SelectedFormulas

Chapter9

x o

/ n
x o

t=
s/ n
p po

z=
po (1 po )
n
z =

HypothesisTest:PopulationMean:Known
HypothesisTest:PopulationMean:Unknown

HypothesisTest:PopulationProportion
Chapter10
PointEstimatoroftheDifferenceBetweenTwo
PopulationMeans

x1 x2

x x =

StandardErrorof x1 x2

IntervalEstimateoftheDifferenceBetweenTwo
PopulationMeans:1and2Known:

12

x1 x2 z / 2

z=

TestStatisticforHypothesisTestsAbout1and2;
1and2Known:

n1

12
n1

12

TestStatisticforHypothesisTestsInvolvingMatched
Samples

StandardErrorof p1 p2 when p1 = p2 = p
PooledEstimatorofpwhen p1 = p2 = p

n2

n2
2

x1 x2 t / 2

s1 s2
+
n1 n2

s1 s2

n + n
1
2

df =
2 2
2 2
1 s1
1 s2
+

n1 1 n1 n2 1 n2
( x x ) Do
t= 1 2
s12 s22
+
n1 n2
d d
t=
sd / n

PointEstimatoroftheDifferenceBetweenTwo
PopulationProportions
StandardErrorof p1 p2

22

22

TestStatisticforHypothesisTestsAbout12;1
and2Unknown

n2

( x1 x2 ) Do
n1

IntervalEstimateoftheDifferenceBetweenTwo
PopulationMeans:1and2Unknown:

DegreesofFreedom:tDistributionwithTwo
IndependentRandomSamples

22

where sd

(d

d ) 2

n 1

p1 p2

p p =
1

p1 (1 p1 ) p2 (1 p2 )
+
n1
n2
1 1
+
n
1 n2
n p +n p
p= 1 1 2 2
n1 + n2

p p = p(1 p)
1

( p1 p2 )

z=

TestStatisticforHypothesisTestsAbout p1 p2

1 1
p (1 p ) +
n1 n2

Chapter11

(n 1) s 2

IntervalEstimateofaPopulationVariance

2 / 2

TestStatisticforHypothesisTestsAbouta
PopulationVariance

2 =

TestStatisticforHypothesisTestsAboutPopulation
2

(21 / 2)

(n 1) s

02
2

s1
s22

F=

Varianceswith 1 = 2
2

(n 1) s 2

Chapter12

( f e )
= i i
ei
i =1
( Row i Total )(Column j Total )
eij =
Sample Size

TestStatisticforGoodnessofFit
ExpectedFrequenciesforContingencyTablesunder
theAssumptionofIndependence

( f ij eij )

=
2

TestStatisticforIndependence

eij

Chapter13
nj

SampleMeanforTreatmentj:

xj =

SampleVarianceforTreatmentj:

sj =
2

x=

nj

j =1

i =1

x
nT

ij

i =1

nj

nj

OverallSampleMean:

(x

ij

i =1

xj )

n j 1

ij

where nT = n1 + n2 + ... + nk
k

SumofSquaresDuetoTreatment

SSTR = n j ( x j x )

j =1

MeanSquareDuetoTreatments

MSTR =

SSTR
k 1

SumofSquaresDuetoError

SSE = (n j 1) s j

j =1

MeanSquareDuetoError
TestStatisticfortheEqualityofkPopulationMeans

TotalSumofSquares

SST =
j =1

PartitioningofSumofSquares

SSE
MSE =
nT k
MSTR
F=
MSE
nj

(x
i =1

ij

x )2

SST = SSTR + SSE

Chapter14
SimpleLinearRegressionModel

y = 0 + 1 x +

SimpleLinearRegressionEquation

E ( y ) = 0 + 1 x
y = b0 + b1 x

EstimatedSimpleLinearRegressionEquation

min ( yi y i ) 2
( xi x )( yi y )
b1 =
( xi x ) 2

LeastSquaresCriterion
SlopeandyInterceptfortheEstimatedRegression
Equation

b0 = y b1 x

SumofSquaresDuetoError

SSE = ( yi y i ) 2

TotalSumofSquares

SST = ( yi y ) 2

SumofSquaresDuetoRegression

SSR = ( y i y ) 2
SST = SSR + SSE
SSR
r2 =
SST
b
t= 1
sb1

RelationshipsamongSST,SSR,andSSE
CoefficientofDetermination
tTestStatistic

MSR
F=
MSE
yi y i

FTestStatistic
ResidualforObservationi
Chapter15
MultipleRegressionModel

y = 0 + 1 x1 + 2 x2 + ... + p x p +

MultipleRegressionEquation

E ( y ) = 0 + 1 x1 + 2 x2 + ... + p x p

EstimatedMultipleRegressionEquation
LeastSquaresCriterion
RelationshipamongSST,SSR,andSSE
MultipleCoefficientofDetermination
AdjustedMultipleCoefficientofDetermination
MeanSquareRegression
MeanSquareError
FTestStatistic
tTestStatistic

y = b0 + b1 x1 + b2 x2 + ... + b p x p

min ( yi y i ) 2
SST = SSR + SSE
SSR
R2 =
SST
n 1
Ra2 = 1 (1 R 2 )
n p 1
SSR
MSR =
p
SSE
MSE =
n p 1
MSR
F=
MSE
b
t= i
sbi