Chapter 28

Kurtis

1. When the sandpaper begins to feel sticky as it is moved back and forth, you have
cut down into the softer, less cured clearcoat. This is when you should wet sand very
lightly and be ready to stop.
2. Fine detailing involves a series of steps to prperly clean and shine all visible
exterior surfaces of the vehicle, taking special care not to harm the newly painted
surfaces.
3. Paint mottling occurs only in metallics when the metal flakes float together to form
a more silver or streaked appearance in the paint colour. To prevent it select the paint
solvent that is suitable for existing shop conditions and mix properly. Stir all
pigmented topcoats thorooughly. Use proper gun adjustments, techniques, and air
pressure. Keep the spray gun clean and in good working condition.
4. They are used to abrade and smooth a surface film by hand to level minor surface
imperfections.
5. Keep the pad flat or at about a 5 degree angle to fit the surface on flat body
surfaces. Only tilt the pad to reach into or match a curved surface. Let the weight of
the machine do the work. If you push down it can quickly cut through the clearcoat.
Use care around panel edges and body lines to avoid burn through. Do not let the
edge of a buffing pad get down into panels gaps or you casn even burn through the
protective masking tape. Check the repair often and apply more product as needed.
Compound until the product begins to dry. Do not continue if it has dried because it
can cause burn through. Never lay the face of a buffing pad on a work bench or any
surface that would contaminate the pad with dirt and debris.Never use a power
buffer with a hand rubbing compound. This will cause deep scratches, swirl marks,
and burn through. Place masking tape over gaps in the panels. This will keep
compound from getting behind panels so it will not have to be cleaned after. Hand
rub small parts and internal pockets in panels that could be easily damaged by the
sinning buffing pad. After inital compounding with a wool pad, buff again lightly with
a foam pad and finer glazing compound. This will help remove swirl marks and bring
out the paint gloss. After the machine compounding, remove the tape and hand
compoun all edges and contours just enough to produce a smooth finish.
6. Paint cracking is caused by excessive film thickness, materials not being uniformily
mixed, insufficient flash times, and incorrect use of additive. Tp prevent paint
cracking do not pile on topcoats. Allow sufficient flash times between coats. Do not
dry by gun fanning. Stir all pigmented undercoats and topcoats thoroughly. Strain
and add fish-eye eliminator to topcoats when necessary.Read and carefully follow
label instructions. Additives not specifically designed for a colourcoat can weaken the
paint film and make it more sensitive to paint cracking.
7. Used to identify any flaws in the new paint film. Touch the marker on the piece of
dust or dirt so you know where to detail sand without having to sarch closely again.
8. Apply the compound in an "X" shape and enough to buff an "arm's length" area.

9. Sand scratch swelling is enlarged sand scratches caused by the swelling action of
topcoat solvents.
10. Solvent popping is blisters on the paint surface caused by the paint topcoats
trapping evaporating solvent gases during curing and drying. Caused by improperly
cleaned surfaces, the wrong solvent or reducer and exessive film thickness formed by
to many layers of material. If the damage is extensive and severe, the paint must be
removed down to an unaffected layer or to bare metal, depending on thedepths of
the blisters. Then the affected area must be refinised using proper flash times and
drying or baking temperatures.
11. The interior and exterior or the vehicle should be cleaner then when the customer
brought it in.
12. Water spotting is the general dulling of gloss in spots or masses of spots. Prevent
it by not applying water to a fresh paint job, try to keep the vehicle out of rain or
snow. Allow sufficient drying times before returning to the customer. Wash the car in
shade and wipe it completely dry.
13. Spray rubberized undercoating to blacken wheel openings and any other exposed
undercarriage parts.
14. Line checking is similar to cracking, except that the lines or cracks are more
parallel and range from very short to very long. Caused by excessive film thickness
and improper surface preperation.
15. Detail sanding involves using a small dirt nib sanding block and ultra fine
sandpaper to level and smoothsmall specks of debris in the paint.
16. Improper gun adjustment and spraying techniques often cause orange peel. High
paint booth temperature can cause orange peel. Improper flash or recoat time
between coats. Using the wrong reducer. If you improperly mix in too little thinner or
reducer the paint can be too thick and will not flow out smoothly. Materials not
uniformly mixed.
17. Blistering shows up as small, swelled areas on the finish that look like a water
blister on humasn skin.There will be lack of gloss if blisters are small.
18. Paint runs occur when gravity produces a mass slippage of an overwet and thick
paint film. The weight of the uncured paint causes it to slide or flow down the surface.
19. Causes of sand scratch swelling are improper surface cleaning or preperation, use
of too course sandpaper or omitting a sealer in panel repairs greatly exaggerates
swelling caused by thinner penetration. Improper solvent. Underreduced or too fast a
solvent. Correct by sanding the affected area down with ultrafine sandpaper and
apply appropriate sealer before applying paint.
20. Improper drying, using too many heavy coats or wet coats, improper reducer or
imcompatible materials, and improper or rapid change in shop temperature. To
correct this paint problem you must remove the wrinkled enamel and refinish the
area.

21. Two full wet coats of clear, properly applied, with correct flash times between
each coat, will normally correct an orange peel problem. Minor orange peel can be
corrected by machine buffing or compounding the finish after it has dried.
22. Anything you see in the paint that will adversely affect the finish.
23. Done to help prevent burn through on the edges of a panel.
24. To correct a paint mismatch, you must repaint the area. You might have to tint the
paint a slightly different colour or use differnt spraying techniques.
25. A buffing pad can burn through edges almost instantly.
26. Is the abnormally slow hardening of a refinish product. Caused by improper
stirring or mixing of product, sloppy surface cleaning and preperation, wet sanding
with contaminated water, faulty refinish product, shelf like of product exceeded.
27. Have the vehicle look better then when it came in.
28. Blushing is a problem that makes the finish turn white or "milky looking". Caused
by hot humid weather, moisture droplets can become trapped in the wet paint film.
Excessive air pressure, using too fast a thinner or reducer. If the blushing problem is
in the colourcoat, recoat the area using the proper temperature in the booth, the
correct reducer and the recommended spray methods.
29. Avoid commercial car washes and harsh chemicals for 1 to 3 months. Hand wash
using only water and a soft sponge for the first month. Dry with cotton towels only.
Avoiding waxing and polishing for up to three months. Avoiding scraping ice and
snow near the refinished surfaces. Flush gas, oil, or fluid spills with water as soon as
possible for the first month.
30. Some degree of orange peel can be found in most finishes, both OEM and
repainted.
31. Aviod using strong cleaning agents on plastic parts in the dash panel. Some
cleaners will dissolve and damage plastic.
32. To prevent colour mismatch, always use spray out test panels and let-down test
panels. Use a spray out panel with two-stage, basecoat/clearcoat. Use a let-down test
panel for three-stage paints.
33. A bulls-eye featheredge is an indented area that results from shrinkage of spot
putty or filler, producing an area that is lower over the top of the putty or filler.
34. Used to clean and fluff up a woll buffing pad before machine compounding.
35. Paint fish-eyes are small dimples or craters that form in the liquid paint film right
after spraying. Contaminants mixed in the paint are psuhing the paint out of the area.
Caused from improper body surface cleaning and preperation, the old finish or a
previous repair can contain excessive amounts of silicone from additives used during
their application. Contaminants in the shop air lines and hoses. Using the wrong type
of air tool lubricating oil.

36. Improper surface cleaning, blowing off, and tack rag wiping of the surface to be
painted. A dirty or failed air line filter. A dirty spray booth. Defective or dirty air booth
inlet filters. A dirty spray gun. Wearing improper clothing or dirty coveralls. Opening
and closing spray booth doors before and after painting.
37. Featheredge splitting appears as stretch marks, or cracking along a featheredge.
Prevented by applying properly reduced primer-surfacer in medium to full wet coats
with enough flash time between coats. Stir all pigmented undercoats and topcoats
thoroughly. Select only reducers that are recommended for exsiting shop conditions.
Thoroughly clean areas that will be painted before sanding. Spot putty should be
limited to filling minor imperfections.
38. Sand out particles and apply small amount of clear over top.
39. Sharp tweezers can be used to grab and remove lint and hair from wet paint.
40. Bleeding is the original finish discolouring. Usually caused by not using a sealer
before painting. Contaminantion can also cause bleeding. Prevent by thoroughly
cleaning areas to be painted before sanding, especially when applying lighter colours
over darker colours.
41. Uses an orbital action to bring out thefull paint gloss. The pad is spun and moved
sideways.
42. A piece of fine wire or a tooth pick can be used to remove small flakes of dust
from wet paint.
43. Lifting is a condition that causes surface distortion or shirveling, while the topcoat
is being applied or drying. Caused by using incompatible materials. Insufficient flash
time. Improper drying. The effect of an old finish or a previous repair. Improper
surface cleaning or prep. Wrong thinner or reducer. Correct a lifting problem by
removing the finsih from the affect areas and refinish.
44. A buffing pad is rotated by an electric or air buffer to force compound over
thepaint surface.
45. Blend spray another coat of paint over that area right away.
46. Orange peel is an uneven surface formation. Is caused by poor fusion of atomized
paint droplets. Paint droplets dry out before they can flow out and level smoothly
together.
47. Applying to much paint. Triggering paint spray incorrectly when changing spray
gun directions. Not allowing enough flash time between coats. Wrong temperature
rating of solvent. Low air pressure causing lack of atomization. Holding gun to close
or making to slow of a gun pass. Shop or surface to cold.
48. Is a variation in the surface colour. To correct primecoat show-through you must
sand and refinish.
49. Use proper spray gun speed, distance and motion. Select proper thinner/reducer.

Do not pile on paint to quickly. Use proper gun adjustment, techniques and air
pressure. Allow surface to warm up to atleast room temperature.
50. Chemical spotting, such as acid and alkali spotting, causes an obvious
discolouration of the painted surface. Keep the finish away from a contaminated
atmosphere if possible. immediately following contamination, the body surface
should be vigorously flushed with cool water and degerent.
51. Uses a spinning or rotating action to level and quickly smooth a paint surface.
52. Select thinner or reducer suitible for shop conditions. Schedule painting to avoid
temperature and humidity extremes. Bring vehicle to room temperature before
refinishing.
53. Thoroughly clean all areas to be painted. Drain and clean the air pressure
regualtor on a daily basis to remove trapped moisture and dirt. Use propergun
adjustments, techniques, and air pressure. Select solvent suitable for shop
conditions. Allow sufficent flash and drying times.
54. #1000,#1500,#2000.