Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Global health
Respiratory infections
Malaria
AIDS
Good
Average
Poor
MDG 4:
Reduce child mortality
Vaccination campaigns
(measles, etc)
Expanding basic health
services
Undernourished children
Reduced learning
capacity
Behavioral problems
Decreased resistance to
infection
d
ze
ali
tri
us
d
In
Weakened immune
system
Increased
susceptibility to
infection
Loss of appetite
Vomiting
Diarrhea
Weight loss
Bacteria
De
ve
lo
pi
ng
Maternal malnutrition
increases infant mortality
Infant mortality
(deaths/1000 births)
An ameba
Simple Rx:
Oral Rehydration Therapy
Cholera
Caused by a toxin secreted into the
intestine by the bacterium Vibrio
cholerae
Bacteria is transmitted by
contaminated water or food
Sx: Massive watery diarrhea
Dehydration
Preventing Diarrhea
Waterborne diseases
Clean water
Good hygiene
Contaminated water
Preventing waterborne
diseases
Water purification
Contaminated water
Uncollected garbage
Untreated sewage
Other disease vectors
Respiratory infections/
pneumonia
Caused by a virus
No vaccine is availableyet
Vaccination
Preventing Measles
Pneumonia
Importance of immunizations
250,000 in 1990
537 in 2001
What is a vaccine?
Breastfeeding
Global recommendations
Breastfeeding Setbacks
A complicated decision
Challenges
Implementing successful
programs
Study: Infants of HIV+ moms breast fed for the first 3mo have same risk of contacting HIV as infants fed
formula
HIV/AIDS
TB
Malaria
Women
Young children (esp under 2 yrs)
The poor
Disease
Estimated # of deaths
1. Respiratory infections
3.9 million
2. HIV/AIDS
2.9 million
3. Diarrhea
2.0 million
4. Tuberculosis
1.6 million
5. Malaria
1.1 million
6. Measles
0.7 million
WHO 2002
Tuberculosis (TB)
Latent
Active TB
TB
Treating TB
Antibiotic resistance is a
growing problem
Multidrug resistant TB
(MDR-TB)
Many patients stop taking meds when they begin to feel well
Inconsistent use of antibiotics give the bacteria time to evolve
into a drug-resistant form
Challenges in TB treatment
Multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB)
Extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB)
Malaria
Difficult, expensive,
requires long courses of
multiple antibiotics
Drug-sensitive TB is
usually cured with a
combination of first-line
drugs taken for 6 to 9
months.
These drugs were
developed more than
40 years ago.
Malaria
Endemic to tropical
areas in Africa, Asia
and South America
Each year 250-500
million people are
infected
Vast majority of
victims are children
under 5
Malaria
Malariatransmission
Malaria symptoms
Malaria - interventions
Genetic disorders:
Socio-economic effects
Sickle-cell Anemia
http://www.pbs.org/newshour/video/search_results.html?q=malaria&submit=Search
Filtering water
Ascaris roundworm
Treating NTDs
Bed nets
Immunizations
Nutritional supplements such as
vitamin A