When to use t-test, chi square, one way

ANOVA, matched pairs t-test and

repeated measures ANOVA?
sidratimes:
As answered by heigts, usmle guy and bebix
Great questions! I dont know the answer to them all, but here are a couple basic
quick tricks that I use (of course its more complicated but Ive found i can answer
most biostats questions this way):

t-test and ANOVA are basically the same in that they both compare the means.
The big difference is that t-test compares 2 means, ANOVA compares the means of
of 3 or more groups.

If you are not given means, then use a chi square test. This is used to compare
categories (eg. number of people who responded yes/no, percentage of people who
do xyz etc)
Those are the basics.

A matched t-test is again just looking at the means between groups, except now
you are matching variables. For instance, you want to look at the mean drug dose
required to treat people who smoked for a mean number of years vs the mean dose
in folks who smoked for a different mean number of years. So in this case drug dose
and smoking is matched.
Nice rule of thumb!
I would like to add: a matched-pairs t-test is used to test whether there is a
significant mean difference between two sets of paired data (correlated data). For
example:

Pair of twins
Where the same people are being measured in before-and-after comparison
When the group is given two different tests at different times
TYPES OF SCALES (VARIABLES) AND ITS TESTS

Which statistical test will most likely be used

and why?

* Matched pairs t-test: 1 nominal + 1 interval, linked

Husbands & wives: 1 nominal (2 non-inedependent groups)

Glucose ratio data: 1 interval

* Chi-square test: 2 nominal (2x3)

1 nominal: Call sick VS. didnt call sick

1 nominal: 3 different shifts (3 groups)

* Pearson correlation: 2 interval

1 interval: study time in hours

1 interval: test scores

* t-test: 1 nominal + 1 interval

1 nominal: Same-sex siblings VS non same-sex siblings (2 groups)

1 interval: testosterone levels

* Two-way ANOVA: 1 interval + 2 nominal

1 interval: time (faster VS not faster)

1 nominal: trained VS not trained
1 nominal; vacutianer VS standard syringe

* Chi-Square: 2 nominal

1 nominal: margarine VS butter

1 nominal: cancer VS not cancer

* One-way ANOVA: 1 nominal + 1 interval

1 nominal: efficacy of qx in 3 groups (radical mastectomy VS radiation VS no tx)

1 interval: quality of life measured on a 10 point scale.

*Chi-square: 2 nominals

1 nominal: pass VS fail

1 nominal: 3 test sites (3 groups)

* One-way ANOVA: 1 nominal + 1 interval

1 nominal: 3 test sites (3 groups)

1 interval: test scores

* Matched pairs t-test: 1 nominal (linked, before and after) + 1 interval

1 nominal: HTN pts 1w before & 3m after taking drug (2groups)

1 interval: BP changes

p- value = 0.05
(always asume this number, unless specified)
If computed p-value is < 0,05

You REJECT Ho
Risk of type I error (also known as alpha error): you reject Ho, assuming your hypothesis is correct,
but it isnt in real life
Type I error = p-value

If computed p-value is > 0,05

You DO NOT REJECT Ho

Risk of type II error (also known as beta error): you dont reject Ho, assuming your hypothesis isnt
correct, but it is in real life
Type II error = 1- Power

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CONFIDENCE INTERVAL (C.I.)

* X: Mean
* +/- : above , below. What gives the range
* Z: z-score or standard score.

If C.I.= 95%, then Z = 2

If C.I.= 99%, then Z = 2,5

* S/Root square of N: standard error of the mean

S: Standard Deviation
N: Population

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Mean (X): average, always closest to the tail.

Median (Md): midpoint
Mode: most common value

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