BALLAST SYSTEM

Project :
Desain IV
Doc. No. : 08 - 42 12 015
Rev :
1

BALLAST SYSTEM
System is used to maintain balance (stability) in case the ship trim or list (roll), especially
during loading and unloading in ports. Ballast tank also serves as the bottom of the hull when
the security leak. So that water can not directly enter into the load space; due to the water has
been accommodated / detained in ballast tank.Untuk balance needs to be done charging and
discharge sea water in ballast tanks, so as to keep the center of gravity as low as possible and
maintain the ship position is always in conditions even keel.

A lot of things to note about this ballast system, eg volume supplied to the ballast tank, speed of
charging and discharge ballast water, and a few other things in accordance with another
important class of rules, to find out more can be seen on the following classroom rules.
ballast pipeline (BKI 2007 Vol III; P; 1.1)
1.
a. Suction side of ballast water tanks are arranged so that the trim condition was water
ballasts still be in the pump.
b.
The ship has a double bottom tank is also equipped with a wide suction side on the
outside of the tank. Where the length of the ballast water tanks of more than 30 m,
classes may be able to request additional suction side to meet the front of the tank.
2.
Pipes passing through tanks

3.

3.

Pipe water ballast tanks should not be through the installation of drinking water, raw water
tank, oil tank and lubricating oil tank. (See BKI 200 2007; Section 11-8;Tabel 11.5)
Piping System (BKI 2007 Vol III; P; 1.3)
a. When the ballast water tanks will be used specifically as a dryer hatch, the tank is
also connected to the system Bilga.
Where, on cargo ships passing through the pipeline under collusion Bulkhead
b.
freeboard, a shut-off valve should be installed in collusion Bulkhead Fore Peak)
c. Valves should be controllable from the weather deck (freeboard deck)
d. When the fore peak is directly related to a space that can be passed is fixed (eg bow
thruster space) separate from the cargo space, this valve can be mounted directly on
the collision bulkhead below the space without any additional equipment for the
organization.
Ballast Pump
Number and capacity of the pump must meet the operational requirements of the vessel.

CALCULATION SYSTEM BALLAST

1.

Pump Capacity

(Q)

In the General Plan has been known that the volume of 842.72 m3 ballast tanks with
ballast water weight ton/m3 842.72 m3 x 1.025 = 863.788 tons of it if the volume is
planned to be vacated within 8 hours, the pump capacity required is:
Q = V/t
= 842,72 / 8
= 105.34 m^3 / hr

BALLAST SYSTEM

Project :
Desain IV
Doc. No. : 08 - 42 12 015
Rev :
2

2.

Fluid flow velocity

(v)
Fluid flow velocity in the ballast piping system is assumed, so that:
v
=
3 m/s

3.

Pipe diameter ballast

(D)
From the results of calculations and assumptions ballast tank capacity of fluid flow velocity
in the pipe, then we can determine the diameter of the pipe through which the fluid as
follows:
Q = vxA
= v x (1/4) . . (D^2)
D = (Q x 4) / ( x v)
Where:
v
= Fluid flow velocity
=
3 m/s
Q = Ballast pump capacity
=
105.34 m^3 / hr
= 105,34 / 3600
=
0.03 m^3 / s
So,
D = (0,03 x 4) / (3,14 x 3)
=
0.11 m
=
111.47 mm
=
4.39 inch
Path planning system passing through ballast Fuel tank, cofferdam, and Ballast tank itself.
So, from the results of the calculation can be selected pipe diameter pipe demand in the
market are as follows Class :
Ballast piping through the, E/R, Living Quarter, tangki ballast, and Void Space
=
M
Category
JIS G 3452
=
Merk
Steel Galvanis
=
Material
Outside diameter =
139.8 mm
mm
=
4.5
Thikness
Inside diameter
=
130.8 mm
Lenght pipe
=
75
m

4.

Ballast piping through the the fuel tank

=
D
Kategori
JIS G 3452
=
Merk
Cast Steel
=
Bahan
Diameter luar
139.8 mm
=
mm
=
4.5
Ketebalan
Diameter dalam =
130.8 mm
Panjang pipa
=
8.45 m
Calculation Head Total
(HT)

BALLAST SYSTEM

Project :
Desain IV
Doc. No. : 08 - 42 12 015
Rev :
3

a.

Head velocity
(hv)
speed difference between the suction side discharge. To head velocity in the fluid
velocity is assumed to discharge to the suction side of the same: and there is no
pressure difference between the sides.
hv =
(v^2discharge - v^2suction) / 2g
=
0m

b.

Head Pressure

(hp)

pressure difference between the suction side discharge. Assumed to be the

difference in pressure on either side of the same. So it can be formulated as follows:
hp =
(Pdischarge - Psuction) / .g
=
0m
c.

Head statis
(hs)
A height difference between the discharge side of the suction side. In this case, the
height is calculated from the suction side to the discharge over board. So obtained
the following values:
Where :
Draught
(T) =
7.49 m
Hight over board =
7,49 + 0,75
=
8.24 m
hs =
8.24 m

d.

Head Losses Suction side

(htsuction)

Head losses is a fluid energy that is lost due to specific factors; such as friction and
accessories in pipes. So it requires calculations as follows:
Head Mayor Losses
(hf1)
energy lost due to friction between the fluid along the pipe by the fluid. So it can
use the formula to calculate the Major Head Losses as follows:
hf1 = x (L / D) x (v^2 / 2g)
Where:

= Fluid friction factor between the pipes. In order to determine the value
of , it must calculate the Reynolds Number (Re) first.
Re =
v x D /
Where:
v
=
velocity of fluid flow
=
3
m/s
D
=
diameter of the pipes Ballast
=
0.131 m

=
viskositas fluida
=
0.822 cst saat 30 drajat
=
0.000000822 m^2 / s
Re =
(3 m/s x 0,131 m) / 0,000000822 m^2/s
=
477372.263 Re > 4000
( turbulen )

BALLAST SYSTEM

Project :
Desain IV
Doc. No. : 08 - 42 12 015
Rev :
4

= 0,02 + (0,0005 / D)
= 0,02 + (0,0005 / 0,131)

=
0.02382
L
= Lenght pipe
=
53.23 m
v
= velocity of fluid flow
=
3
m/s
So as to know the value of Head Major Losses as follows :
hf1 = 0,0238 x (53,23 / 0,131) x ((3^2) / (2 x 9,8))
=
4.45 m

Head Minor Losses

(hl1)
energy lost due to accessories that are on the long pipe fed by the fluid. So it can
use the formula to calculate the Minor Head Losses as follows:
hl1 = x (v^2 / 2g)
Where:

= Loss factor of the energy lost due to pipe accessories. In order to

determine the value of , it must know the accessories used in the
pipeline as follows:
No
Tipe
n
k
nxk
1 Butterfly valve
2
0.6
1.2
2 Gate valveremotly
1
1.2
1.2
3 Strainer
2
0.58
1.16
4 NRV
0
2
0
5 Elbow
1
0.7
0.7
5 Tjoint
2
0.9
1.8
Total
=
6.06
v
= velocity of fluid flow
=
3
m/s
g
= gravitation
=
9.8
m/s^2
So as to know the value of a Minor Head Losses as follows:
hl1 = 6,06 x ((3^2) / (2 x 9,8))
=
2.78 m
So from the calculation of the value of the Head Major and Head Minor
Losses.Total Losses can be seen on the suction side is
htsuction
=
hf1 + hl1
=
4,45 + 2,78
=
7.23 m

e.

Head Losses Discharge side

(htdischarge)

Head losses is a fluid energy that is lost due to factors - specific factors; such as
friction and accessories in pipes. So it requires calculations as follows:
Head Mayor Losses
(hf2)
energy lost due to friction between the fluid along the pipe by the fluid-. So it can
use the formula to calculate the Major Head Losses as follows:

Project :
Desain IV
Doc. No. : 08 - 42 12 015
Rev :
5
energy lost due to friction between the fluid along the pipe by the fluid-. So it can
use the formula to calculate the Major Head Losses as follows:
hf2 = x (L / D) x (v^2 / 2g)
Where:

= Fluid friction factor between the pipes. In order to determine the value

BALLAST SYSTEM

of , it must calculate the Reynolds Number (Re) first.

Re =
v x D /
Where:
v
=
velocity of fluid flow
=
3
m/s
D
=
ballast pipe diameter
=
0.131 m

=
viscosity
=
0.822 cst saat 30 drajat
=
0.000000822 m^2 / s
Re =
(3 m/s x 0,131 m) / 0,000000822 m^2/s
=
477372.263 Re > 4000
(bersifat turbulen )
= 0,02 + (0,0005 / D)
= 0,02 + (0,0005 / 0,131)

=
0.02382
L
= Lengt pipe
=
53.23 m
v
= velocity of fluid flow
=
3
m/s
So as to know the value of a Minor Head Losses as follows:
hf2 = 0,0238 x (55,49/ 0,131) x ((3^2) / (2 x 9,8))
=
4.45 m

Head Minor Losses

(hl2)
energy lost due to accessories that are on the long pipe fed by the fluid. So it can
use the formula to calculate the Minor Head Losses as follows:
hl2 = x (v^2 / 2g)
Where:

= Loss factor of the energy lost due to pipe accessories. In order to

determine the value of , it must know the accessories used in the
following pipeline
No
Type
n
k
nxk
1 Butterfly valve
2
0.6
1.2
2 Gate valveremotly
0
1.2
0
3 Strainer
1
0.58
0.58
4 NRV
0
2
0
5 Elbow
1
0.7
0.7
5 Tjoint
3
0.9
2.7
Total
=
5.18
v

velocity of fluid flow

BALLAST SYSTEM

Project :
Desain IV
Doc. No. : 08 - 42 12 015
Rev :
6

=
3
m/s
g
= gravitation
=
9.8
m/s^2
So as to know the value of a Minor Head Losses as follows:
hl2 = 5,18 x ((3^2) / (2 x 9,8))
=
2.38 m
So from the calculation of the value of the Head Major and Head Minor
Losses.Total Losses can be seen on the suction side is :
htdischarge
=
hf1 + hl1
=
4,64 + 2,38
=
6.83 m
f.

Head Total Pump

(HT)
the sum of a variety of head contained in the ballast system. Including velocity head,
pressure head, static head, head losses suction side and discharge side.
HT =
hv + hp + hs + ht(sisi suction dan discharge)
=
0 + 0 + 8,24 + 7,23 + 6,83
=
22.3 m

Of calculation capacity of the pump and the pump Total Head, then we determine the
specifications of existing pumps on the market in accordance with the needs of ballast
system. Specifications pump selection can be seen as follows:
Pump
Merk
No.
1 TAIKO
Material
No
Nama
1 Impeller
2 Oil Seal
Pump Motor
No
Voltage
1
380
v

Type
Centrifugal ESC 125 D

Debit
110
m^3 / hr

Material
Phosphor Bronze
Rubber

Frequency
50
Hz

Fase
3 Phase

Power
22 kW

Total Head
30
m

Project :
Desain IV
Doc. No. : 08 - 42 12 015
Rev :
7

BALLAST SYSTEM

SPECIFICATION COMPONENT BALLAST SYSTEM

1.

2.

3.

Pump
Merk
No.
1 TAIKO
Material
No
Name
1 Impeller
2 Oil Seal
Pump Motor
No
Voltage
1
380
v

Jenis
Sentrifugal

Tipe
0

110

Debit
m^3 / hr

Total Head
30
m

Material
Phosphor Bronze
Rubber
Frequency
50
Hz

Fase
3 Phase

Power
22 kW

PIPA
Merk
Category
Material
Line Pipe
Outside diameter
Thikness
Inside diameter
Lenght pipe

:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:

JIS G 3452
M
Stell Galvanis
E/R, Living Quarter, Ballast Tank dan Void Space
114.3 mm
4.5
mm
105.3 mm
75
m

Merk
Category
Material
Line Pipe
Outside Diameter
Thikness
Inside diameter
Lenght pipe

:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:

JIS G 3452
D
Cast Steel
Tangki Bahan Bakar
114.3 mm
4.5
mm
105.3 mm
8.5
m

KATUP
a. Butterfly Valve
Merk
:
Material
:
Series
:
b. Gate ValveRemotly
Merk
:
Material
:
Series
:
c. SDNRVStraight
Merk
:
Material
:
Series
:

JIS 10K
Cast Steel
ISO 5752 S-20
JIS 10K
Cast Steel
F7400
JIS 10K
Cast Steel
F7471