Alfonso, Camille Angelica V.

BSBM

Newtons Laws of Motion

First Law of Motion
An object at rest will remain at rest unless acted on by an unbalanced force. An
object in motion continues in motion with the same speed and in the same direction
unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. This law is often called "the law of inertia".
Examples:
1. Newton's first law of motion is also known as law of inertia. Justify your answer.
Answer:
Newton's first law tells that a particle originally at rest, or moving in a straight line at
constant velocity, will remain in this state if the resultant force is acting on it is zero. And
the inertia is the tendency of an object to resist the changes in motion. So, both the
concept is same. Hence the first law of motion is known as law of inertia.

2.

If the forces acting on a body are balanced, then the body:

A) must be moving with a velocity
B) must be accelerating
C) must not be accelerating
D) none of these

Answer:
c) must not be accelerating

3. Which of the following condition is possible according to the Newton's first law?
A) An object moves at constant velocity under the action of a single force.
B) Two forces act on a body and the body moves at a constant velocity in a
straight line.
C) A car drives along a straight road at constant velocity under a net force.
D) An object accelerates without exerting forces on any other bodies.
Answer:
B) Two forces act on a body and the body moves at a constant velocity in a straight line.

4. Which of the following shows Newton's first law?

A) A picture is hanging on a wall and does not move.
B) A soccer ball accelerates more than a bowling ball when thrown with the same
force.
C) A soccer player kicks a ball with their foot and their toes are left stinging.
D) Two students are in a baseball game. The first student hits a ball very hard
and it has a greater acceleration than the second student who bunts the ball
lightly.
Answer:
A) A picture is hanging on a wall and does not move.
5. What will happen to an object at rest if no force is applied?
Answer:
Nothing because the object will stay at rest because there is no unbalanced force
acted upon it.

Second Law of Motion

Acceleration is produced when a force acts on a mass. The greater the mass (of
the object being accelerated) the greater the amount of force needed (to accelerate the
object). FORMULA: Force(F) = Mass(m) x Acceleration(a)
Examples:
1. A force of 5000 Newtons is applied to a 1200 kg. car at rest. What is its
acceleration?
a = F/m

a = 5000 N / 1200 kg.

a = 4.2 m/s2

2. A 10 kg body has an acceleration of 2 m/s2. Find the net force acting on the body.
F = ma

F = 10 kg. x 2 m/s2
F = 20 N

3. An empty truck with a mass of 2500 kg has an engine that will accelerate at a
rate of 1.5 m/s2. What will be the acceleration when the truck has an additional
load of 1500 kg.?
F = ma

F = 2500 kg. x 1.5 m/s2

F = 3750 N

a = F/m

a = 3750 N / 4000 kg.

a = .94 m/s2

4. A box resting on a table has a mass of 5.0 kg. What will be its acceleration when
an unbalanced horizontal force of 40 Newtons acts on it?
F = ma

a = 40 N / 5 kg.

a = F/m

a = 8 m/s2

5. Sophia, whose mass is 52 kg, experienced a net force of 1800 N at the bottom of
a roller coaster loop during her school's physics field trip to the local amusement
park. Determine Sophia's acceleration at this location.
F = ma

a = 1800 N / 52 kg.

a = F/m

a = 34.62 m/s2

Third Law of Motion

For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. This means that for
every force there is a reaction force that is equal in size, but opposite in direction. That
is to say that whenever an object pushes another object it gets pushed back in the
opposite direction equally hard.
Example:
1. While driving down the road, a firefly strikes the windshield of a bus and makes a
quite obvious mess in front of the face of the driver. This is a clear case of
Newton's third law of motion. The firefly hit the bus and the bus hits the firefly.
Which of the two forces is greater: the force on the firefly or the force on the bus?
Answer:
Each force is the same size. For every action, there is an equal ... (equal!). The fact that
the firefly splatters only means that with its smaller mass, it is less able to withstand the
larger acceleration resulting from the interaction.

2. What does Newtons Third Law of Motion state?

Answer:
If an object exerts a force on a second object, the second object will exert an equal and
opposite force on the first.

3. Many people are familiar with the fact that a rifle recoils when fired. This recoil is
the result of action-reaction force pairs. A gunpowder explosion creates hot
gases that expand outward allowing the rifle to push forward on the bullet.
Consistent with Newton's third law of motion, the bullet pushes backwards upon
the rifle. The acceleration of the recoiling rifle is ...
a. greater than the acceleration of the bullet.
b. smaller than the acceleration of the bullet.
c. the same size as the acceleration of the bullet.
Answer:
b. smaller than the acceleration of the bullet.
The force on the rifle equals the force on the bullet. Yet, acceleration depends on both
force and mass. The bullet has a greater acceleration due to the fact that it has a
smaller mass. Remember: acceleration and mass are inversely proportional.

4. Kent is pulling upon a rope that is attached to a wall then, Kent pulls upon
another rope that is attached to an elephant. In each case, the force scale reads
500 Newton. Kent is pulling ...
a. with more force when the rope is attached to the wall.
b. with more force when the rope is attached to the elephant.
c. the same force in each case.
Answer:
c. the same force in each case.
Kent is pulling with 500 N of force in each case. The rope transmits the force from Kent
to the wall (or to the elephant) and vice versa. Since the force of Kent pulling on the wall
and the wall pulling on Kent are action-reaction force pairs, they must have equal
magnitudes. Inanimate objects such as walls can push and pull.
5. Which of the following shows Newton's third law?
A) A magician pulls a tablecloth out from under dishes and glasses on a table
without disturbing them.
B) A persons body is thrown outward as a car rounds a curve on a highway.
C) A student leaves a pencil on a desk and the pencil stays in the same spot until
another student picks it up.
D) Rockets are launched into space using jet propulsion where exhaust
accelerates out from the rocket and the rocket accelerates in an opposite
direction.

Answer:
D) Rockets are launched into space using jet propulsion where exhaust accelerates out
from the rocket and the rocket accelerates in an opposite direction.