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or butter.
THEORY:
Starchy matter can be dectected with iodine. Iodine forms a blue coloured complex with
starch. Vanaspati ghee gives pink colour with furfural.
APPARATUS : Test tubes, test-tube stand, test tube holder.
CHEMICALS : Iodine or tincture of iodine solution, hydrochloric acid, sugar, given sample
of ghee or butter.
PROCEDURE:
(a) Detection of starchy matter. Take about 0.5 g of the given ghee or butter in a test-tube.
Add about one mL of water to it and boil. Cool and add a drop of iodine or tincture of iodine
solution. Appearance of blue colour indicates presence of starchy matter in the sample.
(b) Detection ofvanaspati. Take about 0.5 g of the given sample of ghee or butter in a test
tube. Heat the tube gently so that the ghee melts and add a little sugar and hydrochloric acid
to it. Shake the contents for five minutes. Presence of pink colour in the aqueous layer is
indication of vanaspati ghee in the sample.
Comment: Better results can be obtained by using 2% alcoholic solution of furfural in place
of sugar.
Add to it about 4 mL of light petroleum. Shake the tube to get a clear solution. Now cool the
tube in a ice and salt bath. If the mixture becomes turbid then castor oil must be present in
the given sample of vegetable oil.
Note : (z) Oils catchs fire easily so take care while heating them. Better hold the test-tube
with a test tube holder while heating, (ii) Petroleum is inflammable. So extinguish all flame
while working with it.
To find out whether the given sample of turmeric powder is pure or not.
THEORY : Yellow chalk powder, a common adulterant of the turmeric powder gives
effervescence with dil. hydrochloric acid.
APPARATUS : Test tubes and test tube stand.
CHEMICALS : Dilute hydrochloric acid and water.
PROCEDURE:
(a) Take about 0.5 g of the powdered sample in a test-tube. Add to it about one ml of dil.
hydrochloric acid. Effervescence indicates the presence of chalk powder in the sample.
(b) Dilute the contents of the tube with 25-30 mL of water. Disappearance of the violet colour formed
previously indicates the purity of turmeric powder. But if violet colour first formed with dil. HC1 persist's,
then it is contaminated with yellow dye.
Types of food
Common Adulterant
How to detect
2. Mustard oil
Argemone oil.
3. Sugar
4. Salt
Chalk powder.
6. Pepper
7. Turmeric powder
8. Tea
9. Rice
Khesari dal.