AnnotatedBibliography:

LechWalesa:FaceoftheStrike
AlexisBlum

PRIMARYSOURCES:
N/A.walesaRecallsSolidarityTriumph.BBCNews.BBC,29Aug.2005.
Web.05Jan2015.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4194204.stm
ThisarticleisareliablesourcesinceitisaninterviewwithWalesahimself.Inthis
articleherecallsandexplainshisvictoryinSolidarity.Herecallsmomentsbeforehis
presidency,explaininghowthestrikestartedagainstCommunisminPoland.Itgivesthe
readeragoodunderstandingofwhatitwasactuallyliketoleadavictoriousstrike.
Walesafurtherexplainsthatatwoweekstrikewasnotashortamount,andhowheknew
thiswouldleadtothedownfallofCommunisminPoland.
N/A.ExcerptsfromDebateBetweenLechWalesaandAlfredMiodowicz,30
November1988|MakingtheHistoryof1989.ExcerptsfromDebateBetween
LechWalesaandAlfredMiodowicz,30November1988|MakingtheHistoryof
1989.RoyRosenzweigCenterforHistory&NewMedia,2007.Web.06Jan.
2015.
http://chnm.gmu.edu/1989/items/show/540
Justliketheprevioussource,thisonecontainsWalesasownwordsaswell.Itisa
debatehehadheldwithanothermannamedAlfredMiodowicz.Miodowiczhad
challengedWalesatoanational,lovetelevisiondebate.HeexpectedtooutdoWalesa,
however,despitehisinexperiencewithpoliticalmatters,Walesareinedsupreme.Hekept
Miodowiczonthedefensethroughouttheentireprogram.Hedidnotcrippleunderthe
pressureofthischallenge,whichprovedtobequitethesurprise.Amongthe78%of
Polishcitizensthatwatchedthisprogram,Walesaloomednowmorethaneverinthe
effortstopushasthetruealternativetotheregime.ThissourceshowshowWalesawas
aheadofhistime,whileprovidingexamplesofhowcleverheis.

N/A.lechWalesa:PolandTodayIsBeyondAnythingICouldHaveImaginedin
1989CNN.com.CNN.CableNewsNetwork,n.d.07Jan.2015.
http://www.cnn.com/2014/06/06/world/europe/lechwalesapolandtoday/
Inthissource,CNNinterviewsWalesaonhowhefeelsaboutPolandtoday,He
stateshowtheoutcomeofhisstrikeisbeyondanythinghecouldimagine.Hetalksabout

howpleasedheiswithPolandsprogressbecauseofhisacitions.Walesaalsogoesinto
howimportantitisforacountryspeopletosticktogetherduringtimesofhardship;how
unityisimportanttoeffortstochangethewaysomethingis.Hefurherclaimsthathis
strengthtoleadcamefromhisfaith,butalsohowhedidnotwanttorepeatthesame
mistakesmadein1970.Inthisarticle,healsoelaboratesonhowhewisheshedidsome
thingsdifferently,butwouldntchangethepathhehadtaken.Thissourcegivesaninside
looktohowhehasreactedtohispastselfsotospeak,andhowPolandhaschangedsince
hebeganhiseffortstochangethings.
N/A.LechWalesaQuotes.BrainyQuote.Xplore,n.d.Web.05Jan.2015
http://brainyquote.com/quotes/authors/l/lech_walesa.html
ThissourceprovidescopiousamountsofquotesfromLechWalesahimself.They
giveapeakintoWalesasthoughtprocessduringhismovement.Thereisalsoinsightto
howwellhecouldspeak.Hehascertainpoliticalviewsandbeliefsandthatisclearly
showninhisspeechpattern.Itprovidesniceexamplesastohowhethinksandhowwell
heknowshowtorepresenthimself.
"Poland."Print.N.p.,n.d.Web.12Jan.2015.
http://www.year1989.pl/y89/poland/history/8696,Poland.print
ThissourcecontainsagoodphotothatdepictsWalesasvictoryatSolidarity.It
depictshimbeingcarriedbywhatappearstobethecrowdofpeoplewhoparticipatedin
thestrike.ThephotoisinblackandwhiteandshowsWalesasmiling.Walesaisalso
waving,mostlikingatthecameratakingthephoto.ThedateisAugust1980.

N/A."FromtheArchive,25October1980:Judge'sStingintheTailMars
Solidarity'sTriumph."TheGuardian.N.p.,n.d.Web.9Jan.2015.
http://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/2012/oct/25/solidaritylechwalesapoland
1980
ThissourcecontainsaphotodepictingWalesaduringthestrikeatSolidarity.The
firstimagethatpopsupappearstobehimstandingonaplatform,speakingtoacrowdof
people.Mostofthepeoplearemen,andheisholdingpapers.Itappearsasifhemay
havewrittenaspeechforthem.Thissourcealsodoublesasanarticlethatgoesintohis
victory.Itdescribeswhathebelievedinandhowthestrikersfeltaswell.
"LechWalesa,RevolutionaryFreeMarketCapitalistWhoDefeatedCommunism

InEurope,ToVisitNewYorkInSupportOfOccupyWallStreetHome
TheDailyBail."LechWalesa,RevolutionaryFreeMarketCapitalistWho
DefeatedCommunismInEurope,ToVisitNewYorkInSupportOfOccupy
WallStreetHomeTheDailyBail.N.p.,n.d.Web.12Jan.2015.
http://dailybail.com/home/lechwalesarevolutionaryfreemarketcapitalistwho
defeate.html
Finally,thisisoneofthearticlesthatcontainsmorethanonepictureofWalesaas
wellasanarticleabouthim.Theveryfirstpicturethatshowsupresemblesthatofa
celebration.Thereisacheeringcrowd,whileholdingflowersandgrinning,iscarrying
Walesa.Otherphotosincludehimgivingaspeechandacouplemoremodernpicturesof
himsmilingforthecamera.Thissourcealsocontainsafewquotesfromhimdiscussing
whatitwaslikeatSolidarity.
N/A."MyTormentLivingwithLechWalesa:WifeofPolishSolidarityLegend
RevealsHerLonelinessandJealousyasHeRosetoPowerfromthe
Shipyard."DailyMail.N.p.,19Nov.2011.Web.11Jan.2015.
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article2063344/MytormentlivinglegendLech
WalesaWifePolishSolidarityherorevealslonelinessjealousyrosepower
shipyard.html
WhilethissourceismainlyaboutWalesaswifespeakingonhowthestrikehad
putastrainontheirmarriage,therearephotos.Oneinfactincludeshimandhiswife!
Thereisanother,whichappearstobehimmarchingduringthestrikeattheshipyardhe
usedtoworkat.Heisfollowedbymanyofhisfellowworkers.Walesaswifealso
explainshowtheirfamilyhadpracticallybeentornapartbythemediainPoland.Itwasa
gainfortheircountry,butalossfortheirfamily.
"NobelWinner1983:LechWalesa,SolidarityFounder."BBCNews.BBC,09Dec.
2010.Web.12Jan.2015.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world11954721
ThissourcecontainsanaudiointerviewthatincludesLechWalesasson.Aboy
whohadafirsthandexperiencewithWalesasstrikesefforts.Hetalksabouthowtheir
familylifehadbeenstrained,especiallywhenhewasarrested.Walesaswifehadbeen
leftalonewithsevenchildren,andhissonexplainshowshetoughedthroughit.Theman
alsoexplainsWalesaspsyche.HetellsthelistenerhowLechwouldnothavegotten
violent,itwasnthisstyle.
"PhotoGallery:TheFatherofSolidarity."SPIEGELONLINE.N.p.,n.d.Web.12

Jan.2015.
http://www.spiegel.de/fotostrecke/photogallerythefatherofsolidarityfotostrecke
48595.html
ThissourcecontainsnumerousphotosofWalesaduringhisstrikeatSolidarity.
Thefirstdepictshimstandinginfrontofacrowdofpeople,givingwhatappearstobea
speech.Anothershowshimwithasternfacebeingcarriedbyacrowdofpeople.Asthe
photosprogressinthiscollection,aclearideathatWalesaknewwhathewasdoingis
shown.Heappearstoknowexactlywhatvibehewantstogiveoffandhowheknows
exactlywhathewants.Oneofthephotosincludeshimgivingaspeechatapodium,heis
talkingaboutSolidarityandMarshallLaw.
"LetterbyLechWalesatotheCouncilofState|MakingtheHistoryof
1989."LetterbyLechWalesatotheCouncilofState|MakingtheHistoryof
1989.N.p.,n.d.Web.12Jan.2015.
http://chnm.gmu.edu/1989/items/show/76
ThissourcecontainsexcerptsfromaletterWalesawrotetotheCouncilofState,
requestingthatMarshallLawmustcometoanend.Itisimportanttorememberthatthe
CouncilofStatesisthemostpowerfulbranchofgovernmentinPoland,andthatwriting
thislettertookguts.HearguedthatbothwerevitaltoPoland'spoliticalandeconomic
wellbeing.Walesadeclaredhismandatebasedonhiselectionasthechairmanof
Solidarity.Atthesametime,hesoughttoreassuretheCouncilofStatethatSolidaritydid
notplanitsoverthrow.WalesadidindeedbecomePolandspostsocialistpresidentand
chairman.
MLAstyle:"LechWalesaNobelLecture".Nobelprize.org.NobelMedia
AB2014.Web.14Jan2015.
http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1983/walesalecture.html
ThissourceisalectureWalesawrotehimselfwhenitwastimetoaccepthisNobel
PeacePrize.HegoesintohowhefeelsaboutPoland,tohimhowthecountry'spasthas
looked.HementionsthatPolandhassuchabitterpast,andthatbecausetheywonthe
strike,therewasabeaconofhope.Healsoclaimsthatheisnotworthyoftheaward
giventhefactheisonlyoneofthemenwhofoundedthestrikeunion.
N/A."SPIEGELONLINEInterviewwithLechWalesa:'It'sGoodThatGorbachev
WasaWeakPolitician'SPIEGELONLINE."SPIEGELONLINE.
SPIEGELONLINE,6Nov.2009.Web.14Jan.2015.

http://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/spiegelonlineinterviewwithlechwalesait
sgoodthatgorbachevwasaweakpoliticiana659752.html
Inthisinterview,Walesaisaskedonhowhefeelsaboutthe20thanniversaryofthe
collapseoftheBerlinWall.Heclaimsthatitdoesnotmatterifheislookingforwardto
theoccasionornot.Hesaysitisimportantforhimtobetheresinceheisapolitician.
LechclaimsthathebelievethefallofCommunismbeganintheshipyards,withtheir
strikes.Laterhegoesintohowhebelievespoliticiansbehave.Hesaystheycount
everythingfromtheirweaponstotheirsoldiers;howwhenthemassesfinallystartto
rebelsomepoliticianswillbeconfusedandnotknowwhattodo.Thisinterviewprovides
greatinsighttoWalesa'sthoughtprocess.
"Newzar."Newzar.N.p.,7Dec.2013.Web.15Jan.2015.
https://newzar.wordpress.com/category/lechwalesa/
ThisarticlepreviewsWalesasarticleinTIMEmagazine.Italsocontainsaphoto
ofwhathiscoverlookedlike.Thecoverresembleswhatawartimepropagandaposter
wouldlooklike,anditslipsdownthemiddleofhisface.Onehalfisredandportraysit
asanactualwar,toportraydarknessandfighting.Whiletheotherhalfiscolorizedand
displaysamorepeacefullook.Thearticlesummarycontainsfactsabouthisreturnto
governmentandaquotefromamantalkinghighlyofhim.
"LechWalesaTIMENews,Pictures,Quotes,Archive."TIME.com.TIME,n.d.
Web.15Jan.2015.
http://www.easybib.com/cite/clipboard/id/1421328292_54b7bfa484f122.76916040/style/
mla7
ThisphotodepictsamoremodernsetWalesa.Whileitwasnottakenduringhis
timeaspresident,heisstillinvolvedwiththePolishgovernment.Heiswalkingwitha
groupofmenwhoappeartobetalkingtohimaboutwhatmaybepolitics.Hedoesnt
looktoohappy,butthatjustmaybethejob.HewasvisitingIrelandtodiscusatreaty.
SECONDARYSOURCES:
Simkim,John.SpartacusEducational.SpartacusEducational.Spartacus
Educational,Sept.1997.Web.04Jan.2015.
http://spartacuseducational.com/POLwalesa.htm
ThissourcegoesintoWalesasearlierlife.Ittellsusasthereaderswhere

hewasborn,wherehelivedandabitofhisjourneytobecomingthepoliticianheis
today.Itstatesthathewasinvolvedinanindustrialdisputein1970,ashebecamethe
chairmanoftheshipyardsstrikecommittee.Afterwards,thisarticlestatesthathekept
findingtemporaryjobs,organizinghimselfinCommunistfreetradeunions.Thenthe
authorfurthergoesinto,thatbecauseofthestrike,Walesawasimprisoned.Onlytobe
releasedin1982,withconsiderablerestrictionstohispersonalfreedoms.Thispassage
allowsthereadertocatchaglimpsetoWalesaslifebeforehispresidency.
N/A.BusinessInvestmentinPoland.CSPAN.org.CSPANTVNetwork,n.d.
Web.06Jan.2015.
Http://www.cspan.org/video/?99621/businessinvestmentpoland
ThisvideoisaboutBusinessinPoland.Walesadoesmakeanappearancethat
takesplacethedayafterhehadaddressedajointmeetingofCongress.Walesareiterates
thecentralthemeofhisU.S.visit.Hestatesbusinessinvestmentinthewestisneededto
buildaneconomicfoundationforthenewdemocraciesinPolandandEasternEurope.
Whilethisvideoisnotaboutthestrike,itdemonstratesaninsidelookonWalesas
thoughts.
TheEditorsofEncyclopediaBritiannica.LechWalesa|BiographyPresident
ofPoland.EncyclopediaBritannicaOnline.EcyclopediaBritannica,23July
2014.Web.03Jan.2015.
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/634519/LechWalesa
ThistinysourcegivesmeasortofbriefingoverWalesa.Itturnsouttobethis
waybecausetheinformationislockedandmustbepaidfor.Whilethisisanuisance,it
providessomeinformation.ItsaysthatWalesaistheproudownerofaNobelPeace
Prize.Previouslythisinformationhadnotbeenknown.
KilKelly,Katie,andSarahMiller.Walesa.Walesa.N.P.,n.d.Web.06Jan.
2015.
http://www2.needham.k12.ma.us/nhs/cur/Baker_00/backer_modern/baker_kk_sm_p1/wa
lesa.htm
Asourcethatisobviouslystudentmade,goesintoWalesaduringthestrike.It
giveshistoricalfactsonwhathedidduringthestrikeandhowheledthemovement
againstCommunismatSolidarity.ThepassagealsomentionsWalesastimeaspresident
aswellashiswinningofaNobelPeacePrize.Overall,thearticleislikeaindepth
briefingofLechWalesa.
LechWalesaFacts.Nobelprize.org.NobelMediaAB2014.Web.6Jan2015.

http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1983/walesafacts.html
ThisarticlegoesintohowLechwentaboutreceivinghisNobelPeacePrize.First,
itstatesafewsmallstatssuchasbirthdate,roleinthestrike,beliefs,etc.Itstatesthat
Lechhadstartedthisshortlyafterhehadbeenreleasedfromprisonforhisprevious
movementattheshipyardheusedtoworkat.Duringthestrike,apparently,hewasable
tomarchintoLeninYardanddiscussnegotiationswithauthorities.Thisdidinfactend
withhisvictoryatSolidarity.
Kreis,Steven.LechWalesa.TheHistoryGuide.StevenKreis,n.d.Web.04Jan
2015.
http://historyguide.org/europe/walesa.html
ThismassivewalloftextislikeacompressedtimelineofLechWalesashistory.
Itdoesinfactgointohislifebeforetheshipyardstrikeaswellashistimeinprison.It
alsogivesthedatesforeachofhismovements.Thearticleaddressessomeofhis
accomplishmentsduringhismovementatSolidarity.Towardstheend,itgoesintohow
WalesawentaboutbecomingthePresidentofPolandandhowhefeelsaboutallthis
today.
N/A."FromtheArchive,25October1980:Judge'sStingintheTailMars
Solidarity'sTriumph."TheGuardian.N.p.,n.d.Web.9Jan.2015.
http://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/2012/oct/25/solidaritylechwalesapoland
1980
ThissourcecontainsaphotodepictingWalesaduringthestrikeatSolidarity.The
firstimagethatpopsupappearstobehimstandingonaplatform,speakingtoacrowdof
people.Mostofthepeoplearemen,andheisholdingpapers.Itappearsasifhemay
havewrittenaspeechforthem.Thissourcealsodoublesasanarticlethatgoesintohis
victory.Itdescribeswhathebelievedinandhowthestrikersfeltaswell.

"LechWalesa,RevolutionaryFreeMarketCapitalistWhoDefeatedCommunism
InEurope,ToVisitNewYorkInSupportOfOccupyWallStreetHome
TheDailyBail."LechWalesa,RevolutionaryFreeMarketCapitalistWho
DefeatedCommunismInEurope,ToVisitNewYorkInSupportOfOccupy
WallStreetHomeTheDailyBail.N.p.,n.d.Web.12Jan.2015.
http://dailybail.com/home/lechwalesarevolutionaryfreemarketcapitalistwho
defeate.html

ThisisoneofthearticlesthatcontainsmorethanonepictureofWalesaaswellas
anarticleabouthim.Theveryfirstpicturethatshowsupresemblesthatofacelebration.
Thereisacheeringcrowd,whileholdingflowersandgrinning,iscarryingWalesa.Other
photosincludehimgivingaspeechandacouplemoremodernpicturesofhimsmiling
forthecamera.Thissourcealsocontainsafewquotesfromhimdiscussingwhatitwas
likeatSolidarity.
"LechWasa:II.JnosPltAzgKldteVIDEVAL."LechWasa:II.Jnos
PltAzgKldte.N.p.,n.d.Web.12Jan.2015.
http://www.magyarkurir.hu/hirek/lechwalesaiijanospaltazegkuldtevideoval
ThisentirearticleiswritteninHungariansothebrowserdidhavetotranslatethe
text.EssentiallyitgoesintoLechsinfluenceoverSolidarityandhowhehadeven
managedtogetattentionfromthePope.Infact,thispassageincludessomeexcellent
photosdisplayinghistimeduringthestrikeatSolidarity.Thisarticlemanagestogointo
hisfaith(statingthatheisaRomanCatholic)andhowhereliedonfaithtohelphim
throughthesetroublingtimes.
N/A."MyTormentLivingwithLechWalesa:WifeofPolishSolidarityLegend
RevealsHerLonelinessandJealousyasHeRosetoPowerfromthe
Shipyard."DailyMail.N.p.,19Nov.2011.Web.11Jan.2015.
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article2063344/MytormentlivinglegendLech
WalesaWifePolishSolidarityherorevealslonelinessjealousyrosepower
shipyard.html
WhilethissourceismainlyaboutWalesaswifespeakingonhowthestrikehad
putastrainontheirmarriage,therearephotos.Oneinfactincludeshimandhiswife!
Thereisanother,whichappearstobehimmarchingduringthestrikeattheshipyardhe
usedtoworkat.Heisfollowedbymanyofhisfellowworkers.Walesaswifealso
explainshowtheirfamilyhadpracticallybeentornapartbythemediainPoland.Itwasa
gainfortheircountry,butalossfortheirfamily.
"Solidarity(PolishTradeUnion)."PrincetonUniversity.N.p.,n.d.Web.14Jan.
2015.
http://www.princeton.edu/~achaney/tmve/wiki100k/docs/Solidarity_
%28Polish_trade_union%29.html
MassivearticlethatincludesanumerousamountofkeypointsregardingSolidarity.
ItspecifieswhatSolidaritywas,howitoriginatedandwhatkindofmovementitwas.It

specifieswhatpoliticalpartiesfoughtwithitaswell.ThisarticlealsogoesintoThe
RoundTableTalks.HowthosetalkshelpedSolidarityandeventuallyhowWalesawas
electedpresident.
"LechWalesaBiography."LechWalesaChildhood,Lifeline&Timeline.FAMOUS
PEOPLE,n.d.Web.12Jan.2015.
http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/lechwalesa54.php
ThebestthingaboutthissourceisthatitcontainsatimelineaboutWalesa.It
providessomethingthatcanclarifywhathedidandinwhatorderhedidsaidthings.
Theresoneparagraphforeveryinstanceinhislife.Thereisoneparagraphproviding
informationabouthisearlierlife,earlierpoliticalactivities,Solidarity,andhis
presidency.Thissourceprovidesagoodamountofinformationinchronologicalorder,
whichmakesiteasiertoread.Ithasgoodflow.