Mixture consists of two or more substances that are physically combined.

Two Kinds of mixture: Homogeneous and Heterogeneous

Homogeneous Mixture mixtures because you can distinguish the presence of substances in the mixture.
Heterogeneous Mixture the other substance in a mixture may be distributed uniformly throughout the
mixture.
Separating the Components of a mixture
1. Magnetic Separation
2. Decantation
3. Solar Evaporation
4. Filtration
Types of Mixtures

1. Solution

2. Suspension

3. Colloid

Solutions: any homogeneous mixture can be called solution. The term is usually used for mixtures that are
liquid.
Solvent the liquid substance that makes up the bulk of the solution.
Solute substance which are dissolved in the solvent.
Soluble - substance that dissolves readily in a solvent.
Insoluble a substance that does not dissolve in a solvent.
Immiscible substances that do not mix with each other
Miscible which can be mixed with each other.
Saturated solution the solution that contains the maximum amount of solute dissolved in a given amount
of solvent.
Unsaturated solution - is one that contains less dissolved solute than a saturated solution under a given
temperature and pressure.
Supersaturated solution contains more dissolved solute than a saturated given the same temperature.
Factors Affecting Solubility
1. Nature of solute and solvent
2. Pressure
3. Temperature
Effervescence the rapid escape of gas.
Concentrated solution contains large amount of solute.
Diluted solution contains a small amount of solute.
Percent by mass is a ratio of a measured amount of solute to a measured amount of solution.
Percent by mass = mass of solute / mass of solution x 100
Percent by volume = volume of solute / volume of solution x 100
Suspension a mixture that separates on standing
Colloidal dispersions the particles are larger than molecules or ions, but still too small to settle out.
Properties of Colloids
1. Tyndall Effect
2. Brownian Movement
3. Adsorption
Dialysis is the process of separating the particles of colloids from those of the crystalloids by means of
diffusion through a suitable membrane.
Other
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Applications of colloids
Industrial uses
Theaters and arts
Pottery
Colloids play important roles in our daily life
Water purification

Pure Substance is a form of matter that cannot be separated into two different species by any physical
means.
Example of Pure substance 1. Elements 2. Compound
Element is the simplified form of matter that cannot be decomposed by ordinary chemical means.
Non-metals are substance with dull appearance and are brittle. Ex. Carbon, sulphur
Metal are substances with lustrous or shiny appearance and are malleable. Example: Gold, Silver,
Mercury

Metalloids are elements that have the properties of metals and non-metals.

_____________ is a pure substance that can be decomposed by a chemical change into

simpler substance with a fixed mass ratio.
_____________ are substances whose colors are affected by acids and base. Example:
Litmus paper
_____________ change a blue litmus paper to red. They have a sour taste . They are
corrosive. They are electrolytes.
_____________ changes a red litmus paper to blue. Bitter taste, slippery on the skin.
_____________ is widely used for the manufacture of plastics, detergents, batteries and
metals.
_____________ is found in the stomach to aid in digestion.
_____________ used in the manufacture of explosives, rubber, dyes and pharmaceuticals.
_____________ used in manufacture of fertilizers, animal feeds, detergents and ceramics.
_____________ used in the manufacture of plastics and food supplements such as lysine
and fungicide.
_____________ is an acid that contains only two different elements.
_____________ when an acid and a base are mixed, a reaction occurs. Producing a
neutral solution.
_____________ a measure of H+ concentration in a solution is indicated by a unit called
pH.
_____________ a Danish biochemist, developed a scale ranging from 0 -14.
Solutions with pH value lower than 7 are _____________.
Solutions with pH value higher than 7 are _____________.
Solution s with a pH value of 7 is _____________
_____________ when an acid and a base react. The compound produced by a
neutralization reaction between an acid and a base.
Elements and Compounds That are used in daily life.
1. _____________ this is the gas that everyone needs for breathing.
2. _____________ used for fuel.
a. _____________ is the indispensable materials for all sorts of fuel.
b. _____________ is also a pure carbon, most expensive materials for jewelry.
3. _____________ metal for the royalties, used for jewelry, crowns..etc.
4. _____________ used by farmers, engineers or building contractors.
5. _____________ is a gas that is mainly used for disinfectant
6. _____________ element needed to maintain a healthy thyroid gland.
7. _____________ element need to produce water.
8. _____________ is an important composition of the cell fluid in the body
9. _____________ element is an essential mineral for the diet
10.
_____________ most important compound in the universe.
11.
_____________ chloride use it to give flavor to our food.
12.
_____________ called limestone, used as building material
13.
_____________ is an acid found in the stomach