MARKING SCHEME

PAPER 1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

C
D
A
B
B
B
D
C
A
C

21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30

A
B
C
C
A
C
C
B
B
D

11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

C
A
C
B
D
D
A
D
B
B

31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40

B
B
D
C
C
C
A
B
D
A

41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50

A
A
B
A
D
A
D
A
C
B

PAPER 2
1

(a)

(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)

Sublimation/ diffusion
R:solid to gas
Molecule
I2

1
1
1

At least 9 particles [33]

Same sizes
Do not overlap
1
Solid state
//
At least 3 particles
Same sizes

Gaseous state
(b)

(c)

(i)

Higher
r : faster

(ii)

Iodine particles/ molecule absorb energy(heat)

Kinetic energy of particles increase// Particles move faster

1
1

(i)

A process when particles of a substance/ gas P/Q move

between the particles from high concentration to lower
concentration. (hanya benar untuk gas sahaja)

(ii)

Brown// light brown

1
10

(a)

(i)
(ii)
(iii)

22.34
24.74
26.34

(b)

(i)

(b)

(ii)

Mg = 24.74 22.34 // 2.4

O = 26.34 24.74 // 1.6
Mg :
O
2.4 /24 : 1.6/16
//
0.1
:
0.1
//
1
:
1
Empirical formula = MgO

(iii)

Semua
betul
2
2b - 1
1
1

1
1

(c)
(d)

To allow the oxygen gas enter the crucible

2Mg + O2 2MgO
1 - Correct formula
2 - Balanced
Cannot.
Copper is less reactive than hydrogen gas // copper is placed
below hydrogen in the reactivity series.

(e)

1
1
1
1
1
11

(a)

(b)

(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(i)

Cl
Ne
Al
Ne, C, Cl, Al, Na
+

C
l

N
a

(ii)
(iii)
(iv)

1
1
1
1
1
1

1 correct number of electrons in the shell

2 correct ratio of atoms, labelled nucleus and the charge of
ions
Tanda + antara ion bagi 1+0
Ionic compound
Electrostatic force
High melting / boiling point // soluble in water // conduct
electricity in molten state and aqueous solution

1
1
1
9

(a)
(b)
(c)

blue
hydroxide ion // OH- , sulphate ion // SO42Ion hidroksida // OH- , ion sulfat // SO42Zinc electrode // elektrod zink

(d)

4OH-

(e)

(i)

1
1
1

O2 + 2H2O + 4e

1 - Correct formula
2 - Balanced

1
1

Electrode that is connected to copper electrode //

Reason : Anode is an electrode that is connected to positive
terminal of chemical cell
Elektrod yang disambungkan kepada elektrod kuprum

1
1

Alasan : Anod adalah elektrod yang disambungkan kepada

terminal positif sel kimia
(ii)

(iii)

The blue colour solution turns colourless // the intensity of

blue colour decreases.
The copper (II) ions in the electrolytes are selectively
discharged to form copper atoms.
Larutan biru menjadi tidak berwarna // keamatan warna
biru semakin berkurangan.
Ion-ion kuprum (II) dalam elektrolit dipilih untuk dinyahcas
menjadi atom-atom kuprum.

Lighted splinter is placed into the test tube. A pop sound is

heard.
Satu kayu uji bernyala dimasukkan dalam tabung uji. Satu
bunyi pop kedengaran.

10
5

(a)
(b)
(c)

(d)

(i)

(ii)

CaCO3 + 2HCl
CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O
1 - Correct formula of product
2 Balanced
Volume of carbon dioxide gas // CO2
Isipadu karbon dioksida // CO2
60 // 60 // 20 cm3min-1 // 0.333 cm3s-1
3
3(60)
Unit is compulsory
Rate of reaction in set 2 is higher // vice versa
Kadar tindak balas di dalam set 2 lebih tinggi // sebaliknya
The concentration of HCl in set 2 is higher
Kepekatan HCl di dalam set 2 lebih tinggi
A higher concentration of HCl , the higher is the number of
particles in a unit volume.
The frequency of collision between H+ and CO32- higher.
The frequency of effective collision between particles higher.
Semakin tinggi kepekatan HCl , semakin banyak bilangan zarah
di dalam satu unit isipadu.
Frekuensi perlanggaran antara H+ and CO32 meningkat
Frekuensi perlanggaran berkesan antara zarah meningkat

1
1
1
1

1
1
1
1
1

(e)

Volume of CO2(cm3)
Isipadu CO2(cm3)
Set 2
120

Set 1
60

Time / Masa (Min)

1
1

1. Correct condition of value of volume and time

2. Correct shape and gradient for both level curve
Total
6

(a)
(b)

(c)

(i)
(ii)

Alkenes // Alkena
CnH2n
The number of carbon atoms per molecule increases.
This increases the intermolecular attraction.
The molecules will be more difficult to escape into the
vapour state.
Jisim molekul bertambah apabila bilangan atom karbon per
molekul bertambah.
Ini akan menambahkan tarikan antara molekul.
Molekul- molekul akan lebih sukar untuk terbebas ke
keadaan wap.
C2H4 + H2O
CH3CH2OH
1 - Correct formula
2 Balanced

11
1
1
1
1
1

1
1

(d)

n C

1.
2.

1
1
H

H
1

H
Total
7

(a)

(b)

(i)
(ii)

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
MgA

10
Electron arrangement of atom A is 2.6
Atom A has 6 valence electron
So, it is located in group 16
Atom A has 2 shells filled with electrons
So it is located in Period 2
2+
M
g

(iii)

( c)

1
1
1
1
1
1

2O

1 correct number of electrons in the shell

2 correct ratio of atoms, labelled nucleus and the charge of
ions
Tanda + antara ion bagi 1+0
1. Magnesium atom has electron arrangement 2.8.2 with 2
valence electrons
2. Magnesium atom release 2 electrons to achieve the stable
octet arrangement
3. A positive ion, Mg2+ is formed
4. Atom A has electron arrangement of 2.6 with 6 valence
electrons
5. Atom A receives 2 electrons from magnesium atom to
achieve the stable octet arrangement
6. A negative ion, A2- is formed
7. A magnesium ion and an A2- ion are attracted together by
strong electrostatic forces

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
7

(d)

(a)
(b)

(c)

(i)

1. Diagram shows correct sharing of electrons between two

A atoms and one C atom.
2. Correct number of electrons in each shell
1. Compound in 7(b) has high melting point whereas
compound in 7(c) has low melting point
2. Compound in 7(b) consist of positive and negative ions
which are held together by strong electrostatic forces.
3. Compound in 7(c) consist of molecules which are held
together by weak Van der Waals forces. So, less energy
is required to overcome these forces

A mixture of two or more elements where the major

component is a metal
1. Improve the appearance
2. Improve the strength and hardness
3. Increase the resistance to corrosion
[ Any two correct ]
1. Pure copper is made up of same type of atoms and are of
same size.
2. The atoms are arranged in an orderly manner
3. The layer of atoms can slide over each other
4. Bronze is made up of atoms of different size
5. The atoms are not orderly arranged// The presence of tin
atoms disturb the orderly arrangement of copper atoms
6. This reduces/prevents the layer of copper atoms from
sliding

1
1
1
1

3
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
Max
5

(ii)
At least 9 particles [33]
Same sizes
Do not overlap
1
Pure copper
Copper
Tin

Bronze

1. Present of foreign atom (different size)

(d)

(e)

(i)
(ii)
(iii)

(a)

2. label
Duralumin
Reason :
1. Its stronger/harder
2. Can withstand compression
3. Lighter
(Any two)
1. Sulfur trioxide is dissolved in concentrated sulphuric acid
to form oleum.
2. Oleum is diluted with water to produce sulphuric acid.
I : SO3 + H2SO4
H2S2O7
II : H2S2O7 + H2O
2H2SO4
n = 48 // 1.5
32
S + O2 SO2
1 mol S1 mol SO2
1.5 mol S 1.5 mol SO2
Volume SO2 = 1.5 x 24 // 36 dm3

1
1
1

1
2
1
1
1
1
1

1
1

2
2

You are required to calculate the mass of sodium hydroxide

which reacts
Completely with reacts completely with 50 cm3 of 0.1 mol
dm-3 of ethanoic acid.
Answer:
CH3COOH + NaOH

CH3COONa + H2O

n = 0.1X 50 // 0.005 mole

1000

1 mol of ethanoic acid reacts with 1 mol of NaOH

(b)

(i)

0.005 mol of ethanoic acid reacts with 0.005 mol of NaOH

Value of X = 0.005(23+16+1) // 0.2 g

You are required to name solvent L and M.

Answer:
1

Solvent L is water.
M is methylbenzene // tetrachloromethane (propanone can
also be used)
(ii)

Acid dissolve in water to produce Hydrogen ion, H+.

When zinc reacts with H+, hydrogen gas is release.

Without water i.e in methylbenzene, an acid is still exists as
molecules // no hydrogen ion (H+) present.
(iii)

(c )

Zn + HCl

ZnCl2 + H2 //

Zn + 2H+

Zn2+ +

H2

1
1

You are required to describe the confirmatory tests to

determine the presence of cation and anions.
Answers:
(I) Confirmatory test for nitrate (NO3- anion): Brown
ring test
1.

Pour about 2 cm3 of the mixture into the test tube.

2.

Add 2 cm3 dilute sulphuric acid

3.

followed by 2 cm3 of iron(II) sulphate solution and

shake well.

3.

Concentrated sulphuric acid is added slowly down /

drop by drop the side of the test tube by using a dropper.

4. A brown ring formed shows the present of NO3-.

1
1

(II) Confirmatory test for chloride ion (Cl- anion):

1. Pour about 2 cm3 of the mixture into a test tube.
2. Add nitric acid / HNO3
3. followed by silver nitrate solution / lead (II) nitrate
solution.
4. A white precipitate is formed show the presence of

1
1

chloride ions.

(III) Test for iron(III) (Fe3+ cation)

1.

Pour about 2 cm3 of the mixture into a test tube.

2.

followed by potassium hexacyanoferrate(II) /

K4Fe(CN)6 solution.

3.

A dark blue precipitate is formed shows the presence of

iron(III) ions.

1
1

10

(a)

(i)

You are required to suggest one possible cation for X 2+ in

XY2. This compound must be a soluble salt.
1

Cu2+ / Zn2+ / Pb2+ / Mg2+

Cu2+ + 2e

(ii)

Cu // 2H+

H2

+ e

1 - Correct formula
2 - Balanced

1
1

Reduction / receive electron

Penurunan // menerima elektron

(b)

10

Copper(II) nitrat and copper(II) chloride are soluble salt that

have similar formula XY2.
If Y- is nitrate, hydroxide ions will be selectively
discharge:

2.

Oxygen gas is released.

3.

OH- is selected for discharge because OH-is lower than

NO3- in electrochemical series.

40H-

1.

O2 + H2O + 4e

Chemical test/ujian kimia:

4.

Place a glowing splinter into the test tube.

Masukkan kayu uji berbara dalam tabung uji

5.

The splinter relights / rekindles / light up

Kayu uji berbara itu menyala semual menunjukkan gas

itu adalah oksigen
atau

6
Atau
1

1. If Y- is chloride, chloride ions will be selectively

discharged:

2. Chlorine gas is released

3. Cl- is selected for discharge

1
-

4. Because concentration of Cl is higher.

2Cl-

Cl2 + 2e

5. Moist blue litmus paper is put in the test tube.

1
1
6

6. Moist blue litmus paper turns red and bleaches /

decolourised
(c)

A silver plate and iron spoon have to place at the anode and
cathode respectively for electroplating. Include a suitable
electrolyte in the materials and list all the apparatus needed.
Give the complete procedure and labelled diagram in your
description.
Answer:
Material and apparatus/bahan dan radas:
Iron spoon, silver plate, wire, batteries, beaker, silver nitrate
solution

Sudu besi, kepingan argentum, wayar, bateri, bikar, larutan

argentum nitrat.

Procedure:
1.

The iron spoon is cleaned with sandpaper

Sudu besi dibersihkan dengan menggunakan kertas
pasir.

2.

Silver nitrate solution is poured into a beaker until half

full.

Larutan argentum nitrate dituangkan ke dalam sebuah

bikar.
4.

A silver plate used as anode and an iron spoon are

cathode respectively.

Satu kepingan argentum dan satu sudu besi masingmasing digunakan sebagai anod dan katod.

4.

Both electrodes are immersed in the solution.

Kedua-dua elektrod direndamkan dalam larutan.

5.

The switch is turn on // complete the circuit

Hidupkan suis untuk melengkapkan litar.

Gambarajah berlabel / Labelled diagram:

6.

Functional diagram

7.

Label

8.

half equation / Setengah persamaan:/

Anod / Anode :
Ag

Ag+ + e

Cathode / Katod:

Ag+ + e

Ag

10

MARKING SCHEME OF PAPER 3 (4541/3)

Questio
n
1( a)(i)

Rubric

Score

[Able to state the observation correctly ]

3

Sample answer:
A yellow precipitate is formed
[Able to state the observation less correctly]
Sample answer:

Precipitation occur
[Able to state an idea of the observation]
Sample answer:

Change of colour
[ No response or wrong response]

Questio
n
1(a)(ii)

Rubric

Score

[Able to state the inference correctly]

Sample answer:

Sulphur is formed
[Able to state the inference less correctly]
Sample answer:
Precipitate is formed.
[Able to state an idea of the inference]

Sample answer:
Change of colour

[No response or wrong response]

Questio
n
1(b)

Rubric

Score

[Able to state three variables correctly]

Sample answer:
Manipulated variable: Concentration of sodium thiosulphate
solution

Responding variable: rate of reaction

Constant variable: Temperature of sodium thiosulphate
solution// concentration and volume of hydrochloric acid
[Able to state any two variables correctly ]
[Able to state any one variable correctly ]
[No response or wrong response]

Questi
on
1(c)

Rubric

2
1
0

Score

[Able to state the relationship between the manipulated

variable and the responding variable with direction correctly]
Sample answer:
The higher the concentration of sodium thiosulphate solution,
the higher the rate of reaction.

Able to state the relationship between the manipulated

variable and responding variable
Sample answer:
The shorter the time taken, the higher the rate of reaction.

[Able to state the idea of hypothesis]

Sample answer:
Different concentration produce different rate of reaction
[No response or wrong response]

Questio
n
1(d)

1
0

Rubric

Score

[Able to state the operational definition for rate of reaction

correctly ]
3

Sample answer:
When time taken for X mark to disappear is shorter, the
concentration of sodium thiosulphate solution is higher.
[Able to state the operational definition less accurately]

Sample answer:

[Able to state an idea of the operational definition]

Sample answer:

[ No response or wrong response]

Questio
n

1(e) (i)

Rubric

Score

[Able to record all readings accurately to two decimal point

with unit]
Sample answer:
Set

II

III

IV

Concentrat
ion of

0.20

0.16

0.12

0.18

sodium
thiosulphat
e solution
(mol dm-3)

Time (s)

20

25

33

50

1/time (s-1)

0.05

0.04

0.03

0.02

[Able to record all readings accurately with correct decimal

point or unit ]

readings to one decimal point without unit

readings to two decimal point with unit

[Able to record three to five readings correctly]

[No response given or wrong response]

Questio
n
1(e)(ii)

Rubric

2
1
0

Score

[Able to draw the graph correctly]

1. Axis x : 1/time (s-1)and axis y : concentration of sodium
thiosulphate solution (mol dm-3)
2. Consistent scale and the graph is half from the graph
paper
3. All points are transferred correctly
4. Curve
Sample answer:
3

[Able to draw the graph incorrectly]

1. Axis x : 1/time and axis y : concentration of sodium

thiosulphate solution
2. Consistent scale and the graph is half from the graph
paper
3. Three points are transferred correctly
4. Curve
[Able to state an idea to draw the graph]
1

1. Axis x and axis y

2. Curve
[No response or wrong response]

Questio
n
1(f)(i)

Rubric

Score

[Able to state the relationship accurately]

Sample answer:

The higher the concentration of sodium thiosulphate solution,

the higher the rate of reaction.
[Able to state the relationship less accurately]
2

Sample answer:
Different concentration produce different rate of reaction
[Able to state an idea of the relationship]

Sample answer:
Concentration affect rate of reaction
[No response or wrong response]

Questio
n
1(f)(ii)

Rubric

[Able to draw a line on the graph and state the time]

Sample answer:

Score
3

[Able to draw a line on the graph or state the time]

[Able to state an idea to mark the time ]

[No response or wrong response]

Questi
on

Rubric

Score

[Able to give all three explanations correctly]

3

Sample answers:
1(g)
[Able to give any two explanations correctly]
[Able to give any one explanations correctly]
[No response or wrong response]

Questio
n
1(h)

2
1
0

Rubric

Score

[Able to classify all the four ions correctly]

Sample answer:
Anions

Cations

Cl-

H+

S2O32-

Na+
2

[Able to classify any two ions correctly]

[Able to classify any two materials correctly]
if reverse score 1
Sample answer:
Anions

Cations

H+

Cl-

Na+

S2O32-

[No response or wrong response]

Questi
on

2(a)

Rubric

0
Score

To investigate the effect of alloying a on the hardness of

copper // To investigate the hardness of copper and
bronze

To investigate the effect of alloying on the hardness of

metal //
To investigate the hardness of copper/bronze

To investigate the effect of alloying // Problem statement

is given as answer

Wrong respond or no respond

Questi
on

Rubric

Score

2(b)

Manipulated variable: Copper and bronze //Different type

of material
Responding Variable: Diameter of dent
Fixed Variable: Diameter / size of steel ball bearing //
height of the weight // mass of the weight

Any two variables correct or variables with less accurate

Example : Manipulated variable : metal and alloy

Any one variable correct

Wrong respond or no respond

1
0

Questi
on

Rubric

Score

2(c)

Bronze is harder than copper

Alloy is harder than metal // Bronze is harder // Copper is
less harder
Alloy is harder // metal is less harder
wrong respond

3
2

Rubric

Score

Questi
on

2(d)

Questi
on

2(e)

Questi
on

Material : Copper block, bronze block, cellophane tape

Apparatus : Retort stand and clamp, one kilogram
weight, Steel ball bearing, metre rule, thread
Material: copper block, bronze block
Apparatus: Weight, ball bearing, metre rule
Have idea
Material : Metal and alloy
Apparatus : Weight, ball bearing
wrong respond or no respond
Rubric

1
0

3
2
1
0
Score

1. Steel ball bearing is stick onto the copper block by

using a cellophane tape.// Steel ball bearing is tape
on to the copper block.
2. A 1 kg weight is hang at a height of 50 cm above
the ball bearing.
3. A weight is drop onto the ball bearing.
4. The diameter of the dent made on the copper block
is measured and recorded.
5. Step 1 to 4 is repeated twice.
6. The experiment is repeated by using bronze block.
Step 1,3,4,6 less accurate.
1. ASteel ball bearing is put onto the copper block.
2. A weight is drop onto the ball bearing.
3. The diameter of the dent is measured and recorded.
4. The experiment is repeated by using bronze block.

Step 1,3,4
wrong respond or no respond

1
0

Rubric

Score

2(f)

Correct table with complete rows and column

1. Correct titles with unit
2. Complete list of material
Type of
Diameter of dent / cm
Average
block
/ cm
1
2
3
Copper
Bronze

Note: If no step 5 in d) accept 1 column of diameter

Type of
Diameter of
block
the dent / cm
Copper
Bronze
Incomplete table: titles with incomplete material or
incomplete title with complete material

Diameter
Copper
Bronze
Type of
Diameter /
block
cm
Copper
/bronze
Wrong respond or no respond