INTRODUCTION

TO
POTENTIAL +/- DIFFERENCE INC.
Bi-Toroid Transformer (BiTT) Innovation

A perfect storm of innovations company

Don't fight forces, use them
~ R. Buckminster Fuller

Potential +/- Difference Inc.

Clean-Tech Solutions at a Glace...
Global Clean-Tech Problem:
Transformer Back EMF Induced Magnetic Fields and Load Power Factor
causing transformer efficiency overheating and efficiency losses.
PDi Solution:
Divert and delay said magnetic fields and use them to do useful work.

The Innovation Storm Before the Calm...

Background of Potential Difference Inc:

Potential Difference Inc. (PDi) is a Canadian Clean-Tech Research & Development company
located in Mississippi Mills Ontario. PDi was incorporated in 2005 by Kevin Thistle, JC
Cunningham, Kim Cunningham and Thane Heins.

PDi's Area of Expertise is:

1.
2.
3.
4.

Electric Power Generation (hydroelectric and wind),

Electric Power Consumption Reduction,
Electric Vehicle Motor Development (EV range extension), and
Water Purification with an emphasis on chemical contamination extraction and
recycling (via fractional distillation).

Potential Difference Inc. Innovation

PDi Bi-Toroid Transformer (BiTT)

(US Patent Pending Application Number US17162537)
Overview: The Bi-Toroid Transformer (BiTT) is a new transformer design that now allows all
transformers to deliver power to a load with the same input current that is required on no-load
and to always operate with a near no-load power factor while on-load regardless of the load
power factor.
Background: The BiTT differs from conventional transformer designs that have primary and
secondary windings that are magnetically linked together.
The BiTT has two secondary windings and an alternative flux path route which magnetically
de-links the primary from the secondary coils. This design allows the secondary coil's BEMF
induced magnetic flux to provide the on-load flux magnitude increase which is required to
deliver power to a load. This allows the BiTT primary to operate constantly and very efficiently
at a no-load input current level whether off or on-load and for the secondary coils to selfpower themselves with their own BEMF induced flux.

The BiTT primary coil consumes almost pure Reactive Power on no-load and the BiTT Power
Factor does not change dramatically when placed on-load (more than 90% less than
conventional transformer designs). This is due to the fact that the secondary coil BEMF
induced fluxes do not enter the high reluctance primary core and remain in the lower
relucatance outer toroid ring. Finite Element Analysis: http://jnaudin.free.fr/dlenz/DLE05en.htm
Conventional Transformer Principle of Operation:
Conventional transformers have a primary and
a secondary which are magnetically linked by
a ferromagnetic core. The coupling coefficient
for a conventional transformer between the
primary and the secondary is 1 and the coupling
coefficient between the secondary and the primary
is also 1.
This mutual coupling coefficient is important because it
ensures that the primary coil's magnetic flux
is transferred to the secondary coil as efficiently as
possible and vice versa.
When the conventional transformer is placed
on-load, current flows in the secondary coil
to the load. This current induces a BEMF magnetic field
into the primary core. This secondary BEMF induced
magnetic flield (or flux) couples directly back into the
primary coil because there is a mutual coupling coefficient
of 1 between the secondary and primary coils.
The magnitude of secondary induced magnetic flux entering the primary coil's core reduces
the primarys coil's impedance (AC resistance) and as a result more source current is able to
flow into the primary coil.
This increase in primary current also increases the primary's magnetic flux magnitude
delivered to the secondary coil which is critically important for the secondary to deliver power
to the load. Without the on-load flux magnitude increase the secondary voltage would
collapes on-load and no power would be delivered to the load.
The problem with said required primary current increase is that it comes at a very high
price due to primary heating, resultant losses in transformer efficiency and reduced
transformer life span.
Critical and costly design steps must be taken to ensure that the transformer primary does not
overheat, burn up, catch fire or explode.

Hyperphysics
Critical operational load restrictions must also be observed to allow conventional transformers
to deliver useful output with minimal loss due to heat.
All of these factors lead to restrictions in conventional transformers effectiveness across
variable operational ranges and require many different transformers to accommodate different
load conditions if transformer efficiency and operational protection is to be maintained.

Hyperphysics

RS
Ohms

VP
Volts

VS
Volts

IP
IS
Amps Amps

PP
Watts

PS
Watts

Open

119

238

3.2

50

100

99

198

4.8

2.0

114

395

20

60

120

12.1

6.0

729

717

24

48

19.2

9.6

1844

460

5.7

11.4

22.9

11.4

2612

131

Hyperphysics

Hyperphysics

BiTT Principle of Operation and Design:

The Bi-Toroid Transformer
design empolys two secondary
coils and the coupling coefficient
between the primary and the
two secondary coils is 1.
On no-load the BiTT operates
like any conventional transformer
although the primary flux is split
and shared between the two
secondaries.
The Power Factor is ideally zero on
no-load with pure Reactive Power
being consumed in the BiTT
primary.
The BiTT differs operationally from
a conventional transformer when
placed on-load.
The secondary BEMF induced magnetic
flux couples from one secondary
coil to the other via the low
reluctance outer flux path route
and avoids the high reluctance
primary core route.
This flux diversion technique;
1) Allows the primary no-load
input current to be
maintained and to not
increase under load.
2) Allows the primary heat
losses to be minimized at
no-load levels even with
short circuits on each
secondary.
3) Allows the BiTT to operate
with a no-load Power
Factor while on-load with
purely resistive loads on
the secondaries.

BiTT Magnetic Diode:

The BiTT is essentially a magnetic diode and only allows power delivery in one direction. The
coupling coefficient between the two secondaries is 1 whereas the coupling coefficient
between the secondary coils and the primary is 0.
The BiTT completely isolates primary coil from the load with regards to on-load current
magnitude increases and power factor variations.
Magnetic Diode for Generators: When employed between an electric generator and a load
the BiTT also isolates the generator from the load allowing the generator to deliver Reactive
Power to the BiTT primary while the BiTT secondaries deliver Real Power to the load.
Magnetic Diode for Motors: When placed between a motor and the grid the BiTT allows the
motor to operate with a near zero Power Factor as well.
Conventional Transformer
On-Load
Load Power Factor = 1

BiTT
On-Load
Load Power Factor = 1

In head to head comparison between a conventional transforer and a BiTT on the same load
the BiTT Power Factor is reduced by 92% while the primary current remains unchanged from
no-load to on-load and in some cases primary current is even reduced when placed on-load.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OjHKjmHrSWM&list=UU6ZPiUObgaWAyeV3SmUH3mg

Bi-Toroid Transformer Documentation:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=D4bXjL4HUHs&list=PLkH1zLdXy1Sy3_St1tUwtY_6qiusDkyG9

http://www.slideshare.net/ThaneCHeins/bitt-jln-labsreport-independent-third-party-test-france

http://www.slideshare.net/PotentialDifferenceInc/philips-bitt-basic-principle-v4

http://www.slideshare.net/ThaneCHeins/femm-bi-tt-simulation-1

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OjHKjmHrSWM&list=UU6ZPiUObgaWAyeV3SmUH3mg

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-Q3NaNEmdok&list=UU6ZPiUObgaWAyeV3SmUH3mg

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C0UZHWhHzyo&list=UU6ZPiUObgaWAyeV3SmUH3mg

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4_zgR5fyF30&list=PLkH1zLdXy1Sy3_St1tUwtY_6qiusDkyG9

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IdL5EFkfxBQ&list=PLkH1zLdXy1Sy3_St1tUwtY_6qiusDkyG9

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xd6iBh4vHq4&list=PLkH1zLdXy1Sy3_St1tUwtY_6qiusDkyG9

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ex21QOkGANo&list=PLkH1zLdXy1Sy3_St1tUwtY_6qiusDkyG9

Thane C. Heins
President & CEO
Potential +/- Difference Inc. R & D
"We generate solutions"
Email: thaneh@potentialdifference.ca

Cell: 613.795.1602
Technology Endorsements & Industry Comments
"As I'm concerned this is a work of GENIUS (and a rather major one at that)."
- Les Virany BSEE MIT Former USPTO examiner and Registered Patent Agent
"As a mechanical engineer I'm here to explain how it works and why it works. And it does work;
over a dozen of us were witness to that last Monday (as well as a film crew--filming in 3D no
less!)."
-Mike Brace, Tech Editor EV World (2012)
"This is the Holy grail for generators."
-NRC Scientist Doug Hartwick at Ottawa University (2009)
"This is a freakin' game changer!"
-Mike Elwood, Chairman Electric Mobility Canada at Ottawa University (2009)
"Of course it accelerates when a load is applied...! This represents several new chapters in
physics, that is why we are consulting MIT."
-Dr. Habash, University of Ottawa (2007)
"It works and it is not something I would have expected, now I am just trying to figure it out?"
-Dr. Marcus Zahn at MIT (2007)
"A number of your experiments are not lying in the field of Maxwellian electrodynamics? That is
fascinating! I will inform you on any progress that i'll make along with reports."
-Dr. Evstigneev N.M., Leading Scientist, Department of Chaotic Dynamics, Institute for
System Analysis, Russian Academy of Science (2009)
"Your claims seem to violate the law of conservation of energy and Maxwell's equations of electromagnetics." I will send you a short proposal, including my plan of work, estimate of cost, etc.
Then we can sign a short agreement and proceed."
-Mehrdad (Mark) Ehsani, Ph.D., P.E., F.IEEE, F.SAE, Robert M. Kennedy Professor &
Director, Power Electronics and Motor Drives Laboratory & Advanced Vehicle Systems
Research Program, Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Texas A&M
University (2008)
"This is absolutely fascinating stuff you are doing!"
-Joseph Shin, Electricity and Magnetism Professor, Concordia University (2011)
"If possible would like to meet with you to discuss your approach to the Association and of course
to get a better feel about the physics behind your invention. I would still like to see what you are
doing and perhaps we can include some of your material on our website newsletter?"
-David Mann, Canadian Association for the Advancement of Science (2009)
"Thane, Your Press Release was most interesting to me as a physicist and an engineer. The level of
technical detail was adequate to tell me that you probably have made a very significant advance
in applied physics and in safely and successfully handling a new source of electric power.
Congratulations!"
-Dr. Stanley Townsend, University of Toronto & Former Managing Editor of the Canadian
Journal of Physics (2006)
"We are interested in using the ReGenX technology in our LinkVolt Project to reduce roadside
refueling."
-Neil Young, LincVolt Project (2011)

"The magnetics lab here at Goddard expressed some interest in having you come down to do a
colloquium."
-NASA (2008)
"We really are more interested in developing its use and application for military power
requirements."
-US Air Force (2009)
"I have asked Mr. Gilles Brassard, A/Director, Spacecraft Payload here at the Canadian Space
Agency to look at your technologies and to visit your laboratory."
-Canadian Space Agency (2009)
"I am writing to ask you to submit what you feel would be an appropriate document to describe
your regenerative acceleration technology for circulation to our Committee members."
-Al Cormier, Executive Director Electric Mobility Canada (2009)
"You seem to have made an interesting discovery. Our internal physics experts review this
information and have determined that it is very interesting work."
-Mike Simpson, Transportation Analyst Rocky Mountain Institute (2009)
"Would you be willing to contribute an article on this technology to the Journal for Engineering and
Public Policy?"
-Donald Wallace, Executive Director Ontario Centre for Engineering and Public Policy
(2009)
"Thanks for providing technical information. If the effect of your invention is really true, I am sure
there will be strong needs in the market."
-Nissan Japan (2012)
"I would like to know why you are not the toast of the town... this technology can be offered as a
range extension option to our clients."
-Thomas Fritz, Vice President Electric Vehicle Operations, CODA Automotive (2012)
"The technology looks really interesting and is revolutionary. I would like to learn more about the
technology. Is it possible to organize a demo or a lecture in the USA?"
-Chrysler Electrified Powertrains (2012)
"This sounds interesting. I'd like you to connect with our Fuel Economy Learning Program
manager, to schedule a time for you to come in and share the technology with us. We need to
know more about the Physics behind it."
-General Motors (2012)
"It would be fitting for the inventor of the automobile to be first with your revolutionary
technology and for me to play a role in that would be awesome!"
-Mercedes-Benz (2012)
"When we finally understand what Thane Heins has discovered, we likely will have to rewrite the
laws of electromagnetism."
-Mike Brace EV World Tech Editor (2010)