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VEGF/OTHER
FACTORS
EXPRESSION
VEGF
Endothelial cell
Macrophage
Monocyte
Tumor cell
BLOOD VESSEL
LUMEN
VEGFR-2
Pericyte
TUMOR
GROWTH
3
1. Adapted from Carmeliet. Nature. 2011; 473:298307.
VEGF/OTHER
FACTORS
EXPRESSION
VEGF
Endothelial cell
Macrophage
Monocyte
Tumor cell
BLOOD VESSEL
LUMEN
VEGFR-2
Pericyte
TUMOR
GROWTH
4
1. Adapted from Carmeliet. Nature. 2011; 473:298307.
Proteolytic processing:
Plasminogen, Prolactin,
Procollagen XVIII, MMP-2
Troponin
Thrombospondin
Angiostatin*
PEX
Proteolysis of ECM:
MMPs, tPA, UPA,
PAI,TIMPs
Integrins mediate
ECM interactions
High
dose
Low
dose
TNF
Recruitment
of monocytes
and leukocytes
by chemokines
promotes
inflammation
CXC-chemokines
(eg, IP-10, PF4)
BLOOD
VESSEL
LUMEN
Data is equivocal for the role of these factors: *Endostatin, 16 KDa prolactin.
**Ang-3, Ang-4. ? Binding partner for troponin on endothelial cells is unknown.
VEGF es una familia formada por mltiples factores, inducidos por el propio tumor,
que promueven la angiognesis y linfangiognesis
Familia VEGF
PlGF
VEGF-B
NP1/2
VEGF-A
VEGF-C
VEGF-D
NP1/2
VEGFR-1
Funciones
vasculares y no
vasculares
NP1/2
VEGFR-2
Angiognesis
Permeabilidad
vascular
VEGFR-3
Angiognesis
Linfangiognesis
VEGF-B
NP1/2
VEGF-A
VEGF-C
VEGF-D
NP1/2
VEGFR-1
NP1/2
VEGFR-2
VEGFR-3
VEGF-A
VEGF-B
PlGF
1. Lohela et al. Current Opinion in Cell Biology 2009, 21:154165; 2. Autiero et al. Nature Medicine 2003; 9 (7): 936-943; 3.Zhang et al. PNAS 2009; 106 (15): 61526157c; 4. Yihao Cao et al. Science Signaling 2009, 2
(59):1-11; 5. Kanda et al. Journal of Surgical Oncology 2008; 98: 190196
Bevacizumab
Sutinib
Sorafenib, etc..
VEGF-A
PlGF
Produccin elevada
VEGF-B
Mecanismos compensatorios
de resistencia al tratamiento
Crecimiento tumoral
independiente de VEGF-A
CANCER
Colorrectal
FACTOR SOBREXPRESADO
ESTUDIO
Kopetz, J Clin Oncol. 2010
28 (3): 453-459
Bevacizumab
Sutinib
Sorafenib, etc..
VEGF-A
PlGF
Produccin elevada
VEGF-B
Mecanismos compensatorios
de resistencia al tratamiento
Crecimiento tumoral
independiente de VEGF-A
Aflibercept: Diseado especficamente para obtener una alta afinidad por VEGF-A y bloquear
los factores VEGF-A, VEGF-B y PlGF
Aflibercept no es un anticuerpo monoclonal. Es una
protena de fusin recombinante humana
Diseada especialmente para capturar e inhibir
mltiples factores angiognicos
Es la combinacin de una inmunoglobulina humana
con los dominios de mayor afinidad de receptores
VEGFR-1 y 2
VEGFR-1 VEGFR-2
Fc Portion of IgG
aflibercept
1. Holash. Proc Natl Acad Sci. USA. 2002;99:1139311398. 2. Presta. Cancer Res. 1997. 3. Papadopoulos. Angiogenesis. 2012. 4. Rudge. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2007.
5. Meyer. Blood (ASH Annual Meeting Abstracts). 2010;116: Abstract 3200. 6. Meyer. J Thromb Haemost. 2009.
11
2000
1500
VEGF
41 kDa
1000
500
0
Concentracin [g/mL]
1000
2500
100
10
1
0.1
0.01
10
12
14
16
18
12
16
Days
20
24
28
3.0 mg/kg IV
2.0 mg/kg IV
1.0 mg/kg IV
0.3 mg/kg IV
PRECLINICAL EVALUATION
WITH CHEMOTHERAPY PARTNER
ACTIVITY
5-Fluorouracil
Synergistic
Irinotecan
Synergistic
S-1
Synergistic
Cisplatin
Synergistic
Docetaxel
Highly active
Gemcitabine
Oxaliplatin
Active
Synergistic
1. Chiron. AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics. Oct 22-26, 2007; San Francisco, CA. Abstract A13. 2. Lejeune. AACR. 2008 Annual
Meeting. Apr 2008: abstract 1107.
PRIMARY ENDPOINT:
OS
SECONDARY ENDPOINTS:
ORR, PFS, safety, PK
N (%)
ITT population
Randomized not treated
Evaluable population*
Safety population
600 pts
Aflibercept 4 mg/kg IV
+ FOLFIRI q 2 weeks
1:1
600 pts
Placebo + FOLFIRI
q 2 weeks
DISEASE
PROGRESSION
DEATH
PLACEBO/FOLFIRI
AFLIBERCEPT/FOLFIRI
614 (100)
612 (100)
5 (0.8)
5 (0.8)
530 (86.3)
531 (86.8)
605
611
*Response rate analysis excluded patients with only non target lesion as well as those patients who did not consent to third-party review.
Van Cutsem et al, JCO 2012 Vol 30 (28): 3499-3506.
PLACEBO (N=530)
AFLIBERCEPT (N=531)
0.4
Partial response
10.8
19.8
Stable disease
64.9
65.9
Progressive disease
21.5
10.4
2.5
4.0
11.1
19.8
8.513.8
16.423.2
Not evaluable
OVERALL RESPONSE RATE
CR or PR
95% CI
P-value**
0.0001
*Evaluable population: Patients with measurable target lesions that have agreed for third party review.
**Stratified, Cochran Mantel test.
Van Cutsem, et al. Ann Oncol. 2011;22(suppl 5). Abstract O-0024 and presentation at: ESMO 13th WCGIC. June 22-25, 2011; Barcelona, Spain.
1.0
0.9
KAPLAN-MEIER
ESTIMATE
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
TIME
(months)
0.2
NUMBER
AT RISK
0.1
0.0
0
12
15
18
614
612
355
420
171
247
94
99
46
43
24
17
9
7
21
Van Cutsem, et al. Ann Oncol. 2011;22(suppl 5). Abstract O-0024 and presentation at: ESMO 13th WCGIC. June 22-25, 2011; Barcelona, Spain.
24
27
30
1.0
0.9
0.8
KAPLAN-MEIER
ESTIMATE
0.7
5.8%
0.6
0.5
7.6%
0.4
9.3%
0.3
10.3%
1.4 m
0.2
TIME
(months)
0.1
NUMBER
AT RISK
SURVIVAL
PROBABILITY
0.0
12
15
18
21
24
27
30
614
612
573
566
485
498
401
416
286
311
193
216
131
148
87
104
51
75
31
49
14
33
79.1%
81.9%
50.3%
56.1%
11.5%
30.9%
38.5%
18.7%
28.0%
12.0%
22.3%
24.6%
49.7%
85.8%
Van Cutsem, et al. Ann Oncol. 2011;22(suppl 5). Abstract O-0024 and presentation at: ESMO 13th WCGIC. June 22-25, 2011; Barcelona, Spain.
33
36
39
13,8
13
1.9 meses
HR 0.78 (0,68 a 0,90)
12
11,9
11
(12,68 a 15,49]
(10,88 a 13,01)
10
Aflibercept + FOLFIRI
(n=552)
FOLFIRI
(n=550)
Progression-free
survival
Overall survival
El test de interaccin demostr que no hay diferencias entre los brazos de tratamiento, si haban recibido o no tratamiento previo
con bevacizumab (P = 0.567 para SG & P=0.196 para PFS)
El beneficio en SG & PFS es consistente e independiente de tratamiento previo o no con bevacizumab
Tabernero, et al. Eur J Cancer. 2011;47(2) Abstract 6LBA and presentation at: ESMO 2011 EMCC September 2327, 2011; Stockholm, Sweden.
Median OS (months)
14,0
: 0,8 mo
: 2,1 mo
13,8
13,6
13,2
12,8
12,4
12,5
mOS prior bevacizumab, excluding
adjuvant only (aflibercept arm)
12,0
11,6
11,7
11,2
N= 187
N= 179
N= 186
Patients pre-treated
with bevacizumab
N= 177
20
11,7
Placebo/FOLFIRI
(N=550)
ZALTRAP/FOLFIRI
(N=552)
179 (32,5%)
177 (32.1%)
2.1 meses
375 (67,9%)
1.3 meses
PLACEBO (N=605)
AFLIBERCEPT (N=611)
Todos
Grado 3
Grado 4
Todos
Grado 3
Grado 4
91.1
56.5
3.5
7.6
0.8
0.2
82.3
69.2
3.3
19.0
0.5
0.3
56.3
3.0
50.2
34.9
19.1
1.7
10.4
5.0
10.4
1.2
0.2
0.0
67.8
6.5
60.4
54.8
23.1
4.4
16.0
13.6
13.6
1.3
0.8
0.2
33.8
32.7
23.8
14.4
4.3
0.8
6.1
1.7
0.8
0.5
0.8
0.8
0.2
0.0
0.0
47.4
46.2
31.9
31.9
11.0
1.7
11.0
3.4
2.6
2.8
1.7
1.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
*Excluyendo eventos de clase anti VEGF. *TP: trmino preferido; SOC: sistema rgano clase; TAN: trmino de alto nivel;
Agrupacin de TPs seleccionados. De laboratorio.
Van Cutsem, et al. Ann Oncol. 2011;22(suppl 5). Abstract O-0024 and presentation at: ESMO 13th WCGIC June 22-25, 2011; Barcelona, Spain.
19.0
1.7
37.8
2.8
0.2
Epistaxis
7.4
27.7
0.2
Origen GI
5.1
1.0
10.0
1.8
0.2
Disfona (TP)
3.3
25.4
0.5
Cefalea (TP)
8.8
0.3
22.3
1.6
7.3
2.6
3.6
9.3
3.1
4.7
3.5
3.5
4.6
4.6
1.5
0.5
2.6
0.8
1.0
1.0
0.2
1.5
0.3
0.5
0.3
0.2
1.1
0.3
Curacin de heridas
0.8
0.5
0.3
Perforacin GI
0.5
0.2
0.2
0.5
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.3
Disfuncin cardaca
0.3
0.2
Osteonecrosis
0.3
40.7
1.2
62.2
7.5
0.3
Embolismo pulmonar
Evento tromboemblico arterial
Alteraciones cardiacas
Anomalas de laboratorio
Proteinuria
La seguridad de aflibercept fue predecible para un agente antiangiognico, sin toxicidades no esperadas.
incremento de hipertensin grado 3-4. El 62% de estos pacientes (HTA >G3) tenan historia previa de HTA.
Incremento de la proteinuria (parmetro analtico)
Van Cutsem, et al. Ann Oncol. 2011;22(suppl 5). Abstract O-0024 and presentation at: ESMO 13th WCGIC June 22-25, 2011; Barcelona, Spain.
23
1. Sanofi data on file. 2. Van Cutsem. Ann Oncol. 2011;22(suppl 5): Abstract O-0024. 3. Giantonio. J Clin Oncol. 2007. 4. Van Cutsem. NEJM.
2009. 5. Sobrero. J Clin Oncol. 2008.
BIOLOGIC
Zaltrap
(aflibercept)
Erbitux
(cetuximab)
Vectibix
(panitumumab)
VELOUR1
EPIC2
1813
STUDY
FOLFIRI +
Zaltrap
FOLFIRI +
placebo
Irinotecan +
Erbitux
Irinotecan
FOLFIRI +
Vectibix
FOLFIRI
612
614
648
650
303
294
PRIOR BEV*
27.6%
28.8%
13.0%
12.6%
18.0%
20.0%
MEDIAN OS (mos)
13.50
12.06
10.70
10.00
14.5
12.6
6.90
4.67
4.00
2.60
5.90
3.90
TREATMENT ARMS
NO. PATIENTS
COMMENTS
Improved OS
Avastin
(bevacizumab)
No evidence in
combination with FOLFIRI
*PRIOR BEV indicates the proportion of patients who received a previous bevacizumab-containing regimen.
Note: Indirect comparison of major trialsas with any indirect comparison differences exist in study designs & study populations.
Avastin demonstrated OS benefit (12.9 vs. 10.8 months, P=0.0011) in Avastin-nave patients in the second-line mCRC E3200 trial in combination
with FOLFOX.4
Anti-angiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitors, including, cediranib (HORIZON II study) and vatalanib (CONFIRM II study) have failed to show an OS
benefit in combination with chemotherapy in second-line mCRC.5,6
1. Van Cutsem, et al. Ann Oncol. 2011;22(suppl 5). Abstract O-0024 and presentation at: ESMO 13th WCGIC. June 22-25, 2011; Barcelona, Spain. 2. Sobrero et al. J Clin Oncol. 2008. 3. Peeters et al. J Clin Oncol. 2010. 4. Giantonio, et al. J Clin
Oncol. 2007. 5. Hoff. ESMO 2010. Abstract LBA19. 6. Van Cutsem. J Clin Oncol. 2012
Guas
teraputicas
NCCN 2.2013
NICE 2011
SEOM 2011
Recomendacin
tratamiento
quimioterpico
Se recomienda
cambiar al agente
diferente del de la
primera lnea, a no
ser que se haya
parado la primera
lnea por estrategia
de tratamiento
intermitente
BSC
1L
PD1
FOLFIRI aflibercept
2L
PD2
KRAS wild-type
EGFR inhibitor
chemotherapy
KRAS mutant
Regorafenib
3L
PD3
Regorafenib
BSC
4L
PD4
BSC
1. Grothey A, Sargent D, Goldberg RM, et al: Survival of patients with advanced
colorectal cancer improves with the availability of fluorouracil, leucovorin, irinotecan,
and oxaliplatin in the course of treatment. J Clin Oncol 22:1209-1214, 2004
5L
Other options
Conclusiones
Aflibercept + FOLFIRI es una nueva opcin teraputica como segunda lnea de CCRm
tras oxaliplatino.
BACKUP
Veour Trial
Response rates ITT population according to prior exposure to
bevacizumab
Arms
VELOUR
EPIC (*)
CONSORT
(*)
(*)
OS at 12
mo (%)
FOLFIRI
50.3
FOLFIRI afli
56.1
Irinotecan
28.9
Iri cetux
30.7
FOLFIRI
49.7
FOLFIRI
panitumumab
55.4
5.8
1.8
NNT
17.2
55.5
OS at 24
mo (%
18.7
28
3.4
3.1
NNT
9.3
10.8
0.3
333
0.8
125
NNT
1.3
76.9
8.8
5.7
17.5
9.6
TML (**)
Arms
OS at 12
mo (%)
CT
39.5
CT Bev
46.0
6.5
NNT
15.4
OS at 24
mo (%
5.8
7.1
(**) El estudio TML incluye todo tipo de QT como 2L; (slo 16% con FOLFIRI: 64 pacientes))
BSC
1L
cetuximab or bevacizumab
PD1
FOLFIRI aflibercept
2L
PD2
KRAS wild-type
EGFR inhibitor
chemotherapy
KRAS mutant
Regorafenib
3L
PD3
Regorafenib
BSC
4L
PD4
BSC
5L
Aflibercept Characteristics
AFLIBERCEPT
Human amino acid sequences1
MW ~115,000 Da2
Kon = 4 10 Ms (~100 faster on rate*) for VEGF-A1653
Kd = 0.5 pM for VEGF-A165 and ~110 pM for other VEGF-A isoforms1,3,4
Binds all human VEGF-A isoforms1,3,5
Binds VEGF-B (Kd = 1.92 pM) and PlGF (Kd = ~39 pM)1,3-5,7
Binds VEGF with 1:1 binding without related immune complex formation2,6
Half-life of free aflibercept in humans is 6 days7
Half-life of aflibercept:VEGF complex in humans ~18 days7
*Approximately 100 times faster on rate for VEGF-A165 compared to bevacizumab.
1. Holash. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2002;99:1139311398. 2. Rudge. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2007;104:1836318370. 3. Papadopoulos. Angiogenesis. 2012. [Epub ahead of print]. 4. Riely. Clin
Cancer Res. 2007;13(15 Suppl):4623s4627s. 5. Cursiefen. J Clin Invest. 2004;113:10441050. 6. Meyer. Blood. 2010;116:Abstract 3200. 7. Tew. Clin Cancer Res. 2010;16:358366.
Aflibercept appeared to be active in inhibiting tumor growth following previous antiangiogenic therapy in a murine AML xenograft model2
Aflibercept inhibited tumor growth in a Ewings sarcoma model expressing high levels of
PlGF3
Treatment with aflibercept resulted in immediate and profound vascular remodeling effects8-
11
1. Regeneron data on file. 2. Lal. Mol Cancer Ther. 2010;9:27372751. 3. Dalal. Clin Cancer Res. 2005. 4. Verheul. Clin Cancer Res. 2007;13:42014208. 5. sanofi-aventis data on file. 6. Chiron, AACR NCI EORTC
2007. Abstract A13. 7. Lejeune. AACR Annual Meeting, 2008. Abstract 1107. 8. Inai. Am J Pathol. 2004;165:3552. 9. McDonald. Chest. 2005;128:s602s608. 10. Huang. Mol Cancer Ther. 2004;3:3353343.
11. Byrne. Clin Cancer Res. 2003;9:57215728. 12. Meyer. Blood (ASH Annual Meeting Abstracts). 2010;116: abstract 3200.
1.0
0.9
0.8
KAPLAN-MEIER
ESTIMATE
0.7
5.8%
0.6
0.5
7.6%
0.4
9.3%
0.3
10.3%
0.2
TIME
(months)
0.1
NUMBER
AT RISK
SURVIVAL
PROBABILITY
0.0
12
15
18
21
24
27
30
614
612
573
566
485
498
401
416
286
311
193
216
131
148
87
104
51
75
31
49
14
33
79.1%
81.9%
50.3%
56.1%
11.5%
30.9%
38.5%
18.7%
28.0%
12.0%
22.3%
24.6%
49.7%
85.8%
Van Cutsem, et al. Ann Oncol. 2011;22(suppl 5). Abstract O-0024 and presentation at: ESMO 13th WCGIC. June 22-25, 2011; Barcelona, Spain.
33
36
39