Dziubinschi Lorand-Andrei

The higrothermic design of filling elements

The higrothermic design of filling elements has as objective the completion of the
thermal insulation of the construction elements which delimitates the heated rooms regarding the
insurance of an imposed interior climate due to hygienic sanitary conditions of the flat buildings
also for the insurance of a rational energy and fuel consumption, the calculus being made
according to C107/1997.
It is also necessary to determine a global coefficient of thermal insulation, that means the
sum of heat looses made through direct transmission through the cover area for a difference of
temperature between interior and exterior about I k reported to the volume of the building, being
added the necessary heat to refresh the air.

Preliminary thermal verification of the filling elements

According to the standard C 107/1997 well have the following minimal thermal
resistances Rmin of the filling elements:

For the exterior walls Rmin=1.4m2k/W

For the exterior carpentry Rmin=0.50 m2k/W
For the floor above the last level, under the roof Rmin=3.00m2k/W

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Exterior wall

The exterior walls of the building are made from brickwork of BCA 25 cm.

1-exterior plaster d=2cm

2-brickwork BCA d25
3-interior plaster d=2cm

The total specific resistance at thermic transfer for a filling element made of multiple

layers is computed with:

n

dj

j 1

bj j

Rso=Rsi

+Rse

where

Rsc =the specific resistance at thermic transfer through the surface at the exterior
Rsi =the specific resistance at thermic transfer through the surface at the interior
dj=layer thickness
bj=correction coefficient of the material in the j layer, equals to 1.00
j=the thermic conductivity of the material in the j layer, according to the
normative C107/97.

annex A of the

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Ref=1/8+0.02/0.93+0.35/0.27+1/24= 1.52(m2k/W)
The maximum possible reduction is:

RR
R

min

100 =7.9%

It is necessary a careful treatment of the thermic bridges to reduce the unidirectional

thermic resistance under the value of 80.

Ref=1/8+0.5/0.27+0.025/0.040+0.05/0.93=1.88 (m2k/W)
Maximum possible reduction is:
R-Rmin/R* 100=25.5%

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Unheated floor above the basement -polystyrene insulation of 10 cm

Ref

m2 k
1 0.02 0.15
0.1
0.05 1

2.83
8 0.93 1.71 0.040 0.93 24
W

The maximum possible reduction is:

R Rmin
2.83 1.65
100
42%
R
2.83 100

Floor under the last level-mineral wool insulation of 12cm

Ref

m2 K
1 0.02 0.13 0.12 0.03 1

3.30
8 0.93 1.71 0.040 0.93 24
W

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The maximum possible reduction is:

R Rmin
3.30 3
100
9.1%
R
3.30 100
Reinforced concrete diaphragm plated with B.C.A. of 30cm

m2 K
1 0.02 0.15 0.3
0.3
1

Ref

1.42
8 0.93 1.71 0.27 0.27 24
W
Sweat calculus:
The sweating of water vapors from the air on the surface of the building element or in his
structure can be accompanied by effects which negatively influences exploitation and durability
of construction.
The calculus of exterior elements of the water vapors diffusion has as purpose protecting over
wetting and avoiding of the anterior enumerated elements.

Checking of the floor sweating over basement

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In order to avoid condense on the surface of the construction element is necessary to:

Tsi Tr where:
Tsi -the interior temperature of the surface
Tr -dew temperature, the temperature at which the effective pressure of the water

vapors become equal with the bubble pressure.

The bubble pressure is established function of interior temperature Ti and humidity li
So that for inhabiting buildings with more apartments:

I i 60 %
Tsi Ti

Ti 20 0 C Tr 12 0 C

TI Tu
Rsi
Ros

Rsi 0.125

m2 k
W

Ros Rse

d
Rse
b

1 0.02 0.15
0.1
0.05 1
m2 k
Ref

2.83
8 0.93 1.71 0.040 0.93 24
W
Rse 0.084

Tsi 20

m2 k
W

20 5
0.125 19.340 C Tr 120 C
2.83

Checking of the sweat risk in the structure of the inferior floor

The checking of the sweat in the element structure is carried in order to find the humidity of
them for an year. The pressure of the bubble point pressure is watching to compare. This is done
with graphically-analytical way. Is drowning the variation diagram of the bubble point pressure

Dziubinschi Lorand-Andrei

and the partial pressures diagram if the diagrams p s and p v do not intersect than in the structure
of the walls dont appear sweating in the cold time.
If the diagrams p s and p v are tangent or intersect in two points than the condense appear on a
surface or zone of sweat. In this case is done the verification of the progressive water
accumulation for each year.
Determination of the temperature at the layers limits:
Ti 20 0 C ; Tsi 19 .34 0 C

T1 Ti

Ti Tu
Ros

d1
20 3
0.02
0
20
Rsi
0.125
19.11 C
b1 1
2.83
1.0 0.93

T2 Ti

Ti Tu
Ros

d1
d2
20 3
0.02
0.1
0
20
Rsi

0.125
4.11 C
b

2
.
83
1
.
0

0
.
93
1
.
0

0
.
04

1
1
2
2

T3 Ti

Ti Tu
Ros

d3
d1
d2
20 3
0.02
0.1
0.15
20
Rsi

0.125
3.58
b1 1 b2 2 b3 3
2.83
1.0 0.93 1.0 0.04 1.00 1.71

d3
d1
d2
d4

Rsi

1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4

20 3
0.02
0.1
0.15
0.03
0
20

0.125
3.38 C
2.83
1.0 0.93 1.0 0.04 1.00 1.71 1.00 0.93

Tse Ti

Ti Tu
Ros

Determination of the vapor bubble point pressures

Ti 200 C p si 2339
T1 19.110 C p1 2210
T2 4.110 C p2 818
T3 3.580 C p3 792
Tse 3.380 C p se 781
Tu 30 C pu 759

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Determination of the medium temperature of the layers

Tsi T1 19.34 19.11

19.230 C
2
2
T T 19.11 4.11
1 2
11.610 C
2
2

T1med
T2 meed

T3 T4 4.11 3.58

3.845
2
2
T Tse 3.58 3.38
4

3.480 C
2
2

T3meed
T4 meed

Calculus of M ij coefficients. These coefficients are choused from the tables function of Tmed
layer

T1med 19.230 C 51.75 108 s 1

T2 med 11.610 C 52.87 108 s 1
T3med 3.850 C 54.06 108 s 1
T4 med 3.480 C 54.12 108 s 1

Strength calculus at the vapor passing

Rvi d i

1
M ji in which:
k di

d i the thickness of the i layer, expressed in m

1
-the permeability vapor resistance factor of the material from which the layer is made
K di

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Rv1 d1

1
M ji 0.02 7.1 51.75 10 8 7.3 10 8
K di

Rv 2 d 2

1
M j 2 0.1 30 52.87 10 8 158.6110 8
Kd2

Rv 3 d 3

1
M j 3 0.15 24.3 54.06 10 8 197.05 10 8
Kd3

Rv d1

1
M ij 0.02 24.3 54.12 10 8 26.23 10 8
K di

Determination of the vapor partial pressures

p si li 2340 60

1404
100
100
p
759 85
pvu su e
645.15
100
100
pvi

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From the following figure is observing that in the floor structure under basement doesnt appear
sweating: