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2. Frederick Law Olmsted, known as the father of American landscape architecture, is known for designing
_________ and then becoming the original commissioner of _____________ National Park.
A. New Yorks Central Park, Yosemite
B. Niagara Falls, Yellowstone
C. Greek-style public gardens, Yellowstone
D. Yellowstone National Park, Yosemite
E. Chicagos City Parks, Yellowstone
Answer: A
Question Classification: Knowledge
6. Over the past decade, the number of park visitors has _______ and park budgets have ________.
A. increased by more than one half; increased by about 25%
B. increased by one third; decreased by about 25%
C. decreased by more than one half; decreased by about 25%
D. decreased by one third; increased by about 25%
E. stayed about the same; decreased by about 25%
Answer: B
Question Classification: Knowledge
7. One way to control herd sizes in national parks is the reintroduction of predators, but this course is opposed by
A. animal rights activists.
B. neighbors and local ranchers.
C. wilderness advocates.
D. scientists.
E. park rangers.
Answer: B
Question Classification: Knowledge
8. Which of the following factors is probably the most important in the success of the reintroduction of wolves in
Yellowstone National Park?
A. The cooperation of local residents.
B. The genetic diversity in the population.
C. The availability of prey species.
D. The hybridization of the species with coyotes.
E. Both The cooperation of local residents and The availability of prey species.
Answer: E
Question Classification: Comprehension
11. Many rural communities object to nearby wilderness designations because they
A. depend on natural resources in the area.
B. dislike and misunderstand wildlife.
C. object to subsidies for wildlife.
D. dislike having wilderness nearby.
E. object to all of the campers and hikers who visit the area.
Answer: A
Question Classification: Knowledge
12. Wilderness proponents emphasize that ninety-six percent of the United States is open to development; the
remaining four percent consists mainly of areas developers
A. could not enter because of legal restrictions.
B. felt was too beautiful to ruin.
C. agreed was culturally important.
D. could not reach or did not want.
E. agreed was important for ecological services.
Answer: D
Question Classification: Knowledge
13. The International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has described five categories of protected areas
based on _______.
A. size
B. importance
C. human impact and intervention
D. world cultural value
E. ecological value
Answer: C
Question Classification: Knowledge
14. How is the Annapurna Conservation Area Project different from other ecotourism regions in Nepal?
A. It is visited by tourists less often and therefore suffers from less environmental damage.
B. It was recently opened to tourists but is currently suffering from environmental degradation.
C. It is the only pristine wilderness area that tourists can visit in Nepal.
D. It is managed so that the fees paid by tourists go directly to local people.
E. It is visited by tourists more often and therefore suffers from more environmental damage.
Answer: D
Question Classification: Knowledge
Answer: B
Question Classification: Knowledge
16. Poor people in developing countries often threaten wildlife preserves because
A. they dislike unsettled territory.
B. they need the resources to survive.
C. they enjoy sport hunting.
D. vandalism is a popular use of spare time.
E. their religion often emphasizes the action of dominating wildlife.
Answer: B
Question Classification: Comprehension
17. Which part of a biosphere reserve has the most intensive human impact?
A. in the core zone
B. in the buffer zone
C. in the multiple use zone
D. there is no human impact in a biosphere reserve.
E. there is the same amount of human impact throughout the biosphere reserve
Answer: C
Question Classification: Comprehension
18. If managed carefully, ecotourism benefits natural areas by giving economic value to land and water resources
A. that have no other value.
B. that no one is interested in.
C. that never existed before.
D. without destroying them.
E. All of these are economic benefits of carefully managed ecotourism.
Answer: D
Question Classification: Comprehension
21. Landscape ecology includes many perspectives that, at least in part, ecology that is more traditional has held in
the past. However, one distinction between landscape ecology and traditional ecology is the inclusion of
A. humans in the system.
B. a systems perspective.
C. an ecocentric philosophy.
D. modern technological tools.
E. a philosophy of the dynamic nature of the ecosystem.
Answer: A
Question Classification: Comprehension
22. Corridors have the potential to effectively enlarge which of the following?
A. preserve areas
B. genetic pools
C. feeding ranges
D. areas of refuge against natural disasters (e.g., fire).
E. Corridors have the potential to enlarge all of these.
Answer: E
Question Classification: Comprehension
23. Which of the preserve shapes above has the greatest interior area relative to perimeter area?
A. a
B. b
C. c
D. d
E. All of the shapes have about the same interior/perimeter measurements.
Answer: C
Question Classification: Analysis
24. Which of the preserve shapes above is the worst shape for a species that requires a core area?
A. a
B. b
C. c
D. d
E. All of the shapes have about the same measurements.
Answer: B
Question Classification: Analysis
25. Which of the preserve shapes above would support the most species that require a core area?
A. a
B. b
C. c
D. d
E. All of the shapes have about the same measurements.
Answer: C
Question Classification: Analysis
27. If you were going to hypothesize about the results of the World Wildlife Fund and Smithsonian experiment in the
Brazilian rainforest to determine the effects of shape and size on biological reserves you would probably use the
model of ____________ and expect the quick disappearance of some species especially those species that are
__________ and located in _____ areas.
A. island biogeography; specialists; small
B. biogeographical areas; generalists; small
C. island biogeography; specialists; large
D. biogeographical areas; consumers; large
E. reserve areas; consumers; remote
Answer: A
Question Classification: Application
29. Restoration ecology is similar, at least in part, to stewardship and management. However, the main distinction
that sets restoration ecology apart from stewardship and management is
A. that humans are a part of the system.
B. direct human intervention for a predetermined end.
C. a philosophy that nature will heal without intervention.
D. the use of modern technological tools such as geographic information systems.
E. a philosophy that humans will not be able to fix a system.
Answer: B
Question Classification: Application
31. What was the most important factor in restoring the Curtis Prairie at the University of Wisconsin, Madison?
A. removal of alien intruders
B. reintroduction of native bison
C. planting seeds
D. periodic fires
E. allowing domestic livestock to disperse seeds
Answer: D
Question Classification: Knowledge
34. Floods are worse after levees are built and wetlands are drained because
A. water moves into rivers more quickly.
B. rainfall becomes more intense per unit area.
C. the total volume of water increases.
D. people complain more about damage.
E. All of these are reasons floods are worse after levees are built and wetlands are drained.
Answer: A
35. Which of the following perspectives is not a difference between ecosystem management and traditional policies
of the past?
A. Humans cannot be separated from nature.
B. Scientific knowledge is provisional and as more knowledge is gained, policies change.
C. Scientific knowledge is the basis for management since science is free from bias.
D. Ecosystem management requires a high level of routine monitoring.
E. All of these are perspectives that reflect a difference between ecosystem management and traditional policies of
the past.
Answer: C
Question Classification: Comprehension
36. In criticizing ecosystem management, one of your classmates says that it is arrogant for us to think that we can
manage nature. You respond that you think she probably has a(n) ______________ worldview.
A. biocentric
B. anthropocentric
C. expansionist
D. anthropomorphic
E. stewardship
Answer: A
Question Classification: Application
37. The principal purpose of Arcata, Californias, marsh and wildlife sanctuary is to
A. re-establish populations of rare cranes.
B. provide an educational resource for school students.
C. filter the citys sewage.
D. store drinking water for urban use.
E. provide open park space for the citys community.
Answer: C
Question Classification: Knowledge
38. The first wildlife refuges were established in the United States shortly after 1960.
A. True
B. False
Answer: B
Question Classification: Knowledge
40. Flood-control structures on all rivers help decrease the level of floods when there are especially hard rains.
A. True
B. False
Answer: B
Question Classification: Knowledge
41. One benefit of transboundary Peace Parks in Africa is that border fences will be removed and historic wildlife
migrations can resume.
A. True
B. False
Answer: A
Question Classification: Knowledge