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[111
3,907,478
[451 Sept. 23, 1975
Vernon et al.
[541
Wladyslaw H. Skoroszewski,
Manchester, both of England
[73] Assignee: Shell Oil Company, Houston, Tex.
[22]
Filed:
3,672,013.
Foreign Application Priority Data
Apr. 10, 1968
[52]
US. Cl ...........................
[51]
[58]
425/367; 425/327
I References Cited
2,728,950
3,146,492
3,348,264
l/1956
9/1964
10/ 1967
ABSTRACT
[30]
3/1970
6/1970
[57]
3,500,627
3,515,325
Lemelson.....
Rice et al ...................... .. 425/327 x '
US Patent
Sept. 23,1975
Sheet 1 of2
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US Patent
24
Sept. 23,1975
26
Sheet 2 of 2
3,907,478
3,907,478
1
' '
10
55
3.
means for .rotatingthe ridged roller or the like. Ina pre- >
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adapted1to be driven and having a plurality of closely 25 .impart self-crimping propertiesto the resulting ?bers.
spaced, parallel, surface ridges each having inwardly
The web can be profiled, i.e_. impressed with said
directed sides leading to a peak and the sides of adja
grooves, oneither one or both of its surfaces. In the ,lat
cent ridges forming troughs,,for example, having con
ter case two ridged rollers (or other pro?ling elements)
cavely-shaped bottoms, and means for biasing said rol
can be used, each. of which is provided with the neces
lers-or the like towards one another to form anip. Y
faceof theweb.
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.v
'
'
roller- and the backing roller, although it could also ?ow 60 those skilled in the art, with the result that the polymer
comprised therein is oriented and'the cross-sectional
web, which at thetemp'eratures involved has insuf?
area of the web is reduced correspondingly. Stretching
cient strengthto withstand even the
tensions in
can be'carried out using, for example, a-pairtof Godet
volved in'pulling a web over rolls or off a reel, can be
roll-sets with a hot air oven disposed between them
handled without'dif?culty. It will be appreciated that 65 through which therweb under tension passe'sfThe sec
downwardly onto either roller. In this way the extruded
31,907,478
6
for polypropylene are between 5: 1" and 12:1 or more;
unit; in fact some splitting can occur in the hot air oven.
denier.
80. pounds per square, inch (gauge) pressure. In this 30 twisting into twine for use as such or in the manufac
ture of rope or other Cordage, since the individual ?
bers in the resulting yarn will not. be completely sepa
of the twine.
second Godet roll set; such speeds can be, for example,
web.
techniques.
the nip between the ridged roller and the backing roller
to become united into a single bi-component web and
simultaneously pro?led in accordance with the present
brought together to form a hot, bi-component web 60 being avoided by careful positioning of backing roller
4 with respect to ridged roller 3. The resulting grooved
prior to contacting the ridged roller, for example, by
web 2' passes over an idler roller 5 to the ?rst roll of
employing a multiple ori?ce die or by bringing separate
a standard Godet unit 6 which in operation provides
melts of the two polymers together in the die-head in
the necessary tension in the web to pull it through the
a region located just before the extrusion ori?ce.
Preferably the, ridges of the pro?ling element, for ex 65 nip between rollers 3 and 4. The web 2 is pulled from
the ?rst Godet unit 6through a standard heating oven
ample, a ridged roller, should have the sort of pro?le
7 by a second Godet unit 8 which runs at a higher speed
that can best be described assharp peaks, butit is to
13,907,478
7
'8
by the'present process. The appearance of one example 40 provide a safeguard against accidental damage to the
ridges as a result of contact with the backing roller.
of a typical grooved web 2' is shown in section in FIG.
A hot web of polypropylene 6.5 inches wide and
5.
0.003 inch thick, was extruded from a two-inch screw
Referring to FIGS. 3 and 4 of the accompanying
extruder located above the pro?ling unit, the hot, ex
drawing, the pro?ling unit consists of a machine com
prising a main frame 11 carried on legs 12 upstanding 45 truded web falling vertically down into the nip between
from a base 13, and a subframe l4 pivotally mounted
the ridged roller and the backing roller at a speed of 30
on main frame 11 at pivot points 15. Main frame 11
feet per minute. Cooling water was circulated through
carries a steel, ridged roller 3 which is driven by an
the ridged roll to maintain it at 15C during operation,
electric motor 16 through a belt drive 17, the roller 3
50 but the backing roller was allowed to run at a higher
being mounted in roller bearings 18. Subframe 14
temperature, namely 90C. The contact pressure ex
carries a steel backing roller 4 mounted in roller bear
erted on the webas it passed between the roller was
ings 19. Both rollers 3 and 4 have provision for the cir
about 1,000 psi (as calculated on the basis of 80 psi air
culation of a heat transfer 'rnedium therethrough, the
pressure in the jacking cylinders, each of which had a
heat transfer medium entering through inlets 20, 21 55 3-inch diameter piston). The resulting pro?led web
and leaving through outlets 22, 23. Movement of sub
leaving the rollers was passed to the ?rst Godet set of
frame 14 about its pivot points 15 is effected by two
sion bar projects with slight clearance through a hole 65 in the form of a 10,000 denier tow. The average denier
of'the'?bers was
in the other side plate 14" to allow for minor differ
ences in the rate of lift between jacking cylinders24,
The'followin'g additional data further de?ne the oper
"ation'just describedf
25. Side plates 14 and 14 of subframe 14 are kept
3,907,478
10
cluding upholstery, curtaining, carpets and safety belts,
and in the rope and cordage industry. The size and
Extruder
Screw
L/D - 22:1v
270
Screw Speed
13 rpm
Die width
l0 inch
0.0l5 inch
Tenacity
5.1g/dcnier
Elongation at break
21%
Tenacity
approx gldenier
Elongation at break
I97:
15
40
45
50
55
65