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Acoustic Determination of
Producing and Static Wellbore
Pressures
Purposes of Performing an
Acoustic Fluid Level Surveys
Well Performance and Potential Analysis
based on measured and calculated pressure
distribution in wellbore and the Static Reservoir
Pressure.
Pump Submergence
Microphone
Gas
TWM Computes
Wellbore Pressures from
liquid level survey and
casing head pressure
Producing BHP
(PBHP)
Liquid
Pump
Static
Reservoir
Pressure
(SBHP)
P casing
Annular
P g/l
Pressure gradient
gives the increase in
pressure per foot of
depth increase
(psi)
Pt
Pc
Requires
a Stable Fluid
Level
Requires
a Stable
Casing Pressure
Gas
Requires
a Constant
Production Rate and
WOR
FL
Oil + Gas
Pump
PBHP
Brine
Gradient
Pt
Stabilization
Process
Pc
Pc
Stabilized
water/oil ratio
Stabilized
casing
pressure
Gas
Stabilized
producing fluid
level
FL
Oil + Gas
Pump
PBHP
Brine
Gradient
Oil-Water
interface
at pump
intake
Shut-in
fluid level
Shut-in
oil-water
interface
Separation of Fluids in a
Stabilized Well
Pt
Pc
Gas
FL
Oil + Gas
Pump
PBHP
Brine
Gradient
Gas Gradient
Liquid
Gradients
Gas &
Liquid
Mixture
Gradients
Casing Pressure +
When:
Oil,Water,Gas
Pc
Gas
FL
Oil
Pump
Brine
Gradient
Casing Pressure +
Gas Column Pressure +
Gaseous Oil Pressure to Pump +
Gaseous Water Pressure to
bottom.
When:
Flowline
Pc
Gas
Pump
Gaseous Liquid
Column
Dip Tube
Perfs
Liquid + Gas
Foam
Liquid
Have
Walker Test
Patent 1939
1. Operate pump at
steady rate using
different casing
head pressure.
2. Monitor change in
fluid level.
3. Ratio of casing
pressure change
(psi) to fluid level
change (ft) gives
fluid mixture
gradient (psi/ft) and
% liquid
Pt
Flowline
Pc
Given:
Stabilized Production
Fluid Properties
Determine Liquid
Percent in Gaseous
Liquid Column by
relating casing back
pressure increase to
drop in fluid level.
Back
Pressure
Valve
High
FL
Gas
Gaseous Liquid
Column with
10 - 15%
Liquid
Pump
Perfs
Low PBHP
Polished Rod
Adjust spring to
set casing
pressure
Back Pressure Valve
Close valve to
flow line
Back
Pressure
Valve
2300 ft
= 0.095 psi/ft
Fluid Level
Drop 2300 ft
Nov. 29
Pc = 24 psi BHPsensor= 154.7
Dec. 12
Pc=110 psi BHPsensor = 157.5
500
Depth, feet
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
500
450
400
G/L interface
350
BHP sensor
300
250
200
153.7
157.4
150
100
50
0
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
157 psi
140
120
y = -0.3578x + 157
R2 = 1
100
80
60
40
20
Pressure @ G/L
0
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
Oil API = 20
PBHP
and Gradient
from Walker Test
Oil
gradient
= 0.407 psi/ft
140
y = -0.3578x + 157
Liquid fraction = 0.3578/0.407=0.88
R2 = 1
100
80
60
40
20
Pressure @ G/L
0
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
Back
Pressure
Regulator
Typical test
data point.
SPE 14254
Casing Pressure
and Liquid Level
During Liquid
Level
Depression Test.
Pumping rate is
kept constant
during test.
Q/A=150000/12.31
= 12,254 cuft/day/in2
Annular
Gaseous
Liquid
Column:
Effective Liquid
Fraction
vs.
Q/A
Heavy oil
data in TAM
Actual Field
Collected
Data Point
from
previous
slide
Casing Pressure
increase as a
function of time is a
measure of
casinghead gas
flow rate
Time = 0
Time = 4 min.
49.4
psi
Gas Flow
Calculation
n2 n1
P2
V
P1
ZRT
Flowline
Flowline
Pc
Pc
Remove gas
from annular
fluid column
High
FL
Gaseous Liquid
Column with
10 - 15%
Liquid
Gas
Gas Free
FL
Gas
Pump
Gas-Free
Liquid
Perfs
Low PBHP
Perfs
Low PBHP
Static BHP
SBHP:
Driving
Pressure available
to push the fluids to the
wellbore from the
formation.
Calculation of SBHP
Pt
Static BHP =
Well Shut-in
Pc
Casing Pressure +
Gas Column Pressure +
Oil Column Pressure +
Gas
Static FL
Oil
Note:
All flow from perforations has stopped
Fluids Segregated by Gravity
Position of Oil/Brine interface above pump
intake must be computed.
Brine
SBHP
Well Shut-in
Pc
Gas
Static FL
Oil
Brine
SBHP
Enter
values
Accurate
BHP
Fluid
Questions ?