring face to face, I shot him as he at me -And killed him at
his place. "I shot him dead because Because he was my foe, Just so: my foe of course he
was, Thats clear enough, although.
He though hed lit, perhaps

Off-hand like-just as L.
Was out of work had sold his traps
No Other reason why.
Yes, quaint and currious was is!

You shoot a fellow down -Youd treat if met where any bar is, Or help to half-a-crown. -i) What thought troubles the speaker? What is his reflected opinion about his deed in
wartime? Why did he feel differently during the war?
ii) Do you think that the poem expresses an ideacommon to soldiers in all war? What is that
idea?
3. a) Write brief definitions of the following ten words:

i) munificent, ii) rapacious, iii) jeopardize, iv) fatuous, v) edify, vi) esoteric, vii) impasse,
viii) incongruous, ix) docile, x) repercussions.
-OR
b) Bring out the meaning of any five of the following in appropriate sentences:
i) Pocket the affront ii) thin end of the wedge
iii) flash in the pan
iv) to keep at a respectful distance
v) atones beck and call
vi) go against the grain vii) bring grist to the mill
viii) upset the apple cart ix) hoist on one's own pctard x) live on the fat of the land.
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4. a) Below are five sentences each containing a common grammatical error. Make the
necessary corrections:
20
i) Where was a very different atmosphere in the town tins morning than there was
yesterday.
ii) Every one must decide for themselves what to do about it.
iii) I shouldnt be surprised if he doesnt turn up tomorrow.
iv) Neither Farooq or Akbar are going to the wedding lunch on Saturday.
v) I compared his essay to Mushtaqs and found them to be almost identical.
OR
- b) Correct the spelling of the following ten words:
i) occurance
ii) esctacy
iii) drunkeness
iv) irrisistible
v) supercede
vi) embarrasing
vii) dissapoint
viii) occasional
ix) indespensible
x) preserverance.
5. Write a brief essay on one of the following:
a) A great part of the mischiefs of the world arise from words.
b) Democracy and Human Dignity
c) The Third World
d) Freedom of speech
e) The most important thing is not to find, but to add to ourselves what we find.
OR
Write a short speech for a symposium on the Dilemma or Youth.
EXAMINATION 1981
Maximum marks: 100
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1. Write a Prcis of the following passage and suggest a suitable title: - 20 An important part of
management is the making of rules. As a means of regulating the
functioning of an organisation so that most routine matters are resolved without referring each
issue to the manager they are an essential contribution to efficiency. The mere presence of
carefully considered rules has the double-edged advantage of enabling workers to know how far
they can go, what is expected of them and what channels of action to adopt on the one side, and,
on the other, of preventing the management from the behaving in a capricious manner. The body
of rules fixed by the company for itself acts as its constitution, which is binding both on
employees and employers, however, it must be remembered that rules are made for people, not
people for rules. If conditions and needs change rules ought to change with them. Nothing is
sadder than the mindless application of rules which are out-date and irrelevant. An organisation
suffers from mediocrity if it is too rule-bound. People working in will do the minimum possible.
It is called working to rule or just doing enough to ensure that rules are not broken. But this
really represents the lowest level of the employer/employee relationship and an organisation
afflicted by this is in an unhappy condition indeed. Another important point in rule-making is to
ensure that they are rules which can be followed. Some rules are so absurd that although
everyone pays lip-service to them, no one really bothers to follow them. Often the management
knows this but can do nothing about it. The danger of this is, if a level of disrespect for one rule
is created this might lead to an attitude of disrespect for all rules. One should take it for granted
that nobody likes rules, nobody wants to be restricted by them, and, given a chance, riots people
will try and break them. Rules which cannot be followed are not only pointless, they are actually
damaging to the structure of the
organization.
2. Critically examine the following passage:
20
Some societies have experimented with eliminating the middleman. Prices can certainly be
controlled better if the government acts as the middleman, because, after all, goods have to be
lifted and transported to the other parts of the country. But governments are not usually very
efficient or quick in these matters. Nor are they economical a lot of file-and-paperwork
involving a lot of people adds up to a lot of indirect expense. Although in theory it ought to be
possible to reduce prices by eliminating the middleman, in practice it seems to be an essential
evil.
Business can be left to find its own level in accordance with the so-called laws of supply
and demand. By and large, Pakistan is what is called a sellers market because essential goods
are usually in short supply or are inclined to fall below the needs of an overgrowing population.
Market manipulation in such a situation is easy and unfortunately fairly common. Goods usually
disappear at about the time they are needed most, leading to price spirals and malpractices. Price
control under such circumstances becomes a little unrealistic unless a huge department can be set
up with vigilance terms and inspectors empowered to raid shops and warehouses. The efforts to
control a sellers market is so great and the costs so high that in fact not a great deal of ontrol
can be exercised. And alternative method is to encourage the growth of buyers market in which
the customer has a choice between many competing products. Competition automatically-forces
good quality and low prices on the goods. This is at present only possible in the high production
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areas of the world. But competition leads to malpractices of a different kind. Survival for a
business often depends upon the destruction of competing business and big companies have a
natural advantage over small ones. An obsessive drive to sell is generated in such a system.
Huge sums are spent on advertising, the costs of which are transferred to the buyer. People are
tricked and badgered into buying things they do not really need.
3. a) Use any five of the following pairs of words in your own sentences so as to bring out their
meanings: i) Canvas, canvass,
ii) Cast, caste,
iii) appraise, apprise
iv) allusion, illusion
v) continual, continuous vi) berth, birth
vu) apposite, opposite
viii) artist, artiste
ix) adapt, adopt.
b) Use any five of the following expressions in sentences so as to bring out their
meaning:
10
i) to have your cake and eat it too,
ii) between the devil and the deep blue sea,
iii) to be in hot water,
iv) to be on the carpet,
v) it never rains but it pours,
vi) a miss is as good as a mile,
vii) to give oneself airs,
viii)
to have the courage of ones convictions,
ix) the onlooker sees most of the game, x) out of sight out of mind.
4. Write a paragraph on any one of the following topics:
a) The authoritarian society.
b) Civilized dissent is necessary for social progress.
c) Life is a tragedy for those who feel and a comedy for those who think.
d) Eventually all human action must be judged by its moral content.
e) Those who can, do, those who cant teach.
5. Write a paragraph on one of the following topics:
20
a) What we-call progress is largely delusory.
b) Speak no evil, hear no evil, see no evil.
c) Render unto Caeser that which is Caescrs, and unto God that which is Gods.
d) A mans personality, morality, intellect and attitudes are all the product of his bodily
chemistry.
e) All the worlds a stage.
EXAMINATION 1982
Maximum marks: 100
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1. Write a Prcis of the following passage in about 100 words and suggest a title: 20 Objectives
pursued by, organisations should be directed to the satisfaction of demands
resulting from the wants of mankind. Therefore, the determination of appropriate objectives for
organised activity must be preceded by an effort to determine precisely what their wants are.
Industrial organisations conduct market studies to learn what consumer goods should be
produced. City Commissions make surveys to ascertain what civic projects would be of most
benefit. Highway Commissions conduct traffic counts to learn what constructive programmes
should be undertaken. Organisations come into being as a means for creating and exchanging
utility. Their success is dependent upon the appropriateness of the series of acts contributed to
the system. The majority of these acts is purposeful, that is, they are directed to the
accomplishment of some objective. These acts are physical in nature and find purposeful
employment in the alteration of the physical environment. As a result utility is created, which,
through the process of distribution, makes it possible for the cooperative system to endure.
Before the Industrial Revolution most cooperative activity was accomplished in small
owner-managed enterprises, usually with a single decision maker and simple organisational
objectives. Increased technology and the growth of industrial organisations made necessary the
establishment of a hierarchy of objectives. This, in turn, required a divison of the management,
function until today a hierarchy of decision maker exists in most organisations..
The effective pursuit of appropriate objectives contributes directly the organisational
efficiency. As used here, efficiency is a measure of the want satisfying power of the cooperative
system as a whole. Thus efficiency is the summation of utilities received from the organisation
divided by the utilities given to the organisation, as subjectively evaluated by each contributor.
The function of the management process is the delineation of organisational objectives and
the coordination of activity towards the accomplishment of these objectives. The system of
coordinated activities must be maintained sothateach contributor, including the manager, gains
more than he contributes.
2. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow:
After a situation has been carefully analysed and the possible outcomes have been evaluated
as accurately as possible, a decision can be made. This decision may include the alternative of
not making a decision on the alternatives presented. After all the data that can be brought to bear
on a situation has been considered, some areas of uncertainty may be expected to remain. If a
decision is to be made, these areas of uncertainty must be bridged by the consideration and
evaluation of intangibles. Some call the type of evaluation involved in the consideration of
intangibles, intuition, others call it hunch on judgement, whatever it be called, it is inescapable
tat this type of thinking must always be the final part in arriving at a decision about the future.
There is no other way if action is to be taken. There appears to be a marked difference in
peoples abilities to come to sound conclusions, when some facts relative to a situation are
missing, those who possess sound judgement, are richly rewarded.
But as effective as as intuition, hunch on judgement may some times be, this type of thinking
should be reserved for those areas where facts on which to base a decision, are missing.
a) How is it possible to come to a sound decision when facts are missing?
b) What part in your opinion. does decision making play in the efficient functioning of an
organisation.
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OR
Bring out the implications of the following observation. Traveller, there is no path:
paths are made by walking.
3. Make sentences to illustrate the meaning of any five of the following:
i) To come to a dead end.
ii) To turn a deafer
iii) Every dark cloud has a silver lining
iv) Blowing hot and cold together
v) To let the cat out of the bag
vi) To put the cart before the horse
vii) To sail in the same boat
viii)
A Swan Song.
Use any five of the following pairs of words in your own sentences to bring out their
meaning: i) Mitigate, Alleviate ii) Persecute, Prosecute
hi) Popular, Populace iv) Compliment, Complement v) Excite, Incite vi)
Voracity, Veracity
vii) Virtual, Virtuous viii) Exceptional, Exceptionable
5. Write a paragraph on at least 100 words on any one of the following topics:
20
a) All that glitters is not gold.
b) Eternal vigilance is the price of liberty.
c) Problems of developing countries.
d) There is no short cut to success.
c) To err is human, to forgive is divine.
EXAMINATION 1983
Maximum marks: 100
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1. Write a Prcis of the following passage and suggest a suitable title: 25

Rural development lies at the heart of any meaningful development strategy. This is the only
mechanism to carry the message to the majority of the people and to obtain their involvement in
measures designed to improve productivity levels. Rural population exceeds 70 percent of the
total population of the country, despite a rapid rate of urbanization. Average rural income is 34
percent less than per capita urban income. A large part of under employment is still concealed in
various rural activities particularly in the less developed parts of the country. For centuries, the
true magnitude of poverty has been concealed from view by pushing a large part of it to the rural
areas. This set in motion a self-perpetuating mechanism. The more enterprising and talented in
the rural society migrated to the cities in search of dreams which were seldom realized. Such
migrants added to urban squalor. The relatively more prosperous in the rural society opted for
urban residence for different reasons. The rural society itself has in this way systematically been
denuded of its more enterprising elements, as rural areas developed the character of a huge and
sprawling slum. Development in the past has touched rural scene mainly via agricultural
development programmes. These are essential and would have to be intensified. Much more
important is a large scale expansion of physical and social infrastructure on the village scene.
These included rural roads, rural water supply and village electrification as a part of the change
in the physical environment and primary education and primary health care as the agents of
social change. The task is to provide modern amenities as an aid for bringing into motion the
internal dynamics of the rural society on a path leading to increase in productivity and self-help,
changing the overall surrounding, while preserving coherence, integrated structure and the rich
cultural heritage of the rural society.
2. Read the following passage carefully and answer any two of the Questions that follow
in your own words:
(20)
The third great defect of our civilization is that it does not know what to do with its
knowledge. Science has given us powers fit for the gods, yet we use them like small children.
For example, we do not know how to manage our machines. Machines were made to be mans
servants, yet he has grown so dependent on them that they arc in a fair way to become his
masters. Already most men spend most of their lives looking after and waiting upon machines.
And the machines are very stern masters. They must be fed with coal, and given petrol to drink,
and oil to wash with and they must be kept at the right temperature. And if they do not get their
meals when they expect them, they grow sulky and refuse to work, or burst with rage, and blow
up and spread ruin and destruction all round them. So we have to wait upon them very attentively
and do all that we can to keep them in a good temper. Already we find it difficult either to work
or play without the machines, and a time may come when they will rule us altogether, just as we
rule the animals. And this brings me to the point at which I asked What do we do with all time
which the machines have saved for us, and the new energy they have given us? On the whole, it
must be admitted, we do very little. For the most part we use our time and energy to make more
and better machines, but more and better machines will only give us still more time and still
more energy and what are we to do with them? The answer, I think, is that we should try to
become more civilized. For the machines themselves, and the power which the machines have
given us, are not civilization but aids to civilization. But you will remember that we agreed at the
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beginning that being civilized meant making and liking beautiful things, thinking freely, and
living rightly and maintaining justice equally between man and man. Man has a better chance
today to do these things than he ever had before, he has more time, more energy, less to fear and
less to fight against. lf he will give his time and energy which his machines have won for him to
making more beautiful things, to finding out more and more about the universe to removing the
causes of quarrels between nations, to discovering how to prevent poverty, then I think our
civilization would undoubtedly be the greatest, as it would be the most lasting that there has ever
been.
a) What is your concept of Civilization? Do you agree with the authors views on the
subject?
b) Science has given us powers fit for the gods. If it a curse or blessing?
c) The use of machines has brought us more leisure and energy?
Are we utilizing it to improve the quality of human life?
d) Instead of making machines our servants, the author says, they have become our masters.
In what sense has this come about?
3. Expand the idea contained in one of the following:
i) Give every man thy ear but few thy voice
ii) if winter comes, can spring be far behind
iii) To err is human, to refrain from laughing, humane.
iv) House are built to live in and not to look on
v) Full many a flower is born to blush unseen And waste its sweetness on the desert air
vi) What is this life, if full of care
We have no time to stand and stare?
vii) A Yawn is a Silent Shout.
4. Use any five of the following pairs of words in your own sentences so as to bring out their
meaning:
i) allusion, illusion, ii) ardour, order, iii)conquer, concur, iv)Cite, site, vi) addict, edict, vi)
proceed, precede, vii) right, rite, viii) Weather, wether.
5. Fill in the blanks:
1) Much ___________ about nothing.
ii) _______ is the last refuge of the Scoundrel.
iii) To put the____before the _______
iv) ________of the same ______ flock-together.
v) A _______ in time saves _______
vi) ______ Dog seldom ___
vii) Sweet are the uses of______
viii)
Eternal ________is the price of_____
ix) A __________ child _______ the fire.
x) One mans _ is another mans ________
6. Check and write the word or phrase you believe is nearest to the meaning of any ten of the
following words:
i) Moratorium: a) Large tomb b) waiting period c) Security for debt d) Funeral house.
ii) Prolific: a) Skilful b) Fruitful c) Wordy d) Spread out.
iii) Bi-Partisan: a) Narrow minded b) Progressive c) representing two parties d) Divided.
iv) Unequivocal: a) careless b) unmistakable c) variable d) Incomparable.
v) Covenant a) Prayer b) debate c) garden d) agreement
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vi) Tentative: a) expedient b) nominal c) provisional

vii) Demographic: Relating the study of:
a) Government b) Demons c) Communications d) Population.
viii)
Sonar Apparatus to:
a) detect something in the air
b) locate objects under water.
c) measure rain
d) anticipate earthquake.
ix) Progeny: a) a genius b) offsprings c) ancestors d) growth.
x) Empirical: a) Relay on theory b) based on experience
c) having vision of power d) disdainful.
xi) Polarize: a) chill (b) to separate into opposing extremes (c) slant
(d) cause to be freely movable.
xii) Apolitical: a) conservative b) rude
c) non-political d) radical
xiii)
Plenary: a) Timely b) Combined c) Florid d) full.
xiv)
Entourage: a) decorators b) Tourist c) attendant d) adversaries.
xv)
Diagnosis: a) identification of an illness b) Prophecy c) Plan d) likeness.
xvi)
Nucleus: a) Core b) outer part c) inedible nut d) quality.
EXAMINATION 1984
Maximum marks: 100
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1. Write a Prcis of the following Passage and suggest a suitable title:

It is no doubt true that we cannot go through life without sorrow. There can be no sunshine
without shade. We must not complain that roses have thorns, but rather be grateful that thorns
bear flowers. Our existence here is so complex that we must expect much sorrow and much
suffering. Many people distress and torment themselves about the mystery of existence. But
although a good man may at times be angry with the world, it is certain that no man was ever
discontented with the world who did his duty in it. The world is a looking-glass, if you smile, it
smiles, if you frown, it frowns back. If you look at it-through a red glass, all seems red and rosy:
if through a blue, all blue, if through a smoked one, all dull and dingy. Always try then to look at
the bright side of things, almost everything in the world has a bright side. There are some
persons whose smile, the sound of whose voice, whose very presence seems like a ray of
sunshine and brightens a whole room. Greet everybody with a bright smile, kind words and a
pleasant welcome. It is not enough to love those who are near and dear to us. We must show that
we do so. While, however, we should be grateful, and enjoy to the full the innumerable blessings
of life, we cannot expect to have no sorrows or anxieties. Life has been described as a comedy to
those who think, and a tragedy to those feel. It is indeed a tragedy at times and a comedy very
often, but as a rule, it is what we choose to make it. No evil, said Socrates, can happen to a good
man, either in Life or Death. 2. Read the following Passage carefully and answer any two questions given at the end:
During the last few decades medicine has undoubtedly advanced by huge strides in
consequence of innumerable discoveries and inventions. But have we actually become healthier
as a result of this progress? Admittedly, tuberculosis or cholera is today a much rare cause of
death in many countries. On the other hand, various other no less dangerous diseases have
appeared, which we term time diseases. They include not only certain impairments of the heart
and the circulatory system, of the skeletal structure and internal organs, but also an increased
psychic instability, the addiction to all manner of drugs etc., and states of nervous shock and
exhaustion.
According to Bodamer, Mans hystorical and vain attempt to overtax and do violence to his
nature in order to adjust it to the technical world leads to a dangerous threat to health. In other
words, our organs can no longer cope with the noise, the bustle and all the inevitable
concomitants of our modern civilization. A mans body is simply not a machine to be used as he
thinks fit, and as long as he likes. It is something living, a part of the image of God in which we
were created. That is why the body has a rhythm of its own, a rhythm that can make itself heard.
The most deep-seated of all the diseases of our time is that man no longer takes God into
account, that he has lost confidence in Gods dominion over the world, that he considers the
visible as the ultimate, the only, reality. But man without God suffers from hi-s fate because he
cannot accept it from the hand of God. He suffers from the world because he senses its
disordered state without being able to put it right. He begins to suffer from his work -because it
exhausts him without satisfying him. He begins to suffer from his fellowmen because they are
not his neighbours, to whom God would have him turn, but because he less them get on his
neighbours, to whom God would have him turn, but because he-lets them get on his nerves and
make him ill. And he suffers from himself because he finds himself out of tune and dissatisfied
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with himself. It is only because our time is no longer centered in God that its structure is
increasing becoming what critics of our civilization call pathological dominated by the fear of
life as well as by the lust for life, ending in the splitting of personality. 20
a) How does the expression time diseases indicate that these various ailments have
something fundamental in common? Explain
b) Why does modern man suffer from his time? It is not because he has not adapted his
body sufficiently to the demands of the machine?- It is not rather because he has
surrendered his soul to time and its powers?
c) What cure would you suggest to combat these ills?
d) Explain the last sentence fully.
3.Make sentences to illustrate the meaning of any five of the following:
15
a) To look a gift horse in the mouth.
b) To have an axe to grind.
c) To wash ones dirty linen in public.
d) To pocket an insult.
e) To take to ones heels.. f) To win laurels.
g) A gentleman at large.
4. Examine the following word groups. Explain and use any five of them in sentences to
determine where genuine differences of meaning and function exist within the group:
a) Table, brand
b) opinion, judgement
c) uninterested, disinterested
d) revolt, mutiny
e) decay, spoil
f) adjourn, postpone
g) ignore, neglect
h) conspiracy, plot
5. Discuss each of the following situations and determine the validity of the direct testimony
involved:
a). A witness testifies to seeing a holdup and identifies one of the gunmen. it is established
that this witness was about two hundred yards from the scene of the crime. Under crossexamination, the attorney for the defence brings out the fact that the witness habitually wears
glasses to correct a severe condition of nearsightedness, but that on the day of holdup, his glasses
were broken and he had just left them to be repaired.
b) A series of witnesses agrees that a-particular crime was committed by a man who is bald,
walks with a slight lip, is about 510 tall, and wears thick glasses. They differ on the matter of the
colour of his clothing, the type of shoes he was wearing, and the size of satchel he was carrying.
OR
Explain as clearly as you can any two of the following statements:
.a) The political structure of a society is always the power structure of that society.
b) It is better to be silent and be thought stupid than to speak and prove its true.
c) The only knowledge worth having is that which is applicable to some part of the
economic life of the community: d) Any labour-saving device is the most in-human aspect of work.
EXAMINATION 1985
Maximum marks: 100
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1. Make a Prcis of the following passage and suggest a suitable title: 25 Climate influences
labour not only by enervating the labourer or by invigorating him,
but also by the effect it produces on the regularity of his habits. Thus we find that no people
living in a very northern latitude have ever possessed that steady and unflinching industry for
which the inhabitants of temperate regions are remarkable. In the more northern countries the
severity of the weather, and, at some seasons, the deficiency of light, render it impossible for
the people to continue their usual out-of-door employments. The result is that the working
classes, being compelled to cease from their ordinary, pursuits, arc rendered move prone to
desultory habits, the chain of their industry is, as it were, broken, and they lose that impetus
which long-continued and uninterrupted practice never fails to give. Hence there arises a national
character more fitful-and capricious than that possessed by a people whose climate permits the
regular exercise of their ordinary industry. Indeed so powerful is this principle that we perceive
its operations even under the most opposite circumstances. It would be difficult to conceive a
greater difference in government, laws, religion, and manners, than that which distinguishes
Sweden and Norway, on the one hand, from Spain and Portugal on the other. But these four
countries have one great point in common. In all of them continued agricultural -industry is
impracticable. In the two Southern countries labour is interrupted by the dryness of the weather
and by the consequent state of the soil. In the northern countries the same effect is produced by
the severity-of the winter and the shortness of the days. The consequence is that these four
nations, though so different in other respects, are all remarkable for a certain instability and
fickleness of character.
2. Read the following passage carefully and answer any two questions given at the end:20
Whoever starts a new diary does it, if he is wise, in secret, for if it be known to his friends
that he keeps a punctual record of his doings and theirs, they will treat him with a reticence that
may embarrass him. That is the first rule of diary keeping, but others, such as whether the diary
should be regular, or irregular, are more disputable. It is, however, a fatal practice to attempt
regularity in amount.., to aim, as some do, at filling a page or two a day. It is equally futile to
strive for uniformity of style or, indeed forany styleat all. The advantage of the diary form is that
it exempts its users from all ordinary rules, you may spell as you like, abbreviate, or wander into
side-tracks as-and when it pleases you. Above all, you need preserve no sense of proportion or
responsibility. A new hat may oust a new Parliament, a new actress who amused you may,
without any complaints, sweep all the armies and potentates of Europe over your margin into
nothingness and oblivion. Nobodys feelings have to be considered, no sense of critical audience
need force gaiety from a mood of sadness or cast a shadow on the spirits of Puck.
Why, then does not everyone keep a diary if it is so full of the delights of freedom and
omnipotence? Perhaps it is because we like to have an audience for what we say, and grow a
little tired of entertaining our great-great-grand-children. Some aver that all diarists are vain, but
it would appear, on the contrary, if they keep their secret and let none pry into their locked
drawer, that they have an irrefutable claim to modesty. it is possible, of course, that they may be
puffing themselves up before the mirror of posterity, but that is such a remote and pardonable
conceit particularly, if we remember that posterity is far more likely to mock than to admire
that nobody who turns over the blank pages of this year and wonders what other fingers will turn
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them some day need be ashamed of his diarists dream.

a) What are your own impressions about diary-keeping? Write a short paragraph of about
100 words:
b) State in your own words why the writer thinks that a diary should be kept in secret.
c) Explain the Linderlined portions.
3. Use any live of the following pairs of words in your own sentences so as to bring out the
difference in meaning clearly: 15
a) Eminent, Imminent
b) Deference, Difference
c) Eligible, Illegible
d) Judicial, Judicious
e) President, Precedent
f) Superficial, Superfluous
g) Immigrant, Emigrant h) Rightful, Righteous
j) Contemptible, Contemptuous k) Ingenious, Ingenuous.
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a) By and by
b) The lions share
c) In black and white
d) To bring to book
e) To read between the lines
0 To stick to ones guns
g) To be under a cloud
h) By fits and starts.
5. Use any five of the following phrases in your own sentences so as to make their meaning
clear:
10
Ab initio, Bona fides: En bloc; Ex paste, Sine die, Status quo, Ad valorum; Alter ego.
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6. Expand the idea contained in any one of the following in a passage of about 150 words:
20
a) Men are not hanged for stealing horses but that horses may not be stolen.
b)- Three may keep a secret if two are dead.
c) All philosophy is in two words, sustain or abstain.
EXAMINATION 1986
Maximum marks: 100
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1. Write a Prcis of the following passage, suggesting a suitable title: 25 One of the
fundamental facts about words is that the most useful ones in our language
have many meanings. That is partly why they are so useful: they work overtime... Think of -all
the various things we mean by the word foot on different occasion: one of the lower
extremities of the human body, a measure of verse, the ground about a tree, twelve inches,
- the floor in front of the stairs. The same is true of nearly every common noun or verb...
considering the number of ways of taking a particular word, the tusk of speaking clearly and
being understood would seem pretty hopeless if it were not for another very important fact about
language. Though a word may have many senses, these senses can be controlled, up to a point,
by the context in which the word is used. When we find the word in a particular verbal setting we can usually decide quite definitely which of the many senses of the word relevant. If a poet
says his verse has feet, it doesnt occur to you that he could mean its a yard long or is threelegged (unless perhaps you are a critic planning to puncture the poet with a pun about his
lumping verse). The context rules out these maverick senses quite decisively.
2. Read the following passage carefully and answer any two questions given at the end in
about 70 words each:
20
Biofeedback is a process that allows people with stress-related illnesses such as high blood
pressure to monitor and improve their health by learning to relax. In biofeedback, devices that
monitor skin temperature are attached to a patients arm, leg, or forehead. Then the person tries
to relax: As he or she relaxes completely, the temperature of the area under the devices rises
because more blood reaches the area. When a machine that is attached to the devices detects the
rise in temperature a buzzer sounds, or the reading on a dial changes. As long as the patient is
relaxed, the buzzer or dial gives encouragement.
The next part of the biofeedback process is learning how to relax without the monitoring
devices. The patient recalls how he or she or she felt when the buzzer or dial indicated
relaxation and then tries to imitate that feeling without having to check the biofeedback machine.
After succeeding in doing so, the patient tries to maintain the relaxed feeling throughout the day.
Stress may cause as much as 75 percent of all illness, therefore,
biofeedback promises to bean outstanding medical tool.
1) What is a biofeedback? Describe in your own way.
2) Can learning to relax improve health? Explain your view-point.
3) Why is biofeedback considered to be an instrument with great potential for the treatment
of stress-related illnesses?
3. Use any five of the following pairs of words in your own sentences to differentiate them
in their meaning and functions:
a) Complement, Compliment
b) Outbreak, Breakout
c) Facilitate, Felicitate
d) Precede, Proceed
e) Layout, outlay
0 Cease, Seize
g) Career, Carrier
h) Acculturate, Acclimitise
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4. Transform any five of the following sentences into direct/Indirect Form as the case may be:
15
a) He said, Dont open the door.
b) He offered to bring me some tea.
c) He aid, Thank you!
d) He said, Can you swim? and I said, NO.
e) He told Aslam to get his coat.
0 If 1 were you, I would wait, I said.
g) He ordered the peon to lock the door.
h) He warned me not to leave my car unlocked as there had been lot of stealing from cars.
5. Describe the meaning of any five of
the following foreign phrases: - 10
a) Prima facie
b) Ex post facto
c) Fait accompli
d) Vis-a-vis
e) Modus operandi
0 Aide memoire g) Laissez faire
h) Au revoir.
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6. Explain briefly any three in your own words to illustrate the central idea contained
therein in
about 50 words each:
15
a) Give every man thy ear but few thy voice.
b) To rob Peter to pay Paul.
c) The child is father of the man.
d) Art lies in concealing art.
e) Life without a philosophy is like a ship without rudder.
EXAMINATION 1987
Maximum marks: 100
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1.
Make a Prcis of the following passage and suggest a suitable title: 25 The incomparable
gift of brain, with its truly amazing powers of abstraction, has rendered obsolete the slow and
sometimes clumsy mechanisms utilized by evolution so far.
Thanks to the brain alone, man, in the course of three generations only, has con4uered the realm
of air, while it took hundreds of thousands of years for animals to achieve the same result
through the process of evolution. Thanks to the brain alone, the range of our sensory organs has
been increased a million fold, far beyond the wildest dreams, we have brought the
moon within thirty miles of us, we see the infinitely small and see the infinitely remote, we hear
the inaudible, we have dwarfed distance and killed physical time. We have succeeded in
understanding them thoroughly. We have put to shame the tedious and time consuming methods
of trial and error used by Nature, because Nature has finally succeeded in producing its
masterpieces in the shape of the human brain. But the great laws of evolution are still active,
even though adaptation has lost its importance as far as we are concerned. We are now
responsible for the progress of evolution. We are free to destroy ourselves if we misunderstand
the meaning and the purpose of our victories. And we are free to forge ahead, to prolong
evolution, to cooperate with God if we perceive the meaning of it all, if we realize that it can
only be achieved through a whole-hearted effort toward moral and spiritual development. Our
freedom, of which we may be justly proud, affords us the proof that we represent the spearhead
of evolution: but it is up to us to demonstrate, by the way in which we use it, whether we are
ready yet to assume the tremendous responsibility which has befallen us almost suddenly.
2. Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given at the end: 20 There is
a sense in which the aim of education must be the same in all societies. Two hundred years
from now there will be no one alive in the world who is alive today. Yet the sum total of
human skill and knowledge will probably not be less than it is today. It will almost certainly
be greater. And that this is so is due in large part to the educational process by which we pass
on to one generation what has been learned and achieved by previous generations. The
continuity and growth of society is obviously dependent in this way upon education, both
formal and informal. If each generation had to learn for itself what had been learned by its
predecessor, no sort of intellectual or social development would he possible and the present
state of society would be little different from the society of the old stone age. But this basic
aim of education is so general and so fundamental that it is hardly given conscious
recognition as an educational purpose. It is rather to be classed as the most important social
function of education and is a matter of interest to the sociologist rather than to the
educational theorist, Education does this job in any society and the specific way in which it
does it will vary from one society to another. When we speak in the ordinary way about the
aims of education, we are interested rather in the specific goals set by the nature of society
and the purposes of its members.
The educational system of any society is a more or less elaborate social mechanism
designed to bring about in the persons submitted to it certain skills and attitudes that are
judged to be useful and desirable in the society.
a) How is the continuity and growth of society dependent upon education?
b) In what way the aims of education are related with a society and its members?
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c)
What importance does the writer give to the education system of a society?
3. Use any live of the following pairs of words in your own sentences so as to bring out the
difference in meaning clearly:
Disclosure, exposure, rigorous, vigorous, custom, habit, peculiar, particular, prescribe,
proscribe, accident, incident, choice, preference, ascent, assent, emigrant, immigrant, continuous,
continual.
4. Make sentences to illustrate the meaning of any five of the following: 10 to back out, to keep
out of, bang into, to smell a rat, to burn ones fingers, null and void,
to catch up with, to stand up for, to skim through. to narrow down.
5. Complete any five of the following sentences supplying the missing word or phrase in
each:
10
a) He wondered _________ he had lost his money.
b) Her father knew that she ____________________________________ disobey him.
c) When Ahmed saw me coming he
d) Dont imagine you can get away
e) He puts up almost anything.
f) 1 have applied ______ a new job.
g) Her parents strongly object ________ her travelling alone.
h) As soon as the plane had refuelled ______
i) __________ you take this medicine, you will feel better.
j) A car with a good engine can go
6. Expand the idea contained in any one of the following in about 150 words:
20
a) Learn to walk before you run.
b) Marriage is a lottery.
c) Success has many friends.
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EXAMINATION 1988
Maximum mark: 100
1. Write a Prcis of the following passage and suggest suitable title:
25
The touring companies had set up their stages, when playing for towns-folk and not for the
nobility in the large inn yards where the crowd could sit or stand around the platform and the
superior patrons could seat themselves in the galleries outside the bedrooms of the inn. The
London theatres more or less reproduced this setting, though they were usually round or oval in
shape and stage was more than a mere platform, having entrances at each side, a curtained inner
stage and an upper stage or balcony. For imaginative Poetic drama this type of stage had many
advantages. There was no scenery to be changed, the dramatist could move freely and swiftly
from place to place. Having only words at his command, be had to use his imagination and
compel his audience to use theirs. The play could move at great speed. Even with such limited
evidence as we possess, it is not hard to believe that the Elizabethan audience, attending a poetic
tragedy or comedy, found in the theatre an imaginative experience of a richness and intensity that
we cannot discover in our own drama.
2. Read the following passage and answer any two questions given at the end: 20 Another
intellectual effect of almost all teaching, except the highest grade of university tuition, is that
it encourages docility and the belief that definite answers are known on questions which are
legitimate matters of debate. I remember an occasion when a number of us were discussing
which was the best of Shakespeares plays. Most of us were concerned in advancing
arguments for unconventional opinions but a clever young man, who, from the elementary
schools, had lately risen to the university, informed us, as a fact of which we were
unaccountably ignorant, that Hamlet is the best of Shakespeares plays. After this the subject
was closed. Every clergyman in America knows why Rome fell: it was owing to the
corruption of morals depicted by Juvenal and Petronius. The fact that morals became
exemplary about two centuries before the fall of the Western Empire is unknown or ignored.
English children are taught one view of the French Revolution, French children are taught
another, neither is true, but in each case it would be highly imprudent to disagree with the
teacher, and few feel any inclination to do so. Teachers ought to encourage intelligent
disagreement on the part of their pupils, even urging them to read books having opinions
opposed to those of the instructor. But this is seldom done, with the result that much education
consists in the instilling of unfounded dogmas in place of spirit of inquiry. This results, not
necessarily from any fault in the teacher, but from a curriculum which demands too much
apparent knowledge, with a consequent need of haste and definiteness.
a) What is the main defect of teaching? Describe in your own words.
b) What are the causes of the instilling of unfounded dogmas in the mind of students?
c) Briefly describe the main points presented by the writer of this passage.
3. Write an essay about 200 words on any one of the following:
20
a) Competition in Education
b) Science and Religion
c) My View of Life
4. Use
any five of the following idioms in your sentences: 15
a) As cool as a cucumber.
b) Have your cake and eat too.
c) In a Pickle.
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d) Take a cake.
e) Sell like hot cakes.
f) As flat as a Pancake.
g) Take something with a grain of salt.
h) Like two peas in a pod.
5. Use any five of the following pairs of words in your sentences to differentiate their
meaning:
10
Custom, habit, deface, efface, differ ,defer, conduct, character, considerate, considerable,
complement, compliment, feet, feat, fair, fare, enviable, envious.
6. Transform any five of the following sentences into Indirect form:
10
a) The boy said to his teacher, I do not know the answer.
b) The beggar said, May you live long and grow rich
c) "It is very hot today, cried the boys, we cannot play.
d) She said, what a fine morning it is!
e) She said, I am not telling a lie.
f) He said, "I will come to see you tomorrow.
g) He said to him, I really need your help.
h) She said. Can you tell me what the time is.
EXAMINATION 1989
Maximum mark: 100
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1. Write a Prcis of the following passage and suggest a suitable title:

The Greatest civilization before ours was the Greek. They, too, lived in a dangerous
world. They were a little, highly civilized people, surrounded by barbarous tribes and always
threatened by the greatest Asian power, Persia. In the end they succumbed, but the reason they
did was not that the enemies outside were so strong, but that their spiritual strength had given
way. While they had it, they kept Greece unconquered. Basic to all Greek achievements was
freedom. The Athenians were the only free people in the world. In the great empires of antiquity
Egypt, Babylon, Assyria, Persia splended though they were, with riches and immense
power, freedom was unknown. The idea of it was born in Greece, and with it Greece was able to
prevail against all the manpower and wealth arrayed against her. At Marathon and at Salamis
overwhelming numbers of Persians were defeated by small Greek forces. It was proved there that
one free man was superior to many submissively obedient subjects of a tyrant. And Athens,
where freedom was the dearest possession, was the leader in those amazing victories.
Greece rose to the very height, not because she was big, she was very small, not because she
was rich, she was very poor, not even because she was wonderfully gifted. So doubtless were
others in the great empires of the ancient world who have gone their way leaving little for us.
She rose because there was in the Greeks the greatest spirit that moves in humanity, the spirit
that sets men free.
2. Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given at the end:
Teaching more even than most other professions, has been transformed during the last
hundred years from a small, highly skilled profession concerned with a minority of the
population, to a large and important branch of the public service. The profession has a great and
honourable tradition, extending from the dawn of history until recent times, but any teacher in
the modem world who allows himself to he inspired by the ideals of his predecessors is likely to
be made sharply aware that it is not his function to teach what he thinks, but to instill such beliefs
and prejudices as are thought useful by his employers. In former days a teacher was expected to
be a man of exceptional knowledge or wisdom, to whose words men would do well to attend. In
antiquity, teachers were not an organized profession, and no control was exercised over what
they taught. It is true that they were often punished afterwards for their subversive doctrines.
Socrates was put to death and Plato is said to have been thrown into prison, but such incidents
did not interfere with the spread of their doctrines. Any man who has the genuine impulse of the
teacher will be more anxious to survive in his books than in the flesh. A feeling of intellectual
independence is essential to the proper fulfillment of the teachers functions, since it is his
business to instill what he can of knowledge and reasonableness into the process of forming
public opinion.
In our more highly organized world we face a new problem. Something called education is
given to everybody, usually by the State the teacher has thus become, in the vast majority of
cases, a civil servant obliged to carry out the behests of men who have not his learning, who have
no experience of dealing with the young, and whose only attitude towards education is that of the
propagandist.
a) What change has occurred in the profession of teaching during the last hundred years?
b) What do you consider to be the basic functions of a teacher?
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c) What handicaps does a modern teacher face as compared to the teachers in the olden
days?
3. Use any five of the following pairs of words in your own sentences so as to bring out
the difference in meaning clearly:
15
-a) Collision, Collusion, b) Verbal, Verbose,
c) Facilitate, Felicitate, d) Conscious, Conscientious,
e) Wave, Waive,
Wreck, Wreak,
g) Virtual, Virtuous,
h) Flatter, Flutter,
i) Deference, Difference, j) Humility, Humiliation.
10
a) Account for,
b) Carry weight,
c) To fall back upon,
d) To be taken aback,
e) A wild goose chase,
f) By leaps and bounds,
g) As cool as a cucumber, h) To burn midnight oil.
5. Given below area number of key-words. Select any five and indicate the word or phrase
you believe is nearest in meaning to the key word:
10
i) Foible: a) Witty refort b) Petty lie c) Personal weakness.
ii) Premise: a) Assumption b) Outline c) Commitment.
iii) Sacrosanct: a) Peaceful b) Sacred c) Mundane d) Painful.
iv) Calumny: a) Misfortune b) Praised) Quietness d) Slander.
v) . Viable: a) Credible b) Questionable c) Workable d) Vital.
vi) Decorum: a) Style of decoration b) Innocence c) Social conformity d) Modestly.
vii)Touch stone: a) Goal post b) worry bead c) Magic Jewel d) Standard or Criterion.
viii)Sheepish: a) Embarrased b) Conforming c) Cowardly d) Unfortunate.
6. Expand the idea contained in any one of the following in about 150 words:
20
a) If winter comes, can spring be far behind.
b) Slow and steady wins the rae
c) Eternal vigilance is the. Price of Liberty.
d) Man does not live by bread alone.
e) Full many a flowers is born to blush unseen and waste its sweetness on the desert air.
f) Foreign Aid Is it a blessing or a curse? -
EXAMINATION 1990
Maximum mark: 100
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1. Write a Prcis of the following passage and suggest a suitable title: 25 Not all the rulers
signed the Instrument of Accession at once. Afraid that the Socialist
Congress Party would strip him of his amusements, flying, dancing girls and conjuring delights
which he had only just begun to indulge since he had only recently succeeded his father to the
throne, the young Maharajah of Jodhpur arranged a meeting with Jinnah. Jinnah was aware that
both Hindu majority and geographical location meant that most of the Princely states would go
to India, but he was gratified by the thought that he might be able to snatch one or two from
under Patel s nose. He gave Jodhpur a blank sheet of paper.
Write your conditions on that he said, 'and Ill sign it
Elated, the Maharajab returned to his hotel to consider. It was an unfortunate- move on his
part, for V. P. Menon was there waiting for him. Menons agents had alerted him to what
Jodhpur was up to. He told the young ruler that his presence was requested urgently at viceroys
House, and reluctantly the young man accompanied him there. The urgent summons had been an
excuse, and once they had arrived, Menon had to go on a frantic search for Viceroy, and tell him
what had happened. Mountbatten responded immediately. He solemnly reminded Jodhpur that
Jinnah could not guarantee any conditions he might make, and that accession to Pakistan would
spell disaster for his state. At the same time, he assured him that accession to India would flot
automatically mean end of his pleasure. Mountbatten left him alone with Menon to sign a
provisional agreement.
2. Read the following passage carefully and answer any four questions given at the end as
briefly as possible.
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Mountbatten was taking his family to Simla to snatch a few days rest. He had brought
with him a copy of the Draft Plan for the transfer of power (which he had sent to London for
approval). Menon had come up and they were expecting Nehru for the weekend. Mountbattcn
was delighted that Edwina (his wife) and Jawaharlal had taken to each other so much. It could
only help his work, and it seemed to do them both so much good.
Nehru himself had been in fine form. Mieville and George Nicolis (Principal Secretary to
the Viceroy and Deputy Personal secretary to the Viceroy respectively) had shown some dismay at Viceroys openness with the Indian leader but Mountbatten chose to ignore them.
Despite his continuing optimism for the Plan, Menon's contention that it would not be well
received by the Congress had given him more than usual pause for thought. After dinner on
Saturday night, he invited Nehru in the Viceregal Lodge for a nightcap.
The Viceroy handed Nehru his drink, and then quite suddenly crossed the room to the safe
and unlocked it, taking out the Draft Plan handed him the papers (giving free run his instinct
whatever the result). Nehru took the Draft Plan eagerly and sat down with it. immersing
himself in it immediately. Mountbatten watched him... The Indian had stopped reading the
Plan, and was riffling angrily through the final pages. His face was-drawn and pale.
Mountbatten was shaken. He had never seen Nehru so furious.
Nehru made an effort to control himself.... I will try to summarise my thoughts tonight
and leave you a note of my objections. This much I can tell you now: Congress will never
agree to plan of Indias fragmentation into a host of little states'.
The following day, the Viceroy sat on the secluded rear terrace of Viceregal Lodge while
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V. P. Menon read over Nehrus promise memorandum of objections.

Mr. Nehru only questions certain Section of the Plan, said Menon.
Yes the key ones! snapped Mountbatten. Look we have tO redraft and resubmit
immediately,- in the light of his comments. Can you do it?
Very well, Your Excellency, said Menon.
..-... I want it (the fresh draft) by six Oclock this evening.
a) How did Lord Mountbatten view the relationship between his wife, Lady Edwina and
Jawaharalal Nehru? b) How did the officers on the staff of Lord Mountbatten view his close relationship with
Nehru and what was Mountbattens reaction to it? c) Why did Lord Mountbatten show the Draft Plan to Nehru?
d) Did Lord Mountbatten show the Draft Plan to Quaid-e-Azam? If not, what will -the
showing of secret Draft Plan to Nehru alone will be called?
e) What motivated the drawing up of a fresh Plan for transfer of power?
f) Within what time was the fresh plan prepared and by whom?
g) Was the person who drew up the fresh plan, under orders of Mountbatten, a neutral and
impartial person, not connected with any Indian community? 3. Make sentences to illustrate the meaning of any four of the following:
8
a) White elephant,
b) Blue Blood,
c) Cleanse the Augean stable, d) Apple of discord,
e) In good books,
0 Between the devil and the deep sea,
g) Stare in the face,
h) Make off with.
4. Use any three of the following sets of words in sentences so as to bring out clearly the
18
a) Adept, Adopt, Adapt,
b) Alleged, Accused, Suspected,
c) Bear, Borne, Born
d) Raise, Rise, Raze,
e) Smeel, Stink, Scent,
f) Least, Less, Lest,
g) Quiet, quite, Quite,
h) Their, There, Theyre
5. Gwen below are a number of key words: Select any three and indicate the word or phrase
you believe is nearest in meaning to the key word:
i) Domesticate: a) to turn native, b) be exclusive, c) cut claws, d) tame.
ii) Antics: a) expectation, b) temper, c) string games,- d) absurd behaviour.
iii) Recapitulate: a) to surrender, b) be indecisive, c) summaris, d) retract.
iv) Hypothetical: a) philosophical, b) truce, c) assumed, d) volatile.
v) Data: a) ideas, b) belief, c) point of origin, d) information.
vi) - Era: a) a disaster, b) cycle, c) period of history, d) -curious event.
vii) Trait: a) a narrow enclosure, b)strong point, c) distinguishing feature, d) footprint.
6. Develop the idea contained in any one of the following in about 150 words: 20
a) A thing of beauty is a joy for ever,
b)Cowards die many times before their death,
c) In matters of conscience, the law of majority has no place,
d)Heard melodies are sweet, but those unheard are sweeter,
e) Unity, Faith, Discipline.
EXAMINATION 1991
Maximum mark: 100
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1. Make a Prcis of the following passage and suggest a suitable title: 25 Generally, European
trains still stop at borders to change locomotives and staff. This is
often necessary. The German and French voltage systems are incompatible. Spain though not
Portugal has a broad guage track. English bridges are lower than elsewhere, and passengers
on German trains would need a ladder to reach French platforms, twice as high as their own. But
those physical constraints pale in comparison to an even more formidable barrier national
chauvinism. While officials in Brussels strive for an integrated and efficiently run rail network to
relieve the Continents gorged roads and airways, and cut down on pollution, three member
countries France, Germany and Italyare working feverishly to develop their own expensive
and mutually incompatible high-speed trains.
2. Read the following passage and answer the questions given at the end as briefly as possible
into 2 lines each):
Heads of Government attending the London economic summit will have no excuses if they
fail to curb the level of arms exports. A new definitive study by the International Monetary Fund,
not generally known for its liberal views, makes it plain that high levels of arms spending in
some developing countries have retarded social programmes, economic development projects
and the private sector, the latter being an issue with which the seven richest market economies
can identify.
The IMF, however, picks out 10, consistent offenders among developing countries which
spend more than 15 percent of their ODP on the military. They are: Israel, Angola, Oman,
Yemen, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Syria, Egypt and Libya. Employing some unusually forceful
language the Fund says, High levels of military expenditure certainly led to low growth and
domestic economic hardship in some countries by diverting fund from social programmes,
economic development projects and the private- sector.
The study poses a couple of other serious problems for the summitteers. It shows for
instance, that military expenditure is very sensitive to financial constraints. Thus if countries are
deprived of resources then they are forced to cut back on armaments:
a)- What are the heads of Government doing at the summit?
b) What are the findings of the new study?
c) How does military expenditure affect domestic economy of a country and inwhat ways?
d) What is the relationship between military spending and economic growth?
e) How is military expenditure related to resources?
3. Use any five of the following pairs of words in your own sentences demonstrating
a) Access, Excess,
b) Ascent, Accent,
c) Resources, Recourse, d) Whether, Weather,
e) Premier, Premiere,
f) Ingenious. Ingenuous,
g) Felicitate, Facilitate, h) Conscious, Conscientious,
i) Disease, Decease.
4. For each of the phrases at the left, write in your answer book the word closest in meaning to
the phrase from the four words given on the right: 10
i) Clear away
a) Clean b) empty c) removed) finish,
ii) Break down

- a) collapse b) enter c) Cut off d) begin,
iii) Keep up
a) restrain b) control c) continue d) maintain,
iv) Turn out
a) refuse b) start c) produced) arrive,
v) See over
a) examine b) repair C) discovered) Enquire.
5. Make sentences for any five of the following to illustrate their meaning: 10
i) Damocles sword,
ii) Every inch,
iii) Spade a spade,
iv) On the sky,
v) Palm off,
vi) Lip service,
vii) A turn coat,
viii) A wild goose chase.
6. Write a note of about 150 words on any one of the following ideas: 20 i) What ca't be cured
must be endured,
ii) A bee in ones bonnet,
iii) Make a virtue of necessity, iv) A red rag to a bull.
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EXAMINATION 1992
Maximum mark: 100
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1.
Write a Prcis of the following passage and suggest a suitable title: 25 Throughout the
ages of human development men have been subject to miseries of two kinds: those imposed by
external nature, and, those that human beings misguidedly inflicted upon each other. At first, by
far the worst evils were those that were due to the environment. Man was a rare species, whose
survival was precarious. Without the agility of the monkey, without any coating of fur, he has
difficulty in escaping from wild beasts, and in most parts of the world could not endure the
winters cold. He had only two biological advantages: the upright posture freed his hands, and
intelligence enabled him to transmit experience.
Gradually these two advantages gave him supremacy. The numbers of the human species
increased beyond those of any other large mammals. But nature could still assert her power by
means of flood and famine an pestilence and by exacting from the great majority of mankind
incessant toil in the securing of daily bread.
In our own day our bondage to external nature is fast diminishing, as a result of the growth of
scientific intelligence. Famines and pestilence still occur, but we know-better, year by year, what
should be done to prevent them. Hard work is still necessary, but only because we are unwise:
given peace and co-operation, we could subsist on a very moderate amount of toil. With existing
technique, we can, whenever we choose to exercise wisdom, be free of many ancient- forms -of
bondage to external nature.
But the evils that men inflict upon each other have not diminished in the same degree.
There are still wars, oppressions, and hideous cruelties, and greedy men still snatch wealth from
those who are less skilful or less ruthless than themselves. Love of power still leads to vast
tyrannies, or to mere obstruction when its grosser forms are impossible. And fear-deep scarcely conscious fear is still the dominant motive in very many lives. 2. Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given at the end:
Moral self-control, and external prohibition of harmful acts, are not adequate methods of
dealing with our anarchic instincts. The reason they are inadequate is that these instincts are
capable of many disguises as the Devil in medieval legend, and some of these disguises deceive
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even the elect. The only adequate method is to discover what are the needs of our instinctive
nature, and then to search for the least harmful way of satisfying them. Since spontaneity is what
is most thwarted by machines, the only thing that can be provided is opportunity, the use made of
opportunity must be left to the initiative of the individual. No doubt, considerable expense would
be involved but it would not be comparable to the expense of war. Understanding of human
nature must be the basis of any real improvement in human life. Science has done wonders in
mastering the laws of the physical world, but our own nature is much less understood, as yet,
than the nature of stars and electrons. When science learns to understand human nature, it will be
able to bring happiness into our lives which machines and the Physical Science have failed to
create.
a) Why are moral self-control, and external prohibition inadequate to deal with our anarchic
instincts?
b) What is the adequate method of anarchic instincts?
c) What should be the basis of any real improvement in human life? d)- How can science
help humanity to achieve happiness?
3. Use any five of the following pairs of words in your own sentences so as to bring out the
1) Assent, Ascent
ii) Ballot, Ballet
iii) Corps, Corpse
iv) Due, Dew
v) Diary, Dairy
vi) Momentary, momentous
vii) Route, Rout
viii) Veil, Vale.
4. Frame sentences to illustrate the meaning of any five of the following:
i) Between the devil and ii) A wild goose chase, the deep sea, iii) Over head and ears,
iv) Time and tide,
v) To live from hand to mouth,
vi) To beat about the bush,
vii) To fish in troubled waters, viii) A birds eye-view.
5. Given below are a number of key words: Select any five and indicate the word, you believe
is nearest in meaning to the key word:
i) Perturb:
a) to upset b) to cause doubt c) to burden d) to test.
ii) Wry:
a) twisted b) sad c) witty d) suffering.
iii) Ferret:
a) to search b) to trap c) to hide d) to flee.
iv) Pallid:
a) weak b) pale c) dull d) scared.
v) Intrepid:
a) fearless b) cowardly c) dull d)fool hardy.
vi) Reprisal:
a) surprise b) award c) revision d) retaliation.
vii) Viable:
a) wavering b) divided C) capable of living d) fading.
viii) Resurgent:
a) revolutionary b) fertile c) rising again d) fading. 6. Expand the idea contained in any one of the following in about 200 words:
i) Uneasy lies the head, that wears a crown
ii) If winter comes, can spring be far behind
iii) Mankind is an abstraction, man is a reality
iv) The Press and the Nation rise and fall together
v) Environmental pollution a global problem
vi) Population explosion.
EXAMINATION 1993
Maximum mark: 100
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1. Make a Prcis of the following passage, and suggest a suitable title: 25 The best aid to give is
intellectual aid, a gift of useful knowledge. A gift of knowledge
is infinitely preferable to a gift of material things. There are many reasons for this. Nothing
becomes truly ones own except on the basis of some genuine effort or sacrifice. A gift of
material goods can be appropriated by the recipient without effort or sacrifice; it therefore rarely
becomes his own and is all too frequently and easily treated as a mere windfall. A gift of
intellectual goods, a gift of knowledge, is a very different matter. Without a genuine effort of
appropriation on the part of the recipient there is no gift. To appropriate the gift and to make it
ones own is the same thing, and neither moth nor rust doth corrupt. The gift of material goods
makes people dependent, but the gift of knowledge makes them free. The gift of knowledge also
has far more lasting effects and is far more closely relevant to the concept of development.
Give a man a fish, as the saying goes, and you are helping him a little bit for a very short time,
teach him the act of fishing, and he can help himself all his life. further, if you teach him to make
his own fishing net, you have helped him to become not only self-supporting, but also self-reliant
and independent, man and businessman.
This, then should become the ever-increasing preoccupation of aid-programmes to make men
self-reliant and independent by the generous supply of the appropriate intellectual gifts, gifts of
relevant knowledge on the methods of self-help. This approach, incidentally, has also the
advantage of being relatively cheap, of making money go a long way. For POUNDS 100/
- you may be able to equip one man with certain means of production, hut for the same money
you may well be able to teach and hundred men to equip themselves. Perhaps a little pumppriming by way of material goods will in some cases, be helpful to speed the process of
development.
(E. F. Schumacher)
2. Read the following passage and answer the questions given at the end in your own words
without lifting sentences from the given text
20
Recently the mass media, formerly subservient to the medical profession, have become
increasingly, restive, and occasionally hostile. In Germany, in particular, the newspapers and
television have given a great deal of time and space to the complaints against the medical
profession. In Britain on BBC radio and television, the medical practices have come under sharp
and aggressive criticism.
Is this antagonism to the profession justified? And if so, why? I have tried to answer that
question by looking at the way it deals with some of the diseases of our civilisation, including the
most lethal, heart-attacks and cancer. If what emerges is an indictment of the profession, then I
would rebut the charge that I am anti-doctor. Montaigne said: I honour physicians not for their
services but for themselves. That goes for me too. (Brian Inglis)
a)
b)
c)
d)
What do you understand by the mass media?

What is Brian Inglis stance, towards the medical profession?
What is a lethal disease? Is there a radical change in the presentation of the art of healing by the mass media?
3. Use any five of the following pairs of words so as to bring out the difference in their
meanings:
10
a) Queue: cue,
b) Differ: defer,
c) Conscious: conscience,
d) Confidant: confidante,
e) Atheist: agnostic, f) Loose: Lose,
g) Briefing: debriefing, h) Dual: duel,
i) - Complement: compliment
4. Indicate the meaning of any five of the following:
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a) Brag,
B) Antiquarian,
c) Input,
d) Prodigal,
e) Bibliophile,
f) Nostalgia,
g) Output,
h) Feedback,
i) Agrarian.
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5. Use any five of the following in your sentences to bring out their exact meanings: 10
a) Play truant,
b) Play down,
c) Turn turtle,
d) Turn the corner,
e) A fair weather friend, f) Under a cloud,
g) Burn ones boats,
h) Horse-trading.
6. Comment on any one of the following about 200 words:
20
a) To err is human, to forgive divine,
b) The child is father of the man,
c) God helps those who help themselves,
d) Beggars are no choosers,
e) - Handsome is one who handsome does,
f) The impossible is often the untried,
g) Man has his will and woman her way.
EXAMINATION 1994

Maximum marks: 100
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1. Make a Prcis of the following passage in about 125 words and suggest a suitable title:
25 marks.
Education does not develop autonomously: it tends to be a mirror of society and is seldom
at the cutting edge of social change. It is retrospective, even conservative, since it teaches the
young what others have experienced and discovered-about the world. The future of education
will be shaped not by educators, but by changes in demography, technology and the family. Its
ends - to prepare students to live and work in their society - are likely to remain stable, but its
means are likely to change dramatically.
Schools, colleges and universities will be redefined in fundamental ways: who is educated,
how they are educated, where they are educated - all are due for upheaval. B Ut their primary
responsibility will be much the same as it is now: to teach knowledge of languages, science,
history, government, economics, geography, mathematics and the arts, as well as the skills
necessary to understand todays problems and to use its technologies. In the decades ahead, there
will be a solid consensus that, as Horace Mann, an American educator, wrote in 1846,
Intelligence is a primary ingredient in the wealth of nations. In recognition of the power of this
idea, education will be directed purposefully to develop intelligence as a vital national resource.
Even as nations recognize the value of education in creating human capital, the institutions
that provide education will come under increasing strain. State systems of education may not
survive demographic and technological change. Political upheavals in unstable regions and the
case of international travel will ensure a steady flow of immigrants, legal and illegal, from poor
nations to rich ones. As tides of immigration sweep across the rich world, the receiving nations
have a choice: they can assimilate the newcomers to the home culture, or they can expect a
proliferation of cultures within their borders. Early this century, state systems assimilated
newcomers and taught them how to fit in. Today social science frowns on assimilation, seeing it
as a form of cultural coercion, so state systems of education are likely to eschew cultural
imposition. In effect, the state schools may encourage trends that raise doubts about the purpose
or necessity of a state system of education. (Diane Ravieh).
2. Read the following passage and answer the question given at the end in your own words.
20 marks.
Piecing together the story of human evolution is no easy task. The anthropologist Richard
Leakey has identified four key steps in our evolution from the earliest hominid to modern
humans. First, the occurrence of binedilism between 10 and 4 million years ago. Then the
evolution of Homo, with its large brain and capacity to make stone tools the earliest examples
of which are 2.5 million years old. Next, the evolution of Hemo erects almost 2 million years
ago, followed by its migration out of Africa into Eurasia. And finally the appearance of modern
human less than 150000 years ago.
Through the 10 million years of human evolution, the Earths climate has changed
considerably. During the period that Michael Sarrnthies of Kie has called the Golden era
up to 3 million years ago the world was much warmer than it is now. Then conditions
started to deteriorate, and there was a gradual build-up of ice at the poles. Around 2.6 million
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years ago the climate became cyclical: ice ages characterized by huge ice sheets covering much
of North America and northern Europe were followed by interglacial, when conditions were
comparable to those we see today. Elizabeth Vrba of Yale University, one of the most vigorous
proponents of the idea of punctuated equilibrium, has shown that this change in the worlds
climate 2.6 million years ago had sudden and dramatic effects in Africa. A predominantly warm
and moist climate was transformed into one which was colder and more
arid. (Mark Maslim)
a. Give dictionary meanings of the underlined words.
b. How did the climate become cyclical?
c. Define the term Golden era.
d. Describe the various stages in the development of the human species.
3. Expand the idea embodied in One of the following in about 200 words. 20
a. The administration of justice is the firmest pillar of government.
b. Art is long and time is fleeting.
c. The better part of valour is discretion.
d. Conscience is Gods presence in man. e. Capital is only the fruit of labour, and could never have existed if labour had not first existed.
4. Complete any five of the -following sentences supplying the missing word in each:
10
a. From this happy ______ he is awakened by his child asking him to read ______ an
incredibly long and boring story about wolves.
b. The this is that, when we do travel, we never seem to these people.
c. The _______ objects were not changes, but the ______ things had altered beyond
recognition.
d. More than ten days ______ before I again had any ______ with Mrs. Reed.
e. His ______ has fallen off, revealing a ______ of dirt on his bald head.
f. No, we must accept the ______ with what grace we can and leave the weather to its own
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g. Take all you need but leave your______ behind is sound- - for the holidaymaker.
h. Modern advertisements often ______ the human race in a __________ light.
5. Use any Five of the following pairs of words your own sentences to bring out the
difference in their meaning:10
i. All Awl; (ii) Boy, Buoy; (iii) Fallow, Fellow: (iv) Jewry, Jury; (v)
Functional,
Disfunctional; (vi) Yew, Eue; (vii) Allusive, Elusive; (viii) Ladylike, Ladyship.
6. Frame sentences to illustrate the meaning of any five of the following: 15
Between Scylla and Charybidis; (ii) Hobsons choice; (iii) Sting in the tail; (iv) With open arms;
(v) Wash ones hand of (To): (vi) Count ones chickens (To); (vii) Burn midnight oil (To).
EXAMINATION 1995
Maximum marks: 100
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1. Make a Prcis of the following passage and suggest a suitable title:

When you see a cockroach or a bed-hug your first reaction is one of disgust and that is
immediately, followed by a desire to exterminate the offensive creature. Later, in the garden, you
see a butterfly or a dragonfly, and you are filled with admiration at its beauty and grace.
Mans feelings towards insects are ambivalent. He realizes that some of them for example, flies and cockroaches arc threats to health. Mosquitoes and tsetse flies have in the past sapped
the vitality of entire tribes or nations. Other insects are destructive and cause enormous losses.
Such arc locusts, which can wipe out whole areas of crops in minutes; and termites, whose often
insidious ravages, unless checked at an early stage, can end in the destructing of entire rows of
houses.
Yet mens ways of living may undergo radical changes if certain species of insects were to
become extinct. Bees, for example, pollinate the flowers of many plants which are food sources.
In the past, honey was the only sweetening agent known to man in some remote parts of the
world. Ants, although they bite and contaminate mans food are useful scavengers which
consume waste material that would otherwise pollute the environment.
Entomologists who have studied insect fossils believe them to have inhabited the earth for
nearly 400 million years. Insects live in large numbers almost everywhere in the world, from the
hottest deserts and the deepest caves to the peaks of-high mountains and even the snows of the
polar caps.
Some insect communities are complex in organizations, prompting men to believe that they
possess an ordered intelligence. But such organized behaviour is clearly not due to
- developed brains. If we have to compare them to humans, bee and ant groups behave like
extreme totalitarian societies. Each bee or ant seems to have a determined role to play
instinctively and does so without deviation.
The word instinct is often applied to insect behaviour. But some insect behaviour appears
so clear that one tends to think that some sort of intelligenceis at work. For example, the worker
bee, upon relating to the hive after having found a new source of nectar, communicates his
discovery by a kind of dance which tells other bees the direction and distance away of the nectar.
2. Read the passage and answer the questions that follow it. Use your own English as much as
possible -otherwise you will not score high marks:
A political community may be viewed as a group of people living together under a common
regime, with a common set of authorities to make important decisions for the group as a whole.
To the extent that the regime is legitimate we would further specify that the people have
internalized a common set of rules. Given the predominantly achievement-oriented norms which
seem to be a necessary concomitant of industrial society, these rules must apply equally to the
entire population or Precisely those criteria (e.g. language) which are a basis for blocking
individual social mobility, can become the basis for cleavage which threatens the disintegration
of the political community. Among post-tribal multilingual populations where the masses are illiterate, generally
unaware of national events, and have low expectations of social and economic mobility, the
problems is largely irrelevant even if such populations have a linguistically distinct elite group.
In contrast, when the general population of a society is going through the early stages of social
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mobilization, language group conflicts seem particularly likely to occur; they may develop
animosities which take on a life of their own and persist beyond the situation which gave rise to
them. The degree to which this happens may be significantly affected by the type of policy
which the government adopts during -the transitional period.
The likelihood that linguistic division will lead to political conflict is particularly great when
the language cleavages are linked with the presence of dominant group which blocks the social
mobility of members of a subordinate group, partly, at least, on the basis of language factors.
Where a dominant group holds the positions of power at the head of the major bureaucracies in a
modern society, and gives preference in recruitment to those who speak the dominant language,
any submerged group has the options of assimilations, non-mobility or group-resistance. If an
individual is overwhelmed numerically or psychologically by the dominant language, if his
group is proportionately too small to maintain a self contained community within the society,
assimilation usually occurs. In contrast, if one is part of a numerous or geographically
concentrated minority group, assimilation is more difficult and is more likely to seem
unreasonable. If the group is numerous and mobilized, political resistance is likely.
a. A political community is identified as a group of people who have three things in common;
What are they?
b. Why are the rules important7
c. Give an other word or paraphrase for
i. cleavage; ii, disintegration.
d. In the second paragraph the authors distinguish between two types of society: What are they?
e. What problem is irrelevant to the first type?
f. What is likely to happen to the second?
g. -When will language create political conflict?
h. What is assimilation and when does it occur?
i. When does group resistance occur?
j. Give the opposite of the term dominant group used in the text.
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3. Using about 250 words, comment on One of the following subjects: 25

a. Conscience is the basis of justice.
b. The Industrial Society has reached its logical end.
c. Eye for eye and tooth for tooth, has gone on too long in the world.
d. In freedom lies the happiness of the individual.
e. Children have no childhood in Pakistan.
f. To be clever enough to get all that money, one must be stupid enough to want it.
4. A woman is talking to her next-door neighbour about an elderly married couple she
knows, and about their personalities. Using only Adjectives, complete the blanks according
to the explanations she gives either before or afterwards. Vague words like good, etc. will
not-be acceptable. Write out the passage in your answer books underlying the words you have
filled in:
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Well, yesterday I met old Mrs. Ahmad. Lovely old lady she is, always cheerful and helpful
and ever so__ which is more than I can say about that husband of hers. He is so_____, arguing
and shouting and complaining all the time. And I thought my husband was ______ until I saw
the way he holds on to his money! Not that she worries or complains. I have never known any
one so____ But he is really' ,I mean he never thinks about her or what she wants. Hes got no
feelings at all, the ______ old devil! They are just so different: If you tell her about your
problems, she listens and tries to understand and gives you advice, you now, very_____. And its
only because of her that children have turned so polite and charming, such ______ young people.
He just gave them discipline, told them what they couldnt do like some _____ school master.
Still, Mrs. Ahmad keeps smiling and happy. I dont think Id be that _____, married to him!
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5. Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means exactly the same as the
sentence printed before it: 10
a. One of the local development authoritys responsibilities is town planning. The local
development authority
b. Pop tars are corrupted by the adulation of their fans. Its the way their _____
c. There was little contact-between these small groups. These small groups
d. I find funny clothes the most irritating about the modem Youth, What ______
e. He sounds as if he spent all his life abroad. He gives
f. Apart from Muhammad Ali, every one else at the meeting was a party member. With
g. He was driving very fast because he didnt know the road was icy. If______
h. Whenever you are on a bus, you hear someone talking about politics. You cant go
i. How long is it since they went to Gilgit? When _____
j. Most of the theories use the methods of experimental science without first paying attention
to plays aesthetic quality Most of theories do not take -
Time Allowed: 3 Hours
EXAMINATION- 1996
ENGLISH (PRCIS & COMPOSITION)
Maximum marks: 100
1. Make a Prcis of the following passage about one third of its length and suggest a suitable title.
(25)
.P
Along with the new revelations of science and psychology there have also occurred distortions of
what is being discovered. -Most of the scientists and psychologists have accepted Darwins
theory of evolution and his observations on survival of the fittest as a final word. While
enunciating his-postulate on the concept of the fittest, Darwin primarily projected physical force
as the main criterion, and remained unmindful of the culture of mind, The psychologist, on the
other hand, in his exclusive involvement with the psyche, has overlooked the potential of mans
physical-self and the world outside him. No synthesis has been attempted between the two with
the obvious result of the one being sacrificed at the altar of the other. This has given birth to a
civilisation which is wholly based on economic considerations, transforming man into a mere
economic being and limiting, his pleasures and sorrows to sensuous cravings.
SS
.C
With the force of his craft and guns, this man of the modern world gave birth to two cannibalistic
philosophies, the cunning capitalism and the callous communism. They joined hands to block the
evolution of man as a cultural entity, denuding him of the feelings of love, sympathy, and
humanness. Technologically, man is immensely powerful; culturally, he is the creature of stoneage, as lustful as ever, and equally ignorant of his destiny. The two world wars and the resultant
attitudes display harrowing distortion of the purposes of life and power. In this agonizing
situation the Scientist is harnessing forces of nature, placing them at the feet of his countrys
leaders, to be used against people in other parts of the world. This state of his servility makes the
functions of the scientist appear merely to push humanity to a state of perpetual fear, and lead
man to the inevitable destruction as a species with his own inventions and achievements. This
irrational situation raises many questions. They concern the role of a scientist, the function of
religion, the conduct of politician who is directing the course 5f history, and the future role of
man as a species. There is an obvious mutilation of the purpose of creation, and the relationship
.between Cosmos, Life, and Man is hidden from eyes; they have not been viewed collectively.
2. Read the following passages and answer the questions given at the end in your own words.
(20)
"In countless other places, companies locating overseas are causing environmental harm. Japan
has come in for heavy criticism from environmentalists in Southeast Asia for allegedly locating
extremely harmful processes abroad because they no longer can pass environmental muster at
home. A Malaysian subsidiary of the Mitsubishi Kasei Corp. was forced by court order to close
after years of Protests by local residents that the plants dumping of radioactive thorium was to
blame for unusually high leukemia rates in the region. Several multinational corporations
operating in South Africa, including local subsidiaries of the Bayer Pharmaceuticals concern and
a Duracell battery plant, have been implicated by local environ mentalists in toxic catastrophes
that they believe have-caused cancer and other severe health problems among workers.
Despite the threats, international markets also help diffuse many environmentally helpful
products around the world. Trade in pollution control technologies is on the rise, particularly as
environmental laws are strengthened in developing countries. International trade also can put
pressure on companies to match the environmental immolations of their international
competitors, as in the U.S. Car industrys response to Japans advances in fuel efficiency. -
.P
Meanwhile, there are indications that, contrary to some people's expectations, being open to
foreign investment can help prevent the caution of pollution havens rather than cause them.
Research by Nancy Birds all and David Wheeler of the World Bank found that dirty industries
developed faster in Latin American economies relatively in hospitable to foreign investment than
in open ones. Another World Bank study looked at the rates at which 60 different countries its
way to nations open to foreign investment far more rapidly than those closed toll The authors of
these studies suggests several possible explanations for such trends. For one, closed economies
protect capital __________ Intensive, pollution-intensive industries in situations where low-cost
labour otherwise would have been a draw to less polluting industries, Second, companies trying to
sell their goods in industrial countries need to please the growing number of green consumers
there. Finally the equipment used by multinational tends on balance to be newer and cleaner than
that employed by national industries.
SS
.C
(a) Why is Japan under heavy criticism?

(b) What did the court decree in Malaysia? and why?
(c) How does a certain industry cause cancer to the local resident?
(d) What could be the role of international markets in controlling pollution?
(e) What is a pollution-haven?
(f) What does the research by Nancy Birds all and David Wheeler say?
(g) What does the other study by World Bank reveal?
(h) Who is a green consumer"?
(i) How do you explain capital-intensive and pollution-intensive?
(j) How can we save the local residents from the pollution hazards?
3. Write a comprehensive note of approximately 250 words on ONE of the following

subjects:
(25)
(a) Religion is the greatest benefactor of human race;
(b) The devotional believers coin baseless stories about their gurus;
(c) And when I love thee not chaos 13 come again;
(d) Every system of government emerges from its economic system;
(e) Cleanliness is next to Godliness.
4. - Correct the following sentences:
(10)
(a) When public transport is better developed, there will no longer be so many cars
driving people to work.
(b) The subject of my paper-is about-air pollution;
(c) The princess's father was-a good man and who was kind;
(d) A morality play is where the characters represents virtue and vices;
(e) A-square is when all four sides are the same length;
(f) Evil and suffering has always troubled man;
(g) Why does such disturbing things exist?
Neither her cousins nor her aunt were at home;

Neither Tariq nor Khalid are worthy of her;
The first fleet of cars were made of copper;
To be honest lies must never be told
Explain FIVE of the following idioms by using them into sentences: (10)
Bear out Back out Carry over Come off
Fall back, Figure out; Live with Set in; Cover up; Iron out.- 6. Use FIVE of the following pairs of words or phrases into- sentences so, that the difference in
the meaning of each pair is made clear:(10)
(1) altogether, all together(ii)
ambiguous, ambivalent;
(iii) apprise, appraise;
(iv)
bad, badly;
(v) compare, contrast; (vi)
deduce, imply;
(vii) differ from; differ with; (viii)) farther, further.
SS
.C
.P
(h)
(i)
(j)
(k)
5.

English 1971-1996

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FEDERAL GOVT.

GRADES 16 & 17 RECRUITMENT

1. Make a Prcis of following passage in about 250 words:

Maximum marks: 100

1. Make a Prcis of the following passage in about 250 words:

Hauls my shroud sail.

Write a speech for or against the above mentioned.

Time allowed: 3 hours

1. Make a Prcis of the following passage in about 250 words:

Like to summers rain

Time allowed: 3 hours

1. Make a Prcis of the following passage in about 200 words:

I suffer like history in Dark Ages, where

Maximum marks: 100

Against the wreckful siege of battering days,

Time allowed: 3 hours

1. Make a Prcis of the following extracts:

Maximum marks: 100

1. Write a Prcis of the following passage:

Time allowed: 3 hours

Maximum marks: 100

to bring out their meanings:

Time allowed: 3 hours

He though hed lit, perhaps

Yes, quaint and currious was is!

3. a) Write brief definitions of the following ten words:

Time allowed: 3 hours

Time allowed: 3 hours

Time allowed: 3 hours

1. Write a Prcis of the following passage and suggest a suitable title: 25

vi) Tentative: a) expedient b) nominal c) provisional

Time allowed: 3 hours

1. Write a Prcis of the following Passage and suggest a suitable title:

Time allowed: 3 hours

them some day need be ashamed of his diarists dream.

Time allowed: 3 hours

Time allowed: 3 hours

Time allowed: 3 hours

1. Write a Prcis of the following passage and suggest a suitable title:

Time allowed: 3 hours

V. P. Menon read over Nehrus promise memorandum of objections.

Time allowed: 3 hours

ii) Break down

Time allowed: 3 hours

Time allowed: 3 hours

What do you understand by the mass media?

Time allowed: 3 hours

ENGLISH (Prcis & Composition)

Time allowed: 3 hours

1. Make a Prcis of the following passage and suggest a suitable title:

3. Using about 250 words, comment on One of the following subjects: 25

Time Allowed: 3 Hours

(a) Why is Japan under heavy criticism?

3. Write a comprehensive note of approximately 250 words on ONE of the following

Neither her cousins nor her aunt were at home;

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