Mark Scheme (Results)

January 2014
International GCSE
Chemistry (4CH0) Paper 1C
Science Double Award (4SC0) Paper 1C
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Chemistry (KCH0) Paper 1C
Science (Double Award) (KSC0) Paper 1C

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January 2014
Publications Code UG037642
All the material in this publication is copyright
Pearson Education Ltd 2014


General Marking Guidance
All candidates must receive the same treatment. Examiners must mark
the first candidate in exactly the same way as they mark the last.
Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates must be rewarded
for what they have shown they can do rather than penalised for
omissions.
Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not according to
their perception of where the grade boundaries may lie.
There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark scheme should
be used appropriately.
All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be awarded.
Examiners should always award full marks if deserved, i.e. if the answer
matches the mark scheme. Examiners should also be prepared to award
zero marks if the candidates response is not worthy of credit according
to the mark scheme.
Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will provide the
principles by which marks will be awarded and exemplification may be
limited.
When examiners are in doubt regarding the application of the mark
scheme to a candidates response, the team leader must be consulted.
Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the candidate has replaced
it with an alternative response.


Question
number
1

Answer

Accept

Reject

Marks

M1 dissolve

M2 solution

M3 evaporate

M4 crystals

M5 filter

1
Total

Question
number
2 (a)

(b)
(c)

Answer

Reject

Marks

boiling

condensing

freezing

The particles move freely.

(i)

thermometer

(ii)

it/water boils at 100C

OR

(iii)

Accept

water does not get hotter

than 100C

it/water boils below the melting point of (solid) Q /

140C / boils before Q melts
IGNORE evaporates

reverse argument

to keep the liquid at an even/equal temperature

(throughout)

OWTTE

words that imply

constant temperature,
eg steady

OR
to avoid the bottom of the liquid from overheating/the
bottom getting hotter than the rest of the liquid/to
evenly distribute the heat/to avoid hot spots
IGNORE references to increasing movement, etc of
particles
Total

Question
number
3 (a)(i)

Expected Answer

Accept

Reject

nitrogen and oxygen

Marks
1

IGNORE formulae whether right or wrong

(ii)

argon

IGNORE formula whether right or wrong

(b)

(c)

Any one from:

manufacture of ammonia/in the Haber process
food packaging/preservative
aircraft tyres
(in) light bulbs
coolant/refrigerant/freezing agent
treatment of warts
Any one from:
sulfur dioxide
nitrogen monoxide
nitrogen dioxide
dinitrogen tetr(a)oxide
oxide(s) of nitrogen
If both a name and a formula are given, IGNORE the
formula
IGNORE carbon dioxide

nitrogen oxide
a correct formula

any other gas

(d)

(i)

iron + oxygen (+ water) (hydrated) iron (III) oxide

M1 lhs
M2 rhs

(ii)

M1 volume of oxygen = 80 63 / 17 (cm3)

M2 percentage = (

OR

100 ) / 21

ferric oxide/iron oxide

correct chemical
equation
M1 all formulae correct
M2 balanced

any other oxidation state

21.25 / 21.3/21.2

100 correctly evaluated

21 with no working scores 1

78.75/78.8/78.7 with no working scores 1
100 = 79 scores 1
79 with no working scores 0
(e)

(whether it/the height / the measurement is) the

same as before
IGNORE references to iron had stopped rusting

no change

1
Total

Question
number
4 (a) (i)

(b)

Answer

Accept

Reject

Marks

the (orange) colouring dissolves in ethanol / does not dissolve

in water
OR
the (orange) colouring is more soluble in ethanol (than water)
OR
ethanol is a better solvent (than water)
IGNORE petals dissolve

(ii)

water bath / electric heater / isomantle

description of
water bath
hot water/steam

(iii)

filter / decant / pour off the liquid

use a sieve

M1 2 spots/dots/circles drawn at different heights above the

original orange spot and below the solvent front

one spot level with

the orange spot

1
1

M2 one spot labelled red AND one spot labelled yellow

i.e.

Total

Question
number
5
(a)

Answer
A - (tap) funnel

Accept

Reject

Marks

burette

B - (conical) flask

(b)

C - (gas) jar

measuring cylinder

M1 (limewater) goes milky/chalky/cloudy

OR
(white) precipitate/solid/suspension (formed)

ppt

M2 (mixture) goes clear OWTTE (eg cloudiness

disappears)

colours other than white

1
1

solid dissolves OWTTE

colourless solution
(formed)

IGNORE bubbles
(c)

more dense than air/oxygen

(d)

poor conductor of
electricity

just heavier than air

weakly acidic

1
Total


Question
number
6
(a)

Answer

Accept

Reject

M1 C6H14
M2 58
M3 any value in the range 25 to 45
boiling point/it increases as Mr increases

(b)

(c)

different general formulae /

OR
(general) formula of ethene is not CnH2n+2 / (general)
formula of ethane is not CnH2n

Mark
s
1
1

reverse argument
positive correlation
as one increases the
other increases
same number of carbon
atoms but different
number of hydrogen
atoms

directly proportional

just different number of

hydrogen atoms

1
1

OR
use of/ mention of displayed formulae to show/indicate
double (C to C) bond in ethene and single (C to C)
bond in ethane
(d) (i)
M1

1
M2
penailse one missng H or one missing bond once only
accept answers in either order
(ii)

(structural) isomer(s)

isomerism

(e)

(i) C2H6 + Br2 C2H5Br

+ HBr

further substituted formula

structural or displayed formulae

bromination/halogenation

M1 C2H5Br
M2 rest of equation correct
M2 dep on M1
IGNORE state symbols
(ii)

substitution

(iii) ultraviolet/uv (radiation)

uv light
sunlight

light on its own

1
Total

12


Question
number
7 (a)

Answer
releases thermal energy

Accept
releases heat (energy)

Reject
just releases energy

Mark
s
1

produces an increase in
temperature
(b)

D
1

(c)

(d)

A
M1 (consists of) positive AND negative/oppositely
charged ions/Mg2+ AND O2 (ions)
IGNORE references to loss and gain of electrons
M2 (strong) attraction between (positive AND
negative/
oppositely charged) ions/Mg2+ AND O2 (ions)

(strong) ionic bonding/(strong)

ionic bonds

M3 many ions (present in lattice)/giant

structure/giant lattice
M4 large amount of energy required (to separate the
ions/overcome the attraction between the ions)

(e)

break the ionic bonding/bonds

If mention of covalent bonds/metallic

bonds/intermolecular forces only M4 can be awarded
M1 (name) magnesium chloride
M2 (formula) MgCl2
Penalise inappropriate use of upper or lower case
letters or numbers in the wrong place

1
accept a correct formula as a
product in an equation whether
the equation correct or not

1
Total

Question
number
8
(a)

Answer
M1 electronic configuration / 2.1, 2.8.1, 2.8.8.1

Accept

Reject

electronic structure /
arrangement of electrons

Marks
1

M2 same number of electrons in outer shell / one

electron in outer shell

OR
the number of electrons in the outer shell determines
the chemical properties
(b)
(c)

melting point / melting temperature

(i)

burns with a pop/squeak (when mixed with air and

ignited)

(ii)
(iii)

aq

1
use burning/lit spill /
flame to see if
pop/squeak
splint for spill
capital letters

IGNORE references to lithium hydroxide is a metal

hydroxide
M2 dep on M1 correct or missing

1
1

M1 turns blue
IGNORE purple
M2 alkaline solution formed/alkali formed/hydroxide
ions
formed/LiOH is an alkali/LiOH forms hydroxide
ions

glowing spill
just squeaky pop test

OH for hydroxide ions

pH is greater than 7

(d)

Similarities - any two from:

floats
moves around
fizzes/effervesces/bubbles/produces
gas/produces hydrogen
disappears/dissolves
forms a solution
Differences any two from:
Potassium:
more vigorous/move around faster/reacts
faster/fizzes more/explodes
flame (IGNORE colour)/catches fire
forms a ball/bead/melts

(e)

(i)

4Li + O2 2Li2O
IGNORE state symbols

2
forms an alkali/forms a
hydroxide
react vigorously
exothermic/gives out heat

2
reverse arguments for lithium
comparison between the two,
eg only potassium catches fire,
they react at different rates
multiples and halves

multiples and halves

M1 formulae
M2 balancing
M2 dep on M1
(ii)

(1)

(1)

Total

14


Question
number
9
(a)
(i)

(ii)
(iii)

Answer

Reject

Marks

M1 & M2 all points correctly plotted to nearest gridline

deduct 1 mark for each incorrectly plotted point

M3 smooth curve of best fit drawn

value from candidates graph to nearest gridline

Penalise incorrect units
as temperature increases, time (taken) decreases
IGNORE references to rate and inverse proportionality

Accept

reverse argument
negative correlation

1
1

Question
number
9
(b)

Answer
M1 (average kinetic) energy of particles/ions
increases
M2 more collisions/particles/ions have energy
activation
energy

Accept
particles move faster

Reject

Marks

molecules/atoms (but
once only)

sufficient energy to react

1
1

M3 more (successful) collisions per second / more

frequent
(successful) collisions
IGNORE references to chance of collisions
Penalise reference to molecules once only
(c)

(same) concentration (of each solution)

(same) volume (of each

solution)

(same) amount of (each)

solution
rate of mixing
Total


Question
number
10 (a)

Answer
initial
16
16
16

final
17
19
21

Accept

Reject

Marks

changes
(+)1
(+)3
(+)5
2

M1 & M2 all 6 temperature readings

correct
deduct one mark for each incorrect value

M3 all 3 temperature changes correct

Mark M3 csq on temperature readings
(b)

M1 (the smaller the chips the) larger the

(total) surface area
M2 more (thermal) energy (is transferred
to the water)

1
heat for thermal energy

faster reaction
reverse argument for experiment 1

(c)

M1 (it would be) lower

M2 larger volume of liquid/more liquid to
heat
up (with same amount of thermal
energy transferred)

1
water or acid in place of liquid

M2 dep on M1
Total


Question
number
11 (a)
(b)

Answer

Accept

Reject

Marks

oxidised AND gain of oxygen

IGNORE reference to loss of electrons

increase in oxidation number

M1 it/magnesium is more reactive than titanium

reverse argument

M2 it/magnesium has displaced titanium

replaced

it/magnesium chloride has a different/lower

boiling point
IGNORE references to melting point

more volatile

M1 (aircraft engines) high strength-to-weight

ratio

high m.pt / corrosion resistant

gain of electrons

M2 dep on M1
(c)

(d)

M2 (hip replacements) non-toxic

reverse argument

high strength-to-weight ratio /

corrosion resistant

not corrosive

1
1

not corrosive

M3 (propellers) corrosion resistant

NO USE CAN BE GIVEN TWICE
Total


Question
number
12
(a)
(i)

Answer

Marks
1
1

0.004(0)

M1
M2

(b)

Reject

M1
M2

(ii)

Accept

M1

0.01(00)
0.004 mol of Mg react with 0.008 mol of HCl

OR

an answer of 10(.0) for 1

mark (i.e. failing to divide
by 1000)
Mg and HCl react in a 1:2
ratio (by moles)

0.01
is greater than 0.008 / M2 from (a)(ii) is
greater than
2 x M2 from (a)(i)
M2

HCl is in excess

M2 dep on M1
Mark csq on answers in (a)(i) and (a)(ii)
Total


Question
number
13 (a)

(b)

Answer

Accept

Reject

Marks

M1 air

atmosphere

M2 natural gas / water/ hydrocarbons

steam

M1 (temperature) 400 to 500 C

methane
623 to 823 K

M2 (pressure) 150 to 250 atmospheres

atm / bar

Units required, but allow one mark for both numbers correct with units
missing
1

M3 (catalyst) iron / Fe
IGNORE references to promoters such as iron oxide
(c)

all other oxidation

states

nitric acid / nitric(V) acid

(d)
/ 7.5 x 10-3 (mol)

M1

n(NH3) =

M2

n(HNO3) =

M3

conc.(HNO3) =

OR

1
1

other suitable
methods, e.g.
use of V1M1 =
V2M2

/ 7.5 x 10-3 (mol)

0.5(00) (mol/dm3)

correctly evaluated

Mark csq throughout

correct answer with no working scores 3
Total

Question
number
14 (a)

Answer

Accept

Reject

Any two from:

Marks
2

M1 both forward and backwards reactions are occurring

M2 amounts/concentrations of reactants and products stay the
same/pressure (of gas mixture) stays the same

masses for
amounts

are the same

M3 rate of forward reaction = rate of backwards reaction

(b)

(i)

M1 increase
M2 (forward) reaction is exothermic/gives out heat
M2 dep on M1

1
reverse reaction is
endothermic

equilibrium
shifts to left

IGNORE references to le Chateliers principle and to reaction tries to

decrease the temperature/equilibrium shifts to right
(b)

(ii)

M1 increase
M2 fewer moles/molecules (of gas) on right (hand side)
M2 dep on M1
IGNORE references to le Chateliers principle and to reaction tries to
decrease the pressure/equilibrium shifts to right

1
more molecules on
left (hand side)

equilibrium
shifts to left


(c)

(i)

2CH3OH + O2 2H2CO + 2H2O

multiples and halves

mass does not

change
without being used
up

M1 formulae
M2 balancing
M2 dep on M1
IGNORE catalyst if on both sides or above arrow
IGNORE state symbols
(ii)

M1 a substance that increases the rate of a reaction

IGNORE alters the rate and any reference to enzymes
M2 and is chemically unchanged (at the end of the reaction)
IGNORE references to takes no part in the reaction

(iii)

M1 provides an alternative reaction path(way)/route/mechanism

M2 (alternative path has a) lower activation energy
[Activation energy can be described, e.g. the minimum energy
needed (by colliding particles) for reaction to occur]
MAX 1 if any mention of particles gaining energy

(d)

2CH3OH + 3O2

2CO2 +

M1 all formulae correct

M2 balanced
M2 dep on M1

4H2O

M1 molecules
adsorb on/stick
to the catalyst
M2 weakens the
bonds in the
reactant
molecules
multiples and halves

correct equation for

methanal for one
mark

IGNORE state symbols

Total

14

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