Constants

Magnitude of electron charge

Coulombs constant
Permittivity of free space
Permeability of free space
Mass of electron

Equations from 121
Kinematic equations

Electric flux

e = 1.60 10 19 C
k = 8.99 10 9 N m 2 / C2
1
0 =
= 8.85 10 12 C2 /(N m 2 )
4 k
0 = 4 107 Tim/A

me = 9.11 10

31

kg

x = x x0 = vav x t =

x = 12 ax t + v0 x t

v = v + 2ax x
K = 12 mv 2
!
!
Fnet = ma
!
!
F12 = F21

Kinetic energy
Newtons second law
Newtons third law

Electrostatics
Coulombs Law
Electric field
Electric field due to point
charge
Electric field due to a system
of points
Dipole moment
Torque on a dipole
Potential energy of a dipole
Electric field for continuous
charge distribution

1
2

2
x

Electric flux for uniform field

Gausss law
Electric field due to a line of
charge of infinite length
Electric field on the axis of a
charged ring

vx = v0 x + ax t
vav x = 12 ( v0 x + vx )

2
0x

!
kq q
F12 = 12 2 r12
r
! 12
! F
E =
q0
!
kq
EiP = 2 i riP
riP
!
!
EP = EiP
!i
!
p = qL
! ! !
= pE

= pE sin
U = pE cos + U 0
!
kr
E = 2 dq
r

(v0 x + vx ) t

!
= E n dA

Electric field on the axis of a

charged disk
Electric field due to an
infinite plane
Electric field due to a thin
spherical shell

= EA cos
Q
net = inside
0

ER = 2k
R
kQz
Ez =
3/2
( z2 + a2 )

1/2
R 2
Ez = sign(z)
1 1+

2 0 z 2

Ez = sign(z)
Er =

2 0

1 Q
4 0 r 2

r>R

Er = 0 r < R
Electric field due to a
uniformaly charged solid
sphere

Er =
Er =

Potential difference

Potential due to a point

charge
Potential due to a system of
point charges
Electric field from potential
Potential on the axis of a
uniformly charged ring

1 Q
4 0 r 2

rR

1 Q
r rR
4 0 R 3

b
! !
U
V = Vb Va =
= E dl
q0
a
kq
V=
(V = 0 if r = )
r
kq
V = i (V = 0 if ri = )
ri
i
!
!
V
V V
E = V = i +
j+
k
y
z
x
kQ
V=
(V = 0 if z = )
z2 + a2

Potential on the axis of a

uniformly charged disk
Potential due to an infinite
plane
Potential due to a thin
spherical shell

Potential due to a solid

sphere

R2

V = 2 k z 1+ 2 1 (V = 0 if z = )
z

V = V0 2 k x (V = V0 if x = 0 )

Series capacitors

V =

V =

Capacitance with dielectric

kQ
r>R
r
kQ
rR
R

Potential due to an infinite

line of charge

R
V = 2k ln ref
r

Electrostatic potential
energy for point charges

1 n
q V
2 i=1 i i
1
U = QV
2

Potential energy of a
conductor

Capacitance
Capacitance
Isolated spherical capacitor
Parallel plate capacitor
Cylindrical capacitor
Energy stored in a capacitor
Energy density of an electric
field
Parallel capacitors

C=

0 A

d
2 0 L
ln(R2 / R1 )

(V = 0 if r = )

Current density

Resistivity,
ref

Ohms law
Power

1
1 Q2 1
U = QV =
= CV 2
2
2 C 2
1
ue = 0 E 2
2
Ceq = C1 + C2 + C3 + ...

C = C0

I = qnAvd

!
!
J = qnvd

L
A
V = IR, for R = constant
R=

P = IV = I 2 R =

V 2
R

Parallel resistors

1
1
1
=
+
+ ...
Req R1 R2

Series resistors

Req = R1 + R2 + ...

Charging a capacitor

Resistance

Discharging a capacitor

Q
V
C = 40 R

C=

C=

Current microscopic view

(V = 0 if r = R )

U=

Electric field inside dielectric

Resistance and current
Electric current

(V = 0 if r = )

kQ
rR
r
kQ
r2
3

rR
2R
R2

1
1
1
1
= +
+ + ...
Ceq C1 C2 C3

Time constant
Current in a circuit with a
capacitor

Q(t) = Q0 e
t

Q(t) = Qf 1 e

= RC
I (t) = I 0 e

Magnetic Fields
Force on moving charge
Force on current element
Force on current
Circular motion
Circular motion period
Magnetic dipole moment
Torque on magnetic dipole
Potential energy of magnetic
dipole
Hall effect
Field due to moving charge
Biot-Savart law
Magnetic field on axis of
loop

Self inductance of solenoid

!
! !
F = qv B

!
! !
F = IL B (where L is the length of the wire)

qvB = mv 2 / r
2 m 1
T=
=
qB
f
!
= NIAn
! ! !
= B
! !
U = i B

Emf across inductor

VH = EH w = vd Bw =
B
nte
! 0 qv! r

B=
4 r 2
!
! 0 I d r

dB =
4 r 2

2 R 2 I
Bz = 0
3
4 2
z + R2 2

Inside a long solenoid

B = 0 nI

Due to a straight wire

segment

0 I
(sin 2 sin 1 )
4 R
NI

B= 0
2 r !
m net = " S Bi n dA = 0
! !
# C Bid != 0 Ienc
m = S Bi n dA

Inside a toroid
Gausss law for magnetism
Amperes law
Magnetic flux
Magnetic flux, uniform field,
with N turns
Faradays law
Rod moving perpendicular to
its length and B
Self inductance

B=

m = NBAcos

d m
dt
= Bv

E =

L= m
I

m21 m12
=
I1
I 2
Energy stored in inductor
1
U = LI 2
2

Energy density in a magnetic
B2
um =
field
20
Mutual inductance

!
! !
dF = I d B

L = 0 n2 A

Current energizing an
inductor
Current de-energizing an
inductor
Time constant

M=

dI
dt
I(t) = I f 1 et /

E = L

AC circuits
Generated emf
rms current

E = E peak cos t
I rms = I peak

rms voltage

Vrms = Vpeak

For a resistor

VR rms = I rms

For a inductor, potential

leads current by 90
For a capacitor, potential
lags current by 90
Inductive reactance

VL rms = I rms X L

Capacitive reactance

Electromagnetism
Displacement current
Generalized Amperes law
EM wave
Poynting vector

EM wave speed

VC rms = I rms X C

X L = L
XC =

EM wave energy density

1
C

( )

Average power to a resistor

Pav = VR rms I rms = I rms

Average power to inductor

and capacitor
Transformer

Pav = 0

Transformer with no power

losses
LC circuit natural frequency
Impedance
Phase angle
Average power

V2 =

0 = 1

Z = R2 + X L X C

tan =

X L XC

R

( )

Q factor for small R

R=

0 L

R

Q factor 0

Q factor =

(V

app rms

L2 2 02

R 2
+ 2 R2

0 0

u = 0 E 2 =

= 3.0 108 m/s

B 2 EB
=
0 0 c

EM wave momentum

U
p=
c
I E B
Pr = = 0 0
c 2 0 c

LC

c=

!
P
E B
E B
I = av = 0 0 = rms rms = S
av
A
2 0
0

EM wave radiation pressure

(absorbed)

V1 rms I1 rms = V2 rms I 2 rms

E = cB
! 1 ! !
S=
EB
0

EM wave intensity

N 2
V
N1 1

Pav = I rms
Q factor

d
I d = 0 e
dt
! !
#C Bid = 0 ( I enc + I d )