Storage Tank Protection - Jump Start

Jump Start: Storage Tank Protection in Aspen HYSYS and Aspen Plus
A Brief Tutorial (and supplement to training and online documentation)

Anum Qassam, Product Management, Aspen Technology, Inc.
Jennifer Dyment, Product Marketing, Aspen Technology, Inc.
2013 Aspen Technology, Inc. AspenTech , aspenONE , the aspenONE logo, and the Aspen leaf logo are trademarks of Aspen Technology, Inc. All rights reserved.
Jump Start: Pressure Relief Valve Sizing in Aspen HYSYS
Contents
Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 1
Initial Setup ................................................................................................................................................... 2
Adding a Storage Tank .................................................................................................................................. 2
Tank Design Tab ............................................................................................................................................ 4
Initial Set Up.............................................................................................................................................. 4
Tank Design Inputs.................................................................................................................................... 6
Insulation Details ...................................................................................................................................... 7
Normal Venting Tab ...................................................................................................................................... 8
Initial Set Up.............................................................................................................................................. 8
Normal Venting Inputs............................................................................................................................10
Normal Venting Results ..........................................................................................................................10
Emergency Venting Tab ..............................................................................................................................11
Initial Set Up............................................................................................................................................ 11
Emergency Venting Inputs ......................................................................................................................12
Emergency Venting Results.....................................................................................................................14
Conclusions .................................................................................................................................................14
References ..................................................................................................................................................14
Additional Resources .................................................................................................................................. 14
Introduction
Without appropriate safety precautions, low pressure storage tanks can fail due to excessive pressure or
vacuum. The Safety Environment in Aspen HYSYS and Aspen Plus provides calculation methodologies to
quantify the required normal and emergency venting capacity of a low-pressure storage tank in
accordance with the API 2000.
This is not meant to be used as a stand-alone reference document. AspenTech recommends that a
range of other resources be referenced to give the new user a comprehensive view of how to use Aspen
HYSYS and Aspen Plus. These may include:
Jump Start Guide: Relief Sizing in Aspen HYSYS and Aspen Plus v8.6
AspenTech support website (support.aspentech.com)
AspenTech courseware available in on-line and in-person versions
AspenTech business consultants
Additional Jump Start Guidesavailable on a variety of related topics
This document provides a detailed overview of the steps required to determine the normal and
emergency venting requirements for low pressure storage tanks within the Safety Environment of Aspen
HYSYS and Aspen Plus.
Please refer to the previously published Jump Start Guide: Relief Sizing in Aspen HYSYS and Aspen Plus
v8.6 for additional details on any of the aforementioned topics.
Either Aspen Plus or Aspen HYSYS can be used to follow this jump start guide. Following the jump start
guide with the example file PRESSURE RELIEF STARTER.hsc in Aspen HYSYS or the example file Safety
Analysis without PRD.bkp in Aspen Plus is strongly recommended. Both files are on aspenONE
Exchange.
Initial Setup
All examples and screenshots in this guide are based on the example file PRESSURE RELIEF
STARTER.hsc in Aspen HYSYS. If more familiar with Aspen Plus, users can use the Safety Analysis
without PRD.bkp file instead. Make sure that the correct units are selected when specifying
parameters when prompted.
To begin, the user should:
(1) Open the file (PRESSURE RELIEF STARTER.hsc or Safety Analysis Without PRD.bkp),
(2) Run the case [Aspen Plus only]
(3) Enter the Safety Analysis environment
Adding a Storage Tank

This section describes how the user can add storage tanks to the Safety Environment.
Open the Tank Manager by clicking on the Storage Tank Protection button on the Home tab of the
Ribbon, shown in Figure 1. The user can also get to the Tank Manager by selecting the Storage Tank
Protection heading on the Navigation Pane, shown in Figure 2.
Figure 1: Open Tank Manager from Ribbon
Figure 2: Open Tank Manager from Navigation Pane

The user should now see the Tank Manager. Click the Add button to add a new storage tank, as shown
on Figure 3.
Figure 3: Add a Storage Tank on the Tank Manager Tab

Clicking the Add button will result in a new row added to the Tank Manager. The user must open up the
Storage Tank tab by either (1) selecting the newly-created entry and clicking the Edit button (see Figure
4) or (2) double-clicking on the Tank Manager row to open up the Storage Tank tab.
Figure 4: Open a Storage Tank Form

Quick Tip
The user can quickly add a storage tank and open up the Storage Tank tab by right-clicking the Storage
Tank Protection heading on the Navigation Pane and selecting Add Storage Tank from the menu that
appears, as shown in Figure 5.
Figure 5: Adding a Storage Tank from Navigation Pane

The user should now see the Storage Tank form, which is shown in Figure 6.
Figure 6: Tank Design tab
Tank Design Tab

This section details the various inputs in the Tank Design tab, and the effect of the input on the normal
and emergency venting calculations.
Initial Set Up
In the Tank Design tab, the Tank Name, Service, and Tank Design Code do not affect the storage tank
calculation; these inputs are only for reporting purposes. These parameters are highlighted in Figure 7.
Figure 7: Tank Parameters for Reporting Purposes Only
The Tank Type determines which equations are used to calculate the tank volume and tank exposed
area to determine the heat input for the emergency venting calculation. Available values for the Tank
Type are shown in Figure 8. Technical details on the calculation are available in the F1 help.
Figure 8. Tank Type Available Values

The user can select a Stream from the simulation environment to represent the fluid inventory in the
tank. The Safety Environment will use the selected Stream's properties for the following variables: Tank
Vapor Molecular Weight, Relieving Gas Temperature, and Relieving Gas Molecular Weight.
To select t a stream from the simulation environment, check the Use Stream box, shown in Figure 9.
Figure 9: Use Simulation Stream to Represent Tank Fluid

Then, a dialog box will appear. In the dialog box, select the stream from the simulation environment that
best represents the fluid in the tank. For the user that is following along with the example file, select
stream FeedStream. Then click the OK button. The steps are highlighted in Figure 10.
Figure 10: Select Reference Stream Dialog Box
Figure 11: Example of Completed Storage Tank Set Up

Tank Design Inputs
This section details the tank-specific parameters necessary for the normal and emergency calculations.
Figure 12 shows sample values for each parameter. Each parameter is then described in detail beneath
the figure.
Figure 12: Tank Design Sample Inputs

(1) Barometric Pressure: This value is used to adjust gauge pressures in this tank system only.
(2) Design Pressure: Maximum pressure that the tank wall and structure can handle.
(3) Operating Pressure: Pressure during the normal operation of the tank. This value must be less
than the design pressure of the tank and the set pressure of protecting devices.
(4) Diameter: Diameter of the tank
(5) Height: Height of the tank
(6) Max. Operating Temperature: Maximum possible temperature during the normal operation of
the tank. This value is used to determine the inbreathing/outbreathing flow relationship used
and Thermal C-factor for Normal Venting calculations. This value must be less than the design
temperature of the tank.
(7) Latitude: Select the latitude of the system, which is used to determine the Y-factor in the
thermal inbreathing/outbreathing in the Normal Venting calculations
(8) Vapor Pressure: Select the type of vapor pressure, which is used to calculate the C-factor for the
thermal inbreathing/outbreathing in the Normal Venting calculations.
(9) Evaporation Rate: Evaporation rate of products in the tank. For products stored above 40C
with vapor pressure of less than 5 kPa, the evaporation rate is added to the outbreathing term.
Use zero when the maximum operating temperature is less than 40C (104F).
Insulation Details
This section describes how to take credit for insulation on the tank (if needed). If no insulation is
present, then Insulation Area Fraction is 0 and all other parameters are deactivated. Figure 13 shows
sample values for each parameter. Each parameter is then described in detail beneath the figure.
Figure 13: Insulation Sample Inputs

(1) In the Uncontained Area Fraction field, type a real value between 0 and 1. The default value is
1. This value tankes into account the reduced heat transfer to the environment for double wall
tanks. The value is calculated as the ratio of the tank surface area not inside of the
containment tank to the total tank surface area. Note that this parameter is available after
installation of v8.6 Cumulative Patch 1.
(2) In the Insulation Area Fraction field, type a real value between 0 and 1. The default value is 0.
This value is calculated as the ratio of the insulated surface area of the tank to the total tank
surface area (including the shell and the roof of the tank). Use 1 for fully insulated tanks, 0 for
non-insulated tanks, and 0 < Ainsulated / Atotal < 1 for partially insulated tanks.
(3) In the Insulation Thickness field, type the wall thickness of the insulation layer.
(4) In the Thermal Conductivity (Normal) field, type the value of the Thermal Conductivity, , of
the insulation material at operating temperature conditions. This value is used in the Normal
Venting calculations to get the thermal breathing insulation reduction factor.
(5) In the Thermal Conductivity (Fire) field, type the value of the Thermal Conductivity, , of the
insulation material at fire temperature conditions (538 C or 1000 F). This value is used in the
Emergency Venting calculations to obtain the environmental (F) factor.
Normal Venting Tab

This section describes how to calculate the normal venting requirements (inbreathing and
outbreathing).
Initial Set Up
Click on the Normal Venting tab shown in Figure 14 in the example file.
Figure 14: Normal Venting Tab

There are instances where normal venting calculations are not applicable (for floating roof tanks, for
example). The user can disable the normal venting calculations for a tank by unchecking the Calculate
Normal Venting Size check box. For the purposes of this example, the box will remain checked (see
Figure 15).
Figure 15: Disable Normal Venting Calculations

The Normal Breathing Device Name and Breathing Device Type highlighted in Figure 16 are for
documentation purposes only.
Figure 16: Normal Venting Parameters for Reporting Purposes Only
Normal Venting Inputs

In order to continue the inbreathing and outbreathing calculations, the user must specify the PRDspecific calculaton parameters. Figure 17 shows sample values for each parameter. Each parameter is
then described in detail beneath the figure.
Figure 17: Normal Venting Sample Inputs

(1) API 2000 Edition: Select the API 2000 edition (upon which the inbreathing and outbreathing
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
calculations will be based). User can select the 6th edition, 7th edition, or the 7th edition Annex A
(which is the same as the 5th edition).
Set Pressure: Type a real value between 0 and 15 psig. This is the pressure at the inlet of the
device, at which the relief device starts opening under service conditions.
Vacuum Set Pressure: Type a real value between 0 and 15 psig that is less than the tank's
Operating Pressure. This value is the pressure at the inlet of the relieving device protecting for
vacuum conditions.
Maximum Liquid Inflow: Maximum volumetric tank-filling rate; used to determine the outbreathing flow.
Maximum Liquid Outflow: Maximum volumetric tank discharging rate; used to determine the
inbreathing flow.
Tank Vapor Molecular Weight: Molecular weight of vapor above the liquid content of the tank.
The default value is 28.8.
Normal Venting Results

After you type values for the basic information and the Normal Venting Inputs, calculated values for
Inbreathing and Outbreathing appear for the parameter shown in Figure 18. Each parameter is then
described in detail beneath the figure.
10
Figure 18: Normal Venting Sample Results

(1) Liquid Movement: The total Inbreathing/Out-breathing volumetric flow, expressed as flow of air
(Nm3/h Normal conditions at 0C/32F or SCFH standard conditions at 15.6C/60F.
(2) Thermal: Normal inbreathing originating from a maximum decrease in the vapor-space
temperature leading to contraction or condensation of vapors. Normal out-breathing originating

from a maximum increase in the vapor-space temperature leading to contraction or
condensation of vapors.
(3) Total: Sum of thermal and liquid transfer effects.
(4) Preliminary Device Area: The preliminary area required for the calculated volumetric
Inbreathing and Outbreathing relief load.
(5) Preliminary Calculated Size: The preliminary orifice diameter required for the calculated
volumetric Inbreathing and Outbreathing relief load.
Emergency Venting Tab

This section describes how to calculate the emergency fire venting requirement.
Initial Set Up
Click on the Normal Venting tab shown in Figure 19 in the example file. Emergency Device Name and
Emergency Device Type, highlighted in Figure 19, are for documentation purposes only.
11
Figure 19: Emergency Venting Tab

There are instances where emergency venting calculations are not applicable (no flammable inventory
within tank farm, for example). The user can disable the emergency venting calculations for a tank by
unchecking the Calculate Emergency Venting Size check box. For the purposes of this example, the box
will remain checked (see Figure 20).
Figure 20: Disabling Emergency Venting Calculations

Emergency Venting Inputs
In order to continue the emergency venting calculations, the user must specify the PRD-specific
calculation parameters. Figure 17 shows sample values for each parameter. Each parameter is then
described in detail beneath the figure.
12
Figure 21: Emergency Venting Inputs

Notes:
Wetted area calculations are in accordance with API 2000 rules and may differ from API 521.
Standard flame height is different for the two API standards.
The design pressure (that is, higher or lower than 1 psig) heavily affects the wetted area
calculation for larger tanks.
(1) Set Pressure: Pressure at which the relieving device starts to open upon service conditions. Type
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
a real value between 0 and 15 psig.

Bottom Tan Above Grade: The vertical distance to the vessel from the nearest surface which
could contain a pool of flammable liquid
Flame Height From Grade: Maximum height the flame would reach around the exterior of the
tank. The default value is 30 ft.
Calculate Environmental (F) Factor: Select Yes or No from the drop-down list. The default
value is No. If you select Yes, the Environmental (F) Factor is calculated using the fire
insulation properties from the Tank Design tab and API 2000. If you select No, you must
manually type the Environmental (F) Factor.
Environmental (F) Factor: The factor used to account for tank protection reducing the fire relief
rate, such as insulation or fireproofing equipment. Type a real value between 0 and 1. The
default value is 1. Use 0 for total protection and 1 for no protection.
Relieving Gas Temperature: Temperature of the vapor leaving the tank at the inlet of the
relieving device. This temperature is usually assumed to be the boiling temperature of the liquid
stored in the tank.
Relieving Gas Molecular Weight: Molecular weight of relieving vapor that vaporizes from the
stored liquid.
Fluid Latent Heat: The latent heat of vaporization of the stored liquid at relieving conditions.
The default value is 27.7 kcal/kg (or 50 Btu/lb).
13
Emergency Venting Results

After you type values for the basic information and the Emergency Venting Inputs, calculated results
appear as shown in Figure 22.
Figure 22: Emergency Venting Results

(1) Calculated Exposed Area: Wetted Exposed Area of the tank. This is the area of the portion tank
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
which is in contact with both the flame and the liquid contact. Calculated as a percentage of the
total surface area and/or area below the maximum flame height.
Calculated Heat Input: Heat Input from exposure to fire. Calculated from a range of formulae
that depend on the Design Pressure and Exposed Area.
Calculated Relieving Flow: Venting requirement. This is the total flow that the relieving device is
required to vent off the tank to ensure complete protection.
Preliminary Device Area: The preliminary area required for the calculated volumetric relief load.
Preliminary Calculated Size: The preliminary orifice diameter required for the calculated
volumetric Outbreathing relief load.
Conclusions
API 521 recommends that all vessels under 25 ft. in elevation be protected for the fire overpressure
scenario. Depending on the protected system, varying levels of rigor may be required in determining
the required relieving load. The Safety Environment in Aspen HYSYS and Aspen Plus now provides
rigorous determination of the required fire relief load. Users can quickly and easily size relief devices for
the fire overpressure scenario.
References
1. American Petroleum Inst., Venting Atmospheric and Low-pressure Storage Tanks, ANSI/API Std
2000, 6th Ed., November 2009
Additional Resources
14
Public Website:
http://www.aspentech.com/products/aspen-HYSYS.aspx
Online Training:
http://www.aspentech.com/products/aspen-online-training
AspenTech YouTube Channel:
http://www.youtube.com/user/aspentechnologyinc
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Jump Start: Storage Tank Protection in Aspen HYSYS and Aspen Plus

A Brief Tutorial (and supplement to training and online documentation)

Jump Start: Pressure Relief Valve Sizing in Aspen HYSYS

Adding a Storage Tank

Figure 1: Open Tank Manager from Ribbon

Figure 2: Open Tank Manager from Navigation Pane

Figure 3: Add a Storage Tank on the Tank Manager Tab

Figure 4: Open a Storage Tank Form

Figure 5: Adding a Storage Tank from Navigation Pane

Figure 6: Tank Design tab

Tank Design Tab

Figure 7: Tank Parameters for Reporting Purposes Only

Figure 8. Tank Type Available Values

Figure 9: Use Simulation Stream to Represent Tank Fluid

Figure 10: Select Reference Stream Dialog Box

Figure 11: Example of Completed Storage Tank Set Up

Figure 12: Tank Design Sample Inputs

Figure 13: Insulation Sample Inputs

Normal Venting Tab

Figure 14: Normal Venting Tab

Figure 15: Disable Normal Venting Calculations

Figure 16: Normal Venting Parameters for Reporting Purposes Only

Normal Venting Inputs

Figure 17: Normal Venting Sample Inputs

Normal Venting Results

Figure 18: Normal Venting Sample Results

(Nm3/h Normal conditions at 0C/32F or SCFH standard conditions at 15.6C/60F.

temperature leading to contraction or condensation of vapors. Normal out-breathing originating

Emergency Venting Tab

Figure 19: Emergency Venting Tab

Figure 20: Disabling Emergency Venting Calculations

Figure 21: Emergency Venting Inputs

a real value between 0 and 15 psig.

Emergency Venting Results

Figure 22: Emergency Venting Results

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