AP

Chemistry
BT 3

Buffers and Titration

1. Common Ions &
Simulation

Name ____________________
Teacher __________________
Period _____
Date _____________________

Illustrate how the common ion effect changes the pH of a solution. Calculate
the pH of the resulting reaction.

PART I: EFFECTS OF COMMON IONS

ACID SYSTEM
1) Write a chemical equation that illustrates what happens when pure HC3H5O3 is placed
in water.

2) Draw a molecular view of the components in the

beaker at equilibrium. Make a key above the
particles in your equation to show what each
particle looks like.
3) Calculate the pH of a 0.10 M HC3H5O3(aq), lactic
acid, solution? Ka = 1.4 x 10-4.

SALT SYSTEM
4) Write a chemical equation that illustrates what happens when solid NaC3H5O3 is placed
in water.

5) Draw a molecular view of the components in the

beaker at equilibrium.
6) Calculate the pH of a 0.10 M NaC3H5O3(aq),
sodium lactate, solution?

COMBINED ACID AND SALT

7) Write a chemical equation that illustrates the system that forms when NaC3H5O3(aq) is
added to HC3H5O3(aq). (hints: What is the initial equilibrium system? Remove the
spectator.)

8) Predict what happens to the pH of 0.10 M HC3H5O3(aq) solution when enough

NaC3H5O3(s) is added so that the initial concentration of the NaC3H5O3(aq) is 0.10 M?
The pH of the solution [increases / decreases / does not change]? Support your
hypothesis with a brief explanation.

9) Draw a molecular view of the components in the

beaker at equilibrium.

The computer simulation to accompany this pre-lab exercise is located at

http://www.chem.iastate.edu/group/Greenbowe/sections/projectfolder/flashfiles/acidba
sepH/pHbuffer20.html
10)
Use the computer simulation to check the pH of a 0.10 M HC3H5O3 / 0.10 M
NaC3H5O3 solution. Use 100mL of each. Record the pH.
11)

Explain why the pH changes when NaC3H5O3(aq) is added.

12)
Use the computer simulation to make at least 2 other solutions using
NaC3H5O3(aq) and HC3H5O3(aq). Record what you mixed and the resultant pH. What
variables could you adjust?
PART II: VARYING CONCENTRATIONS
13)
Use the computer simulation to mix the following solutions. Compare the pH of
the solutions.
a) 100.0 mL 0.500 M HC3H5O3(aq) / 100.0 mL 0.500 M NaC3H5O3(aq) pH = _____________
b) 100.0 mL 0.100 M HC3H5O3(aq) / 100.0 mL 0.500 M NaC3H5O3(aq) pH = _____________
c) 100.0 mL 0.500 M HC3H5O3(aq) / 100.0 mL 0.100 M NaC3H5O3(aq) pH = _____________

14)
Explain what causes the difference in pH of the solutions. It will be helpful to
write a chemical equation and explain how LeChatelier's Principle applies.

Practice Problem (for more practice see pg 676 (4, 8)

Calculate [H+] and the percent dissociation of HF in a solution containing 1.0 M HF (Ka = 7.2
X 10-4) and 1.0 M NaF. (7.2 x 10-4 M, 0.072%)

TEACHER QUESTIONS
What occurs on the particle level when the conjugate base salt is added to an existing
solution of acid?
What factors could you adjust to increase the pH of the A/CB system?
What factors could you adjust to decrease the pH of the A/CB system?
When should you write an equation that begins with the CB in water?