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Mi-24/35 HELICOPTER CREW FULL

FLIGHT & FULL MISSION SIMULATOR

Purpose of simulator
Simulator is intended for teaching and training on land the crews of helicopters type
i-24/35 (modifications of the "B", "P" and upgraded in Ukraine State Enterprise
"Konotopskiy Aircraft Repair Plant "AVIAKON"), which composed of the pilot (crew
commander) and the operator to operate in a full stroke of their duties on piloting,
navigation, operation with airborne systems and helicopter's equipment, communicative
activity, to effective interacting, including at failures of various airborne systems and in
special cases according to the Manual on flight operation of helicopter type i-24/35, for
the purpose of formation at them the resistant skills of control by helicopter and its
armament in various conditions.
General characteristics of the simulator corresponds to the demands to full flight
simulators (FFS) of qualifying level B (according to standard EASA CS-FSTD (H)).
Simulator ensures training not only flight and navigating missions (according to the
Manual on flight operation), but also realization of trainings on performance of operational
tasks (according to the Course of combat training and the Manual on battle application of
aviation ammunition). simulator can be reckon in class FFS & FMS Simulator
architecture ensures capability of its operative modernization while in service (according to
customer demands), and also capability of its integration with other simulators (in common
virtual battle space and time according to standard IEEE 1516.3).
Simulator can be used during combat training of helicopter's sub-units and also in
educational process of military educational institutions at training missions, associated with
piloting and battle application of helicopters type i-24/35 in various conditions.

Components and Structure of Simulator

Variant of simulator placement in building of hangar type

Imitator of crew cockpit of helicopter


The internal sizes, composition and dislocation of crewmember seats, handles and pedals control
of helicopter, imitators of avionics devices and the equipment in imitator of crew cockpit of
helicopter are completely meet to the crew cockpit of the real helicopter type i-24/35. Imitator of
crew cockpit of helicopter also has the additional equipment.

The additional equipment:


the button of emergency switching-off the electric power of simulator and turning on the
emergency illumination in crew cockpit and indoors the simulator;
dome lights of emergency illumination (inside and over an exit from the crew cockpit);
video cameras for observation over operations of crewman in the crew cockpit;
dynamic loudspeakers of acoustical stereosystem;
position sensors of tie-rods of control channels;
onboard computer's network

Motion system
Motion system of the Imitator of crew cockpit is intended for imitation the acceleration
effects which affect to crewmen of the real helicopter during traffic by the ground and in air, at
various flight conditions including the use of aviation weapons,, and also at different ways of
landing, at collisions of the helicopter with local objects, hits in the simulated helicopter from the
various ammunition.
Type of actuating mechanisms - electromechanical; control system type - frequency on
speed and position.
Below showed photo of motion system with crew cockpit of helicopter type Mi-8 (Mi-17, Mi-171)

Main dynamic characteristics of motion system


No

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

Characteristic name

Displacement along
longitudinal axis
Displacement along transverse
axis
Vertical displacement
Roll
Pitch
Yaw
Range of vibration frequency,
Hz
Amplitude of vibration, mm

Linear shifts
and angles of
slope,
rotations,
not less

Linear and
Linear and
angular
angular speeds
accelerations
of moving,
, not less
not less

0,94

1,2 /

5,0 /

0,98

1,0 /

3,50 /

0,70
24
23
34

0,68) /
12 (24 ) /
14 (28 ) /
17 (34 ) /
0-10

4,0 /
140/c
120/c
140/c

up to 3,5

Visualization system of out-of-cockpit space


In simulator used the stationary two-levelled projection system for visualization of out-ofcockpit space (VOCS) which ensure a capability of piloting and navigation at realisation of
trainings according to Rules of visual flights, and also carrying out of visual observation
and survey of the targets, imitating shooting taking into account meteorological
conditions, range and type of land and air targets, smokes, fires and etc. .
Composition of VOCS
1

The self-supported spherical shield (glass-fibre, stationary), piece

Wide-angle projectors on swinging arms, pieces

Metal assembly trusses with a mobile ladder for attachment, 1


service and adjustment of projectors, a complete set

Characteristics of VOCS
-

Resolving power, pixels per 1 channel

1024 768

Frequency of shots change, shot/s

No less 30

Sector of constant projection (horiz x vert), degrees

220 120

Quantity of projectors tiers, piece

-- Hybrid laser and LED projectors have a high light transmission and contrast, are not critical to minor
fluctuations in the design does not require an individual cooling warranty period of the light source is 4 times the
life of traditional bulbs in the most advanced projectors;
- The method used is the adjustment of the projection imaging system provides extremely high in this
configuration, the imaging system image quality, accurate "cross-linking" of images from multiple projectors,
reducing the requirements for server processing power, reducing the requirements for the stability of the
geometric parameters of VOCS as well as the time and cost by setting simulator by providing the Customer the
possibility to independently made alignment of visualization system

Quality of visualization

High quality of visualization of out-of-cockpit space is achieved by:


the use of high-quality multi-channel projection system and display the virtual image;
providing an overview of the space in the terminal area with the possibility of observation of GDP, taxiways, lighting equipment,
buildings, landscape areas;
high level of detail and drawing airspace, aircraft and ground targets, topography, vegetation, buildings and infrastructure;
matching colors and textures of terrain objects true color and contrast;
corresponds to the angular size, shape, terrain features, vegetation, ground and air targets real objects;
software change visibility and lighting conditions, taking into account the geographic latitude, time of day and weather
conditions;
providing opportunities for local change in visibility due to weather conditions (smoke, fog, clouds, etc.);
imitation of terrestrial active means leading a simulated fire on the helicopter, artillery weapons, anti-aircraft and anti-tank guided
missiles;
choice of the type of aircraft weapons are displayed at the head of a workplace training;
imitation hit points (mining) used a trained crew of aircraft weapons

Features geo-referenced 3D models of terrain

Visualization of geo-referenced 3D models of


terrain provided by:
- design of 3D models of geo-referenced sections of
the earth's surface of not less than 200 x 200 km;
- maximum detail selected areas within a radius of 5
km (areas heliports, airports and areas of millitary
polygons ), including textured earth's surface,
distinguishable objects of landshaft (rivers, lakes,
mountains, forests, fields);
- runways, taxiways and landing pads, roads,
buildings, and objects of airport equipment, light
technical equipment airfield.

Instructor operation station


Instructor operation station used for:
-choice the forthcoming flying mission from the available in simulator
geoinformational base of region of accomplishment;
- give the beginning position and condition of virtual subunits of the
parties, and also the scenario of their acts (operational tasks) during
training accomplishment;
- give into flying mission: operational task; battle loading of the helicopter;
course and a flight profile; solo flight or in pair or flight composition (in the
capacity of the leader or a wingman);
- give the weather conditions of the flying mission;
- carry out the functions of the flight director;
- carry out operative change of the current training scenario (nonstandard situations, implementation of failures etc.);
- play up acts of virtual mechanized, tank, rocket, artillery, anti-tank,
antiaircraft and air units of the parties;
- representation of a current helicopter position, and also the general
tactical land and air situation in virtual battle space and on electronic
topographic map;
- conduct with trained helicopter crewmen the two-way communication;
- operative control and control of training with a capability of its stop and
retrace up to the beginning of the given training, the post-flight analysis of
acts of each crewman;
- documenting results of fulfillment of crew flying missions;
- demonstrating of crew actions on all flight stages by reproduction of the
profiles recorded on the simulator during fulfillment of flying missions;
- storage results of trainings of all trainees and realization of their
analysis;
- printing results of training.

Unified table

Keyboard

Optical manipulator

Monitor 19"

Uninterrupted power supply unit

Handset

Laser printer

System unit (processor not lower Pentium


IV 2,6 GHz) with general and specific
software

Servers with general and specific software

Structure of program complex

Simulator Program Complex structure diagram

Capabilities of integration

Simulator software ensures:


Integration of the crew simulator with other
complex simulators of mechanized, tank, rocket,
artillery, anti-tank, antiaircraft and air units in
unified virtual space;
Simultaneous functioning of the simulator with
other complex simulators in the unified simulated
tactical conditions in real time according to their
battle capabilities and the location in battle
formations the mechanized, tank, rocket, artillery,
anti-tank, antiaircraft and air units;
Visualization of virtual battle on the 2D terrain map
and in the 3D virtual battle space;
Application of aviation ammunitions on air targets
and land targets with imitation of visual effects of
their application and with estimation of possible
degree of damage;
Proper response of a technical state and parameters
of flight of the helicopter on application of firing
means of mechanized, tank, rocket, artillery, antitank, antiaircraft and air units.

Adequacy of simulator
Simulator ensure demanded level of adequacy as a result of achievement by its
manufacture the high constructive and functional adequacy both its separate elements
and all product as a whole
Constructive adequacy is attained as a result of:
Full conformity of imitator of crew cockpit with real crew cockpit;
The maximum similitude of front panels of simulators of devices and equipment to view with the real devices;

Functional adequacy is attained as a result of:

Conformity of operation algorithms of devices and units simulators and reaction of operating and
indication devices to control acts of crewmen;

Imitations of the full list of control procedures the necessary at accomplishment by crew of all basic
functions at preparation and during flight;

Ensure the conformity of ranges of moving, efforts and reaction of levers, pedals, switches in the
simulator of the flight compartment to real helicopters controls;

Calculation and visualisation of flight trajectory of the helicopter and other flight vehicles according
to the detailed matematical model of flight of Mi-17V-5 helicopter and aircraft performance characteristics
of other flight vehicles, and also to the meteorological conditions;

Calculation and visualisation of flight trajectories of aviation weapon according to their


characteristics;

Highly realistic imitation of sound effects of activity of helicopter units and aggregates, and also the
atmospheric phenomena and combat sounds

Simulator operating characteristics


No

Name of characteristic

Type of placement

2
3
4
5

Minimum square of placement


Minimum height of placement
Readiness for training after switching on
Duration of a continuous work
Electric power:
voltage
frequency
Maximum consumed power
Average consumed power

6
7
8
9

Increased and utmost working temperature

Unit of
measure
---

m2
m
min
hour
V
Hz
kW
kW

Data value
Room on the ground floors of capital buildings or in building
of hangar type
150
8
Not less 15
Not less 12
22010%
501
35
11
Up to +35

10
11
12
13

Reduced working temperature


Relative humidity at +25 temperature
Diagnostic system
Control of switch on and switch off
Spare and repair parts

14

Maintenance

---

Up to +5
Up to 80
Build in semiautomatic
From instructor working place
Individual
Check, Daily Maintenance, Maintenance No1 (once in 6
months), Maintenance No2 (once a year)

15

Operational liquids

---

Mineral oil in driver-reducers of motion platform

16

Electrical safety of trainees and maintenance staff

---

17
18

Accounting of simulator operating time


Mass of assembled simulator

kg

Exclusion of dangerous voltage in the crew compartment


simulator (DC voltage +24 is used). Protection against short
circuit .
program counter of motor-hours
3680

19

Maintenance documentation

---

Form, Operation manual, Assembly and adjustment manual,


List of Spare parts.

%
-------

Reliability of Simulator
Simulator's reliability is based on following principles:

Application in manufacture of the reliable accessories


checked up by in-service experience, incoming control
conducting,

Working out of the program solutions expelling conflicts of


the special software with general software, and also with
hardware,

Repeated check of the developed design solutions ,


Application of the design solutions ensured a long-period
operation of mechanical units,

By operations and a stage-by-stage quality control of


mechanical and electrical assemblage of simulators,
Application in designs of simulator units only contactless
sensors of turn angles and displacement (based on Hall
microcircuits sensors),
Application of protection equipment for printed-circuit boards
of electronic devices and contacts of connectors from
environment effect,

Use of computers in the industrial (protected) modification,


Application of uninterrupted power supply units for
computers,

Support of necessary thermal operational conditions for


simulator equipment,

Ensure the reserves on power of power sources.

The warranty and service life


The warranty period of simulator
service life makes 2 years in case of
compliance to service regulations and
conducting the maintenance according to
the operational documentation.
Trainer service life makes not less than
10 years in case of compliance to service
regulations
and
conducting
the
maintenance and repair according to the
operational documentation.

Simulator ensures continuous work


within 12 hours a day

Simulator mean-time-between-failures
(MTBF) makes not less than 500 hours.

Educational and methodical possibilities of simulator


Simulator is universal educational methodical means of land preparation of flight personnel and ensures:
training :
- to use operating controls of the helicopter and his systems;
- skills of situation evaluation and decision making in special cases of flight and at fulfillment of
tactical tasks;
- skills of operating in special (emergency, unusual) cases in flight;
- skills of acts by operating controls on elements of flying missions;
- Individual preparation for flights;
- preparation for flying mission in group ;
- analysis of the made errors in a piloting technique and maintenance of systems of the helicopter.
Simulator ensures conducting of following
programs of crews training for:
Initial training of crews;
Re-education from other type of aircraft;
Carrying out of periodic training and
improvement of professional skill of acting
pilots;
Carrying out of annual checks;
Testing of new pilots;
Recoveries of qualification after break in flight
activity;
Instruction of the technical personnel and
analysis of simulated faults;
Reduction of pilots minimum.

Preparation on simulator allows:


To increase efficiency of training process and reteaching of flight personnel;
To ensure maintenance of flight skills in the
conditions of the limited flight experience;
To reduce the charge of materials and aeronautical
engineering resource on educational and practice
flights;
To increase an air safety due to raise of readiness of
pilots to operation in special (emergency, unusual)
cases in flight;
To reinforce control over discipline of flights;
Gives a wide range of research in new progressive
methods and methods of flight training.

Main possibilities of simulator


Simulator allows to train :
Initial skills of piloting of the helicopter in a regular operating mode
of the equipment in simple and difficult meteorological conditions at
following stages of flight:
Preflight preparation and equipment check before start of engines,
Start of engines,
Taxiing;
Take-off;
Hovering;
Cross-country flight;
Maneuvering on various modes of flight;
Decrease;
Landing approach;
Landing;
Instrument flight rules operation;
Conducting of visual orientation;
Flights against the terrain background with various forms of a relief;
Flights in night and day conditions;
Flights in summer and winter conditions.
Technology of accomplishment of crewmen obligations in regular
flight conditions;
Crew actions on localisation of the arisen refusals of the equipment;
Technology of crewmen interaction;
decision of navigation tasks and piloting on the avionics devices in
real aeronavigation conditions;
Skills on conducting of radio exchange with dispatchers of air traffic;
Skills of operation with onboard systems of the helicopter;
Training of actions in difficult and emergency situations;
Research of influence of the human factor on accuracy and efficiency
of carried out procedures.

Additional tasks,
trained in the battle training:
Reconnaissance, detection, identification and
identification of the targets on the land or in air;
Fighting maneuvering and aiming to the targets on
the land or in air with imitation of application of
aviation ammunitions , according to the Course of
combat training;
Adaptation of visualisation of out-of-cockpit space
and the cabin equipment with application of night
vision glasses at accomplishment of flights in night
conditions
Management of onboard protection frames of the
helicopter (automatic machines of the false thermal
targets, etc.)

Simulator's capabilities on realisation special


(emergency, contingency) situations and development
of skills on pull out the helicopter from them:

Mode of "vortex ring" on main and tail rotors


Taking-off or landings on dusty or snow-covered airports or platforms,
Flight at extreme small height over a crossed lay of land,
Making a landing on an unprepared platform which selected from air,
Making a landing on a platform of the limited sizes,
Landings to a mode of autorotation,
Failure of the vital systems and helicopter aggregates in flight

Advantages of simulator use for training piloting and combat


training of helicopter's crews and helicopter's sub-units
CAPABILITIES
On simulator it is easier and more safe,
than in actual flight, to train actions of
crewmen in full their duties according
to the Manual on flight operation of
helicopter type Mi-24/35 with capability
of their repetition, including features of
battle application

SAFETY
Simulation of emergency
(contingency) situations which cannot
be created or extremely dangerously
in actual flight
EFFICIENCY
Operation of simulator demands
much less costs, than using of the
real helicopter for training

REALISTIC
Simulator imitates flight with high degree of
the realness, which reached due to the 6DOF motion system and 3-DOF vibration
platform , the spherical screen and system of
visualisation of out-of-cockpit space, high
degree of adequacy imitation of acoustic
effects

RELIABILITY
Simulator can be used
till 12 o'clock a day
irrespective of
meteorological
conditions

OBJECTIVE
EVALUATION
Simulator allows to carry out
the all-round detailed analysis
of accomplishment of the
crew flying mission as a
whole, and also separate skills
by each crewman

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