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Past simple

Structure:

S + V2 + O
Affirmative:
He went to Makkah last week.
We played football last day.
I bought my car last month.

Negative:
He did not go to Makkah last week.
We did not play football last day .
I did not buy my car last month

Question:
Did He go to Makkah last week ?
- Yes, He did / No, He did not

Did you buy your car last month ?

- Yes, I did / No, I did't

Past Progressive
Structure:

S + was/were + V+ing +O
Affirmative:
He was playing football.
We were playing football.
I was buy a new car .

Negative:
He was not playing football.
We were not playing football.
I was not buy a new car.

Question:
Was he playing football?
- Yes, He was / No, He was not

Were we playing football?

- Yes, we were / No, we were not

Past simple
&
Past Progressive
( When - while - as )
1- Past simple

(While / As) Past progressive

- I finished my homework while Ahmed was playing football.

- As Ahmed was playing football, I finished my homework.

2- Past progressive (When) Past simple

- I was playing football when saad went to living room.
- When saad went to living room, I was playing football

V
Buy
Do
Drive
Find
Fly
Give
Have
Know
Leave
See
Speak
Spend
Take
Think
Wake

V2
Bought
Did
Drove
Found
Flew
Gave
Had
Knew
Left
Saw
Spoke
Spent
Took
Thought
Woke

V3
Bought
Done
Driven
Found
Flown
Given
Had
Known
Left
Seen
Spoken
Spent
Taken
Thought
Woken

Present Simple
Situation:

Permanent situation
Repeated habitual action
General truths

: I live in Al-Khobar
: I always come to school by car

The sky isnt green.

Structure:

S+V+O
Affirmative:
He plays football every day.
We play football every day.
I play football every day.

Negative:
He doesn't play football every day.
We don't play football every day.
I do not play football every day.

Question:
Does he play football every day?
- Yes, He does / No, He doesn't

Do you play football every day?

Present Progressive
Situation:
Actions happening now : I am reading a book now
Temporary Situation: I am working in Rome this month
Future arrangements: I am meeting Ali tomorrow.
Structure:

S+

V to be

+ V + ing + O

] Am, is, are [

]

Affirmative:

He is playing football now.

We are playing football now.
I am playing football now.
Negative:

He isn't play football now.

We aren't play football now.
I am not play football now.
Question:

Is He playing football now?

- Yes, He is / No, He isn't

Are you playing football now?

- Yes, we are / No, we aren't .

Present perfect simple

Structure:

S + have/had + V3+ O
Affirmative:
He has traveled to Makkah for two weeks.
We have traveled to Makkah already.
I have finished work since 7 min.

Negative:
He has not traveled to the Moon yet.
We have not traveled to the Moon yet .
I have not finished work yet .

Question:
Has He traveled to Makkah yet?
-

Yes, He has / No, He hasn't

Have you traveled to Makkah before?

-

Yes, I have / No, I haven't

For :
Since :

Present perfect
progressive
Structure:

S + have/had +been +V+ing+ O

Affirmative:
He has been working.
They have been studying.
I have been living here since 1985.

Negative:
He hasn't been working .
They have not been studying.
I haven't been living here since 1985.

Question:
Has he been working?
-

Yes, He has / No, He hasn't

Have you been studying ?

-

Yes, I have / No, I haven't

Future tenses
Future will :
*. S + will + V + O

I will help you

Future Going to :
*S + V to Be + going to +V
I

] Am, is, are [

]

am going to read the Book

You are going to meet Ali tonight

# Used to

Direct decisions
Spontaneous decisions
Promises
Offers & Requests
Threats & Warning
#Used for
Future Plans.
Predictions based
on evidence.

future Progressive :
* S + will be +V + ing +O
At 7 O'clock tomorrow, I will be reading the book.

I will reading all day tomorrow.

#Used for
Action will be in
Progressive in future

Future Perfect Simple:

* S + will have + V3
I will have played football , by the time I come
He will have returned by the time you leave.

#Used for

Action will be completed before a specific time in future.

Future perfect progressive:

* S + will have + V + ing + O
By afternoon, I will have been playing football for two hours.

They will have been talking for over an hour by the time Ahmed arrives.
#Used for

Show duration of action up to a certain point time

in future

Conditional sentences
Zero conditional :
* If + Present Simple, Present Simple
If

you throw the ball in the Air , it falls down

#Used for

General truth
Something happen always

First conditional :
*If + Present Simple, Will can must or imperative.
If you eat too much , you will be fat
If you want succeed , study hard
#Used for

Something which possible to happen

Second conditional :
*If + Past Simple , ....Would .
If I had a lot money , I would buy a new car
If I were you , I would travel to Makkah
#Used for

Something imaginary Or unlikely

1- We always use ( Were ) Not was

2- Unless = If not
/Example: Unless you study hard, you will fail
Use to -+v
If you do not study hard, you will fail

*. Use to +V
- I use to go to school early.
- We use to sleep at 9 o'clock.
---------------------------Question WH Used For
Translate

Where
place

Which
Things

When
Time

Why
Reason

Who
People

Whose
Possessive

How many
countable
How much
Uncountable

#In direct question

1- Where is he from?
- Do you Know Where he from is?
2- Where did he go?
- Can you tell me Where he went?
3- When does he go? (does)=verb +s /
- Can you tell me When he goes?

(do)=verb

Comparative & Superlative

Adjective
Big
Small
Important
Good
Bad
Slowly
Fast

Comparative
Bigger
Smaller
More Important
better
worse
More slowly
Faster

Superlative
The Biggest
The Smallest
The most Important
The best
The Worst
The most slowly
The fastest

Example

Ahmed is smaller than Ibrahim

Ali is more slowly than Saud.

Ahmed is the smallest of all the students.

American English
Fall
elevator
Pants
Soccer
Vacation
Cell phone
Gas
Check
Garbage
Sneakers
Chips

Ali is the most slowly in class.

British English
autumn
lift
Trousers
Football
Holiday
Mobile phone
Petrol
Bill
Rubbish
Trainers
Crisps

Verb + From Verb + with

Verb + to

suffer

argue

refer

die

cooperate

listen

escape

agree

link

Choose

associate

belong

recover

fight

speak

As light
As quite
As good
As free
As white
As hungry
As quick
As busy
Noun
Luck
Strength
Calmness
Power
Courage
Intelligence
Hero
Myth

As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As

a feather
a mouse
gold
bird
a sheet
a wolf
lightning
a bee
Adjective
Lucky
strong
Calm
Powerful
Courageous
Intelligent
Heroic
Mythical

Earthquake
Shake
Richter scale
Collapse

Volcano
Erupt
Explosion
Lava

Hurricane
Blow
Wind
Strom

Avalanche
Snow
Rock
ice

Strong adjective
Delighted
Terrified
Amazed
Exhausted
Delicious
Furious

Very pleased
Very scared
Very surprised
Very tired
Very tasty
Very angry

Do

Well

Business

My best

A Favour

A shopping

homework

Make

Money

Noise

A decision

An excuse

Mistakes

Plans

Try on
Try out
Take place
Take part
expect
Wait
Foreigners
Strangers
Habit
Customs
Story
History

Turn on
Turn Off
Put on
Put Off
Take on
Take out
Keep on
Keep out
Harmless
Informal
uncomfortable
Unable

) (

Grammar ( must have to

need )

(Must>Have to > Need)+V

1- Must + v
- I must finish this by tonight.
- I must play football.
- You mustnt smoke near a patient.
2- Have to + v
- I have to play football.
- He has to pay for shop.
- You havent to phone me
3- Need
- You need to see a doctor.
- He neednt to eat much.
---------------------------------------

HAD BETTER WOULD RATHER +V

) (

- You'd better ask doctor about it.

-

We had better go into the house because it is raining

I'd rather stay at home than go the park

I can come today but I would rather come tomorrow.

Expressing Possibility
&
Making deductions
# Expressing Possibility use: (May/ Might/Could ) +V
1- May + v
- I may travel alone
- He may be at home now.
2- Might +v
- He might study some lesson now
- He might be at home now.
3- Could + v
- I could finish from work at 8 o'clock
- He could be at home now.
#Making deductions use : ( Must/ Can't)+V
1- Must +v
- I must be at work now
2- Can't
- You can not be serious

Sport
Tennis
Boxing
Water polo
Snowboarding
Basketball
Windsurfing
Football

Place
Court
ring
Pool
Slope
Court
Sea/lake
Pitch

Equipment
Ball, racket , net , shorts , T-shirt
Boots , gloves , shorts
Ball , goggles , swimwear
Boots ,board , goggles , gloves
Ball, net , shorts , trainers , vest
Swimwear , board , sail
Ball , boots , shorts , shin pads