Polytechnic Institute of NYU

MA 2132

Midterm Practice

Spring 2009B

Studying from past or sample exams is NOT recommended. If you do, it should be only AFTER
you know how to do all of the homework and worksheet problems. These are additional practice
problems designed to cover the material, but not necessarily specific to the exam.
(1) Circle all correct answers in each part which describe the type of the given first order differential equation.
(a) y 0 = ex
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)

2 +y 2

Separable.
Homogeneous.
Linear.
Bernoulli, but not linear.
Exact, but not separable.

(b) xyy 0 = x2 + y 2
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(c) y 0 =
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)

Separable.
Homogeneous.
Linear.
Bernoulli, but not linear.
Exact, but not separable.
xy + y
x2 + 1
Separable.
Homogeneous.
Linear.
Bernoulli, but not linear.
Exact, but not separable.

(d) P 0 = sin(P ) + cos(P 2 )

(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)

Separable.
Homogeneous.
Linear.
Bernoulli, but not linear.
Exact, but not separable.

Your signature:
(2) Suppose that y(x) = 6x cos(3x) and y(x) = 5x2 +2xe4x are solutions of a linear homogeneous
differential equation with constant real coefficients. Which of the following must also be
solutions of the differential equation? Circle all correct answers.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)

y(x) = x 4
y(x) = x2 sin(3x)
y(x) = 3e4x + sin(3x)
y(x) = 3 + e4x
y(x) = x 2x2 e4x

(3) Consider the second order differential equation

y 00 + 4y 0 + 5y = 1.
(a) Solve for the homogeneous solution to the above differential equation.
(b) Which of the following must be solutions of the above differential equation? Circle all
possible solutions.
(i) y = 1
1
(ii) y =
5
(iii) y = 3xe2x cos(x) + 1
1
(iv) y = 2e2x cos(x) +
5
1
2x
(v) y = 4e
+ cos(x) +
5

(4) Assume that y(x) = x2 and y(x) = ex sin(2x) are solutions of a linear, homogeneous differential equation with constant coefficients.
(a) Circle all of the following which must also be solutions of the differential equation.
y1 (x) = 3 sin(2x) + 3 cos(2x) + 3
y2 (x) = 3x ex cos(2x)
y3 (x) = x2 3 sin(2x) 5 cos(2x)
(b) What can you say about the order of the differential equation? Circle the best answer.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)

The
The
The
The

order
order
order
order

is
is
is
is

greater than or equal to 3.

equal to 3.
less than or equal to 4.
greater than or equal to 5.

Your signature:
(5) Solve the initial value problem
x2 y 0 + y 2 = 0,

y(2) = 1.

(6) Solve the differential equation

2xy 3 + ex dx + 3x2 y 2 + sin y dy = 0.

(7) (a) Solve the d.e.

x2 y 00 7xy 0 + 12y = 0 x > 0.
(b) Use the Wronskian to show that your solutions are linearly independent.
(c) Using the method of variation of parameters, find the general solution of
x2 y 00 7xy 0 + 12y = 6x3 ,

x > 0.

(8) Consider the differential equation

3y + x3 y 4 + 3xy 0 = 0.
(a) Use a change of variables to convert the d.e. so that it is linear order one.
(b) Find an explicit solution for y(x).
(9) Solve the initial value problem:
xy 0 + 2y = 3x2 ,

y(1) = 2.

(10) Solve the d.e.

y 00 2y 0 + y =

ex
,
x

x>0

(11) Consider the differential equation

p
dy
= y + x2 y 2 .
dx
(a) Use a change of variables to convert the d.e. so that it is separable.
x

(b) Solve the d.e.

(12) Find an explicit solution of the IVP
y 0 = t 4ty,

y(0) = 2.

Your signature:
(13) Find an explicit solution of the d.e.
y 0 = y + xy 4 e3x

(14) Find an implicit solution of the differential equation

cos(2y) 3x2 y 2 + (cos(2y) 2x sin(2y) 2x3 y)y 0 = 0.

(15) Solve the IVP

dy
d2 y

2y = 6x + 6ex ,
2
dx
dx
(16) Solve the IVP
t

dx
+ x = (tx)3/2 ,
dt

5
y(0) = ,
2

x(1) = 1.

(17) Find the solution to the d.e.

d2 y
+ 9y = 2 sin 3x.
dx2
(18) Solve the d.e.

(19) Solve the d.e.

x2 y 00 5xy 0 + 9y = 0,

x > 0.

y 00 2y 0 + 2y = ex sin(x).

(20) Solve the d.e.

x2 y 0 = xy + x2 ey/x .

y 0 (0) = 9.

Your signature:

Formula Sheet
(1) Integration By Parts:

u(x)v 0 (x)dx = u(x)v(x)

u0 (x)v(x)dx.

(2) For linear homogeneous d.e. with constant coefficients: y 00 + by 0 + cy = 0.

If b2 4c > 0, then r1 and r2 are two distinct solutions of the characteristic equation
and
y = C1 er1 t + C2 er2 t ,
where C1 and C2 are constants.
If b2 4c = 0, then there is only one solution of the characteristic equation, r = b/2,
and
y = C1 tert + C2 ert .
If b2 4c < 0, then the solutions of the characteristic equation are of the form r = i
and
y = C1 et cos(t) + C2 et sin(t).
(3) For linear non-homogeneous d.e. with constant coefficients:
If f (x) is
then try yp (x) in the form of
polynomial
polynomial of same degree
an xn + an1 xn1 + + a0 An xn + An1 xn1 + + A0
bekx
Bekx
b sin(ax) or b cos(ax)
B sin(ax) + C cos(ax)

(4) Variation of Parameters for Second Order Equations:

If y1 and y2 are linearly independent solutions of the equation y 00 + p(t)y 0 + q(t)y = 0,
then yp = v1 y1 + v2 y2 is a particular solution of the equation y 00 + p(t)y 0 + q(t)y = f (t),
where v1 and v2 satisfy the VOP equations
v10 y1 + v20 y2 = 0
v10 y10 + v20 y20 = f (t).

If y1 and y2 are linearly independent solutions of the equation a(t)y 00 +p(t)y 0 +q(t)y = 0,
then yp = v1 y1 + v2 y2 is a particular solution of the equation a(t)y 00 + p(t)y 0 + q(t)y =
f (t), where v1 and v2 satisfy the VOP equations
v10 y1 + v20 y2 = 0
f (t)
v10 y10 + v20 y20 =
.
a(t)

Your signature:
(5) Differentiation formulas
d n
(x ) = nxn1
dx

d x
(e ) = ex
dx

d x
(a ) = (ln a)ax
dx

d
1
(ln x) =
dx
x

d
(sin(x)) = cos x
dx

d
(cos(x)) = sin x
dx

d
(tan(x)) = sec2 x
dx

d
(cot(x)) = csc2 x
dx

d
(sec(x)) = sec x tan x
dx

d
(csc(x)) = csc x cot x
dx

d
1
(arcsin(x)) =
dx
1 x2

d
1
(arccos(x)) =
dx
1 x2

d
1
(arctan(x)) =
dx
1 + x2

d
(sinh(x)) = cosh(x)
dx

d
(cosh(x)) = sinh(x)
dx

d
1
(tanh(x)) =
dx
cosh2 (x)

(6) Additional Integration Formulas:

Z
tan(x) dx = ln | cos(x)| + C

cot(x) dx = ln | sin(x)| + C
Z
sec(x) dx = ln | sec(x) + tan(x)| + C

csc(x) dx = ln | csc(x) + cot(x)| + C

Your signature:
Here a, b, c, d are constants.
A Short Table of Indefinite Integrals
I. Basic
Functions
Z
1
n
1.
x dx =
xn+1 + C, (n 6= 1)
n
+
1
Z
1
2.
dx = ln |x| + C
x
Z
3.
ax dx = ln1a ax + C
Z
4.
ln x dx = x ln x x + C

1
sin ax dx = cos ax + C
a
Z
1
6.
cos ax dx = sin ax + C
a
Z
1
7.
tan ax dx = ln | cos ax| + C
a
5.

II.Z Products of ex , cos x, and sin x

1
eax sin(bx) dx = 2
eax [a sin(bx) b cos(bx)] + C
8.
2
a
+
b
Z
1
9.
eax cos(bx) dx = 2
eax [a cos(bx) + b sin(bx)] + C
a + b2
Z
1
[a cos(ax) sin(bx) b sin(ax) cos(bx)] + C, a 6= b
10.
sin(ax) sin(bx) dx = 2
b a2
Z
1
11.
cos(ax) cos(bx) dx = 2
[b cos(ax) sin(bx) a sin(ax) cos(bx)] + C, a =
6 b
b

a2
Z
1
sin(ax) cos(bx) dx = 2
[b sin(ax) sin(bx) + a cos(ax) cos(bx)] + C, a 6= b
12.
b a2
III. Z
Product of Polynomial p(x) with ln x,ex , cos x, and sin x
1
1
13.
xn ln x dx =
xn+1 ln x
xn+1 + C, n 6= 1, x > 0
2
n
+
1
(n
+
1)
Z
1
1
1
14.
p(x)eax dx = p(x)eax 2 p0 (x)eax + 3 p00 (x)eax + C
a
a
a
(+
Z + + + . . .) (signs alternate)
1
1
1
15.
p(x) sin ax dx = p(x) cos(ax) + 2 p0 (x) sin(ax) + 3 p00 (x) cos(ax) + C
a
a
a
(
Z + + + + . . .) (signs alternate in pairs)
1
1
1
p(x) cos ax dx = p(x) sin(ax) + 2 p0 (x) cos(ax) 3 p00 (x) sin(ax) + C
16.
a
a
a
(+ + + + . . .) (signs alternate in pairs)

Your signature:
IV.
Z
17.
Z
18.
Z
19.
Z
20.
Z
21.
Z
22.
Z
23.

Integer Powers of sin x and cos x Z

1
n1
sinn x dx = sinn1 x cos x +
sinn2 x dx, n positive
n
n Z
n1
1
cosn x dx = cosn1 x sin x +
cosn2 x dx, n positive
n
n
Z
1
1
1
cos x
m2
dx
=

+
dx, m 6= 1, m positive
m
m1
m2
sin x
m
sin
x
1 sin x m 1
1
1 cos x 1
dx = ln
+C
sin x
2
cos x + 1
Z
1
1
sin x
m2
1
dx
=
+
dx, m 6= 1, m positive
m
m1
m2
cos x
m 1 cos x m 1
cos
x
1
1 sin x + 1
dx = ln
+C
cos x
2
sin x 1
sinm x cosn x dx :

If n is odd, let w = sin x.

If both m and n are even and non-negative, convert all to sin x or all to cos x (using
sin2 x + cos2 x = 1), and use IV-17 or IV-18.
If m and n are even and one of them is negative, convert to whichever function is in
the denominator and use IV-19 or IV-21.
The case in which both m and n are even and negative is omitted.
V.Z Quadratic in the Denominator
x
1
1
24.
arctan
dx
=
+ C, a 6= 0
2
2
a
a
Z x +a
x
c
bx + c
b
2
2
ln
|x
+
a
|
+
arctan
25.
dx
=
+ C, a 6= 0
2
2
2
a
a
Z x +a
1
1
dx =
(ln |x a| ln |x b|) + C, a 6= b
26.
(a b)
Z (x a)(x b)
cx + d
1
27.
dx =
[(ac + d) ln |x a| (bc + d) ln |x b|] + C, a 6= b
(x a)(x b)
(a
b)

VI.
a2 + x2 , a2 x2 , x2 a2 , a > 0
Z Integrands involving
x
dx

28.
= arcsin
+C
a
a2 x2
Z
p
dx

29.
= ln |x + x2 a2 | + C
2
2
p

Z px a
Z
1
1
30.
a2 x2 dx =
x a2 x2 + a2
dx + C
2
a2 x2

Z p
Z
p
1
1
2
2
2
2
2

31.
x x a a
dx + C
x a dx =
2
x2 a2